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Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya (view source)

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{{#seo:

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|title=Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya

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|titlemode=append

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|keywords=Danti (Baliospermum montanum (Willd.), Dravanti (Croton tiglium L.), therapeutic purgatives, Sneha pakas, Koshtha, various conditions of purification, measurements, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

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|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 12. Pharmaceutical preparations of Danti and Dravanti

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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

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|image_alt=charak samhita

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|type=article

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}}

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<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 12. Pharmaceutical preparations of Danti and Dravanti'''</big>

{{Infobox

|title = Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya

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|label5 = Other Sections

|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

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|label6 = Translator and commentator

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|data6 = Bairi S.,Ravikrishna S.

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|label7 = Reviewer

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|data7 = Sawant B., Nishteswar K.

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|label8 = Editor

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|data8 = Nishteswar K., Sawant B.

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|label9 = Date of publication

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|data9 = December 17, 2018

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|label10 = DOI

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|data10 =

|header3 =

}}

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~~==[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 12, Chapter on pharmaceutical preparations of~~ ''~~Danti'' and~~ ''~~Dravanti~~'' ==

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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

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=~~== Abstract ===~~

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In this last chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]], 48 various therapeutic purgative formulations and their applications, the polynyms, the collection and processing procedures and qualities of ''danti'' (Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) and ''dravanti'' (Croton tiglium L.) are explained. The general principles of the selection of ingredients, importance of the processing to potentiate and regulate the actions of formulations for wide acceptance are explained. The three varieties of drugs, actions and their applications in persons with three types of strength of ''doshas'' and ''atura'' (patient) are also described. The general methods to get the desired purgative effects and the measure to manage all the possible clinical conditions are also elaborated. The doses prescribed in the text are for the person with ''madhyama koshtha'' (normal bowel), ''vaya'' (middle age) and ''bala'' (medium strength), with reference to this one can alter the dose either higher or lower.

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'''Keywords''': ''Danti'' (Baliospermum montanum (Willd.), ''Dravanti'' (Croton tiglium L.), therapeutic purgatives, ''Sneha pakas, Koshtha,'' various conditions of purification, measurements.

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</div>

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=== Introduction ===

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== Introduction ==

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The ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha doshas'' denote the physiological state of a person, ''rasadi'' seven ''dhatus'' denote the structure or tissue component and ''pranavahaadi srotas'' denote the enzymatic, bio-chemical functional and circulatory activity related to each ''dhatu'' in the living beings.

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In the present chapter, 48 different formulations of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' are described for therapeutic purgation. The chapter concludes [[Kalpa Sthana]] (section on pharmaceutics) and precedes [[Siddhi Sthana]] (section on successful management of [[Panchakarma]]). Therefore, in this chapter, the guidelines for designing effective formulations are mentioned along with those for management of various conditions arise during administration of purification medicines.

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=== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ===

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== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

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अथातो दन्तीद्रवन्तीकल्पं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||

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athātō dantīdravantīkalpaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||

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iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||

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</div></div>

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Now we shall expound the ~~pharmaceutics~~ of ~~''danti'' (Baliospermum montanum (Willd.)~~ and ~~''dravanti'' (Croton tiglium L.~~). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

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Now we shall expound the chapter "Dantidravanti Kalpa"(Pharmaceutical preparations of Danti and Dravanti). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

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==== Synonyms ====

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Note: Danti is Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) and Dravanti is Croton tiglium L.

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=== Synonyms ===

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दन्त्युदुम्बरपर्णी स्यान्निकुम्भोऽथ मुकूलकः|

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(तथा मूषिकपर्णी चाप्युपचित्रा च शम्बरीप्रत्यक्श्रेणी सुतश्रेणी दन्ती र(च)ण्डा च कीर्तिता )

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dantyudumbaraparṇī syānnikumbhō'tha mukūlakaḥ|

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(tathA mUShikaparNI cApyupacitrA ca shambarIpratyakshreNI sutashreNI dantI ra(ca)NDA ca kIrtitA )

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</div></div>

''Danti'' is also known as ''udumbaraparni, nikumbha'', and ''mukulaka''. ''Dravanti'' is also known as ''chitra, nyagrodhi'' and ''musikahvaya''. The names like ''mushkaparni, upachitra, sambari, pratyaksreni, sutasreni, danti'' and ''chanda'' are also considered for ''dravanti''.[3]

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==== Method of collection ====

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=== Method of collection ===

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तयोर्मूलानि सङ्गृह्य स्थिराणि बहलानि च|

हस्तिदन्तप्रकाराणि श्यावताम्राणि बुद्धिमान्||४||

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tayōrmūlāni saṅgr̥hya sthirāṇi bahalāni ca|

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hastidantaprakArANi shyAvatAmrANi buddhimAn||4||

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</div></div>

The roots of these plants which are strong, woody, mature which appear like elephant’s tusk, with thick root bark, black (''danti'') and coppery (''dravanti'') color should be collected by wise physician.[4]

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पिप्पलीमधुलिप्तानि स्वेदयेन्मृत्कुशान्तरे|

शोषयेदातपेऽग्न्यर्कौ हतो ह्येषां विकाशिताम्||५||

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pippalīmadhuliptāni svēdayēnmr̥tkuśāntarē|

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shoShayedAtape~agnyarkau hato hyeShAM vikAshitAm||5||

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</div></div>

These roots are smeared with the paste of ''pippali'' (Piper longum Linn.), ''madhu'' (honey), wrapped with ''kusha'' ( Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf.) coated with mud and baked. Roots are separated and dried under sunlight. This process reduces the ''vikasi'' property of the drugs. [5]

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==== Effects ====

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=== Effects ===

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तीक्ष्णोष्णान्याशुकारीणि विकाशीनि गुरूणि च|

विलाययन्ति दोषौ द्वौ मारुतं कोपयन्ति च||६||

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tīkṣṇōṣṇānyāśukārīṇi vikāśīni gurūṇi ca|

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vilAyayanti doShau dvau mArutaM kopayanti ca||6||

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</div></div>

The roots of these drugs possess properties like ''tikshna'' (sharply acting), ''ushna'' (hot potency), ''guru''(heavy to digest), ''vikasi'', ''aashukari''(quickly acting) and liquifies and expels ''kapha'' and ''pitta'', and aggravates ''vata dosha''. [6]

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==== Various preparations ====

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=== Various preparations ===

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दधितक्रसुरामण्डैः पिण्डमक्षसमं तयोः|

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पिबेद्गुल्मोदरी दोषैरभिखिन्नश्च यो नरः|

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dadhitakrasurāmaṇḍaiḥ piṇḍamakṣasamaṁ tayōḥ|

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pibedgulmodarI doShairabhikhinnashca yo naraH|

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</div></div>

The different formulations of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' for therapeutic purgation are given below:

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1. ''Dadhi'' - Curd

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One ''aksha'' (equivalent to 12 g of metric units) of the root paste of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' are mixed with any one of the above seven suitable liquid media and are indicated in ''gulma, udara'' and persons affected by morbid ''doshas''. [6-7½]

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गोमृगाजरसैः पाण्डुः कृमिकोष्ठी भगन्दरी||८||

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gōmr̥gājarasaiḥ pāṇḍuḥ kr̥mikōṣṭhī bhagandarī||8||

gomRugAjarasaiH pANDuH kRumikoShThI bhagandarI||8||

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</div></div>

The above mentioned dose of the drug is used with following three liquids which are useful in ''pandu, krimikostha'' and ''bhagandara'':

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10.''Ajarasa'' - the soup of goat meat. [8]

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तयोः कल्के कषाये च दशमूलरसायुते|

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चतुःस्नेहं शकृच्छुक्रवातसङ्गानिलार्तिषु||१०||

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tayōḥ kalkē kaṣāyē ca daśamūlarasāyutē|

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catuHsnehaM shakRucchukravAtasa~ggAnilArtiShu||10||

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</div></div>

The below mentioned ''sneha yogas'' (unctuous formulations) prepared with the ''kalka'' of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'', decoction of the same two drug and decoction of ''dashamoola''.

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13. ''Chatursneha'' – (''ghrita, taila, vasa, majja'') is used in curing the obstruction of ''shakrit'' (feces), ''shukra''(semen) and ''adhovata''(flatus) and other ''vata rogas''. [9-10]

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रसे दन्त्यजशृङ्गयोश्च गुडक्षौद्रघृतान्वितः|

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हरीतकीरसे चैव लेहानेवं पचेत् पृथक् ||१५||

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rasē dantyajaśr̥ṅgayōśca guḍakṣaudraghr̥tānvitaḥ|

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harItakIrase caiva lehAnevaM pacet pRuthak ||15||

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</div></div>

Six ''avaleha'' formulations (confections/linctus):

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These three ''leha'' preparation are prepared in the same way to that of 16th ''yoga'' by replacing the ''amalaki'' with these drugs. [11-15]

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तयोर्बिल्वसमं चूर्णं तद्रसेनेव भावितम्|

असृष्टे विशि वातोत्थे गुल्मे चाम्लयुतं शुभम्||१६||

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tayōrbilvasamaṁ cūrṇaṁ tadrasēnēva bhāvitam|

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asRuShTe vishi vAtotthe gulme cAmlayutaM shubham||16||

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</div></div>

20. ''Churna Yoga'':

1 ''Bilwa'' (= 1 ''pala'' approximately 40 grams) root of ''danti'' & ''dravanti'' is triturated with the decoction of the same two drugs. This is indicated in severe constipation and ''vataja gulma'' along with sour recipes. [16]

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पाटयित्वेक्षुकाण्डं वा कल्केनालिप्य चान्तरा|

स्वेदयित्वा ततः खादेत् सुखं तेन विरिच्यते||१७||

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pāṭayitvēkṣukāṇḍaṁ vā kalkēnālipya cāntarā|

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dayitvA tataH khAdet sukhaM tena viricyate||17||

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</div></div>

21. The stem of sugarcane is longitudinally cut into two pieces and inner portion is applied with the paste of ''danti'' & ''dravanti'', join the two pieces, wrap it with ''kusha'', coat with mud and baked. This baked ''ikshu'' is safe purgative. [17]

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मूलं दन्तीद्रवन्त्योश्च सह मुद्गैर्विपाचयेत्|

लाववर्तीरकाद्यैश्च ते रसाः स्युर्विरेचने||१८||

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mūlaṁ dantīdravantyōśca saha mudgairvipācayēt|

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lAvavartIrakAdyaishca te rasAH syurvirecane||18||

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</div></div>

The gruel prepared from the root of ''danti'' & ''dravanti'' boiled with green gram is used for preparation of below eight ''mamsa yogas'' (meat formulations).

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29. ''Raktavartamaka mamsa''. [18]

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तयोर्वाऽपि कषायेण यवागूं जाङ्गलं रसम्|

माषयूषं च संस्कृत्य दद्यात्तैश्च विरिच्यते||१९||

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tayōrvā'pi kaṣāyēṇa yavāgūṁ jāṅgalaṁ rasam|

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mAShayUShaM ca saMskRutya dadyAttaishca viricyate||19||

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</div></div>

30. ''Yavagu'' – rice gruel is prepared by adding the ''danti'' & ''dravanti''

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32. ''Mashayūsha''- soup of black gram prepared with the root of two drugs. These three preparations are also purgative. [19]

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तत्कषायात्त्रयो भागा द्वौ सितायास्तथैव च|

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तयोश्चापि कषायेण मद्यान्यस्योपकल्पयेत्||२१||

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tatkaṣāyāttrayō bhāgā dvau sitāyāstathaiva ca|

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tayoshcApi kaShAyeNa madyAnyasyopakalpayet||21||

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</div></div>

33.The paw cake (''utkarika'') is prepared from the decoction of ''danti'' & ''dravanti'' – three parts, sugar candy (''sita'')- two parts, ''godhuma churna'' (wheat flour) – one part is the best preparation for therapeutic purgation.

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35. ''Madya'': alcoholic beverages can also be prepared with the decoction. [20-21]

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दन्तीक्वाथेन चालोड्य दन्तीतैलेन साधितान्|

गुडलावणिकान् भक्ष्यान् विविधान् भक्षयेन्नरः||२२||

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dantīkvāthēna cālōḍya dantītailēna sādhitān|

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guDalAvaNikAn bhakShyAn vividhAn bhakShayennaraH||22||

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</div></div>

36. ''Bhakshya yoga'' : The different sweet preparations prepared by mixing the decoction of the drugs, jaggery, salt (''saindhava'') & fried in ''danti'' oil also act as purgatives. [22]

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दन्तीं द्रवन्तीं मरिचं यवानीमुपकुञ्चिकाम्|

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गण्डमालासु वाते च पाण्डुरोगे च शस्यते||२६||

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dantīṁ dravantīṁ maricaṁ yavānīmupakuñcikām|

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gaNDamAlAsu vAte ca pANDuroge ca shasyate||26||

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</div></div>

37. Churna yoga

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This combination is safe for all the ages, in all the seasons and useful in all the disorders. It is indicated in the ''durbhakta'' (irregular food habits), ''ajirna'' (indigestion), ''parshwarthi'' (pain in the flanks), ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''plihodara''(ascitis due to splenic disorder), ''gandamala'' (inflammation of glands on neck), ''vata roga'' and ''pandu''(anemia). [23-26]

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पलं चित्रकदन्त्योश्च हरीतक्याश्च विंशतिः|

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ग्रहणीपाण्डुरोगार्शःकण्डूकोठानिलापहाः||२९||

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palaṁ citrakadantyōśca harītakyāśca viṁśatiḥ|

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grahaNIpANDurogArshaHkaNDUkoThAnilApahAH||29||

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</div></div>

38. ''Modaka'':

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These above ingredients are mixed and prepare 10 ''modaka'' (sweet bolus). One ''modaka'' is advised to use on every 10th day with hot water without any dietetic restriction. This is indicated in all the disorders, ''grahani, pandu, arsha, kandu, kotha'' and vitiated ''vata''. [27-29]

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दन्तीद्विपलनिर्यूहो द्राक्षार्धप्रस्थसाधितः |

विरेचनं पित्तकासे पाण्डुरोगे च शस्यते||३०||

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dantīdvipalaniryūhō drākṣārdhaprasthasādhitaḥ |

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virecanaM pittakAse pANDuroge ca shasyate||30||

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</div></div>

Five fermented preparations :

39. ''Danti'' - 2 ''pala'' (8 ''karsha'') ''draksha'' - ½ ''prastha'' (32 ''karsha'') the decoction prepared by these two drugs are fermented and used for ''pittakasa, pandu''. [30]

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दन्तीकल्कं समगुडं शीतवारियुतं पिबेत्|

विरेचनं मुख्यतमं कामलाहरमुत्तमम्||३१||

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dantīkalkaṁ samaguḍaṁ śītavāriyutaṁ pibēt|

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virecanaM mukhyatamaM kAmalAharamuttamam||31||

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</div></div>

40. The paste of root of ''danti'' and equal quantity of jaggery are mixed and ''asava'' is prepared. This is the best formulation for therapeutic purgation in ''kamala''. [31]

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श्यामादन्तीरसे गौडः पिप्पलीफलचित्रकैः|

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मदिरा कफगुल्माल्पवह्निपार्श्वकटिग्रहे||३४||

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śyāmādantīrasē gauḍaḥ pippalīphalacitrakaiḥ|

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madirA kaphagulmAlpavahnipArshvakaTigrahe||34||

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</div></div>

41. The decoction prepared from ''phanita'' of ''shyama'' (''krishna trivrita'') and ''danti'' is mixed with jaggery (''gud'') in a vessel coated with the paste of ''pippali, madanaphala, chitraka'' and fermented. This arista is ''vata kapha shamaka'' and useful in ''pliha, pandu'' & ''udara''.

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44. The decoction of ''danti, dravanti'' and ''masha'' added with ''kinva'' is fermented and used for ''kaphaja gulma, agnimantha, parshvagraha'' and ''katigraha''. [32-34]

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अजगन्धाकषायेण सौवीरकतुषोदके|

सुराकम्पिल्लके योगौ लोध्रवच्च तयोः स्मृतौ||३५||

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ajagandhākaṣāyēṇa sauvīrakatuṣōdakē|

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surAkampillake yogau lodhravacca tayoH smRutau||35||

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</div></div>

45. ''Souviraka''

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47. & 48th formulations are prepared according to the ''lodhra yoga''. [35]

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==== Summary of formulations ====

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=== Summary of formulations ===

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तत्र श्लोकाः-

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एका सुरैकः कम्पिल्ले तथा पञ्च घृते स्मृताः )||३९||

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tatra ślōkāḥ-

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ekA suraikaH kampille tathA pa~jca ghRute smRutAH )||39||

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</div></div>

{|class = "wikitable"

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|}

[36-39]

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दन्तीद्रवन्तीकल्पेऽस्मिन् प्रोक्ताः षोडशकास्त्रयः|

नानाविधानां योगानां भक्तिदोषामयान्प्रति||४०||

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dantīdravantīkalpē'smin prōktāḥ ṣōḍaśakāstrayaḥ|

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nAnAvidhAnAM yogAnAM bhaktidoShAmayAnprati||40||

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</div></div>

Sixteen recipes each for the likings of the person, the ''dosha'' involved and various disorders of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' are mentioned in this chapter. A total number of 48 (16x3) therapeutic purgative formulation are mentioned. [40]

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==== Number of emetic and purgative formulations ====

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=== Number of emetic and purgative formulations ===

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त्रिशतं पञ्चपञ्चाशद्योगानां वमने स्मृतम्|

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प्राधान्यतः समाश्रित्य द्रव्याणि दश पञ्च च||४२||

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triśataṁ pañcapañcāśadyōgānāṁ vamanē smr̥tam|

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prAdhAnyataH samAshritya dravyANi dasha pa~jca ca||42||

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</div></div>

355 formulation for therapeutic emesis and 245 formulation for therapeutic purgatives, a total number of 600 formulations are formulated by using 15 important herbs. [41-42]

−

==== Guidelines for formulating medicines ====

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=== Guidelines for formulating medicines ===

−

===== Nomenclature of formulations =====

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==== Nomenclature of formulations ====

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भवन्ति चात्र-

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ते हि तान्यनुवर्तन्ते मनुजेन्द्रमिवेतरे||४४||

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bhavanti cātra-

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te hi tAnyanuvartante manujendramivetare||44||

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</div></div>

−

The nomenclature of the combination are always in the name of main ingredient. The remaining ingredients in the formulations will boost, regulate and they act in accordance to the main ingredient similar to the followers ~~follow~~ the king. [43-44]

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The nomenclature of the combination are always in the name of main ingredient. The remaining ingredients in the formulations will boost, regulate and they act in accordance to the main ingredient similar to the followers of the king. [43-44]

−

==== Addition of other ingredients ====

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=== Addition of other ingredients ===

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विरुद्धवीर्यमप्येषां प्रधानानामबाधकम्|

अधिकं तुल्यवीर्ये हि क्रियासामर्थ्यमिष्यते ||४५||

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viruddhavīryamapyēṣāṁ pradhānānāmabādhakam|

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adhikaM tulyavIrye hi kriyAsAmarthyamiShyate ||45||

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</div></div>

−

~~The~~ action of main ingredient ~~should not be hampered by the addition of other ingredients having opposite qualities~~. Addition of ingredients with similar properties will enrich the action of the formulations. [45]

+

Viruddha virya (opposite qualities) drugs are added in the formulation which shall not impair the action of main ingredient. Addition of ingredients with similar properties will enrich the action of the formulations. [45]

+

इष्टवर्णरसस्पर्शगन्धार्थं प्रति चामयम्|

अतो विरुद्धवीर्याणां प्रयोग इति निश्चितम्||४६||

+

iṣṭavarṇarasasparśagandhārthaṁ prati cāmayam|

Line 870: Line 972:

ato viruddhavIryANAM prayoga iti nishcitam||46||

+

</div></div>

The rationality for using ''viruddha virya'' (opposite quality drugs or antagonistic) drugs along with main drug are to impart pleasant color, good taste, agreeable smell and touch and relation to the specific disorders. [46]

+

भूयश्चैषां बलाधानं कार्यं स्वरसभावनैः|

Line 878: Line 982:

स्वरसैस्तुल्यवीर्यैर्वा तस्माद्द्रव्याणि भावयेत्|४८|

+

bhūyaścaiṣāṁ balādhānaṁ kāryaṁ svarasabhāvanaiḥ|

Line 890: Line 995:

svarasaistulyavIryairvA tasmAddravyANi bhAvayet|48|

+

</div></div>

The quality and action of drugs can be enhanced by the proper triturating with either ''swarasa'' (juice) or ''kwatha'' (decoction) of the same drug or of the other drugs with similar qualities and action. This method also potentiates the multidimensional action of the preparation. [47-47½]

+

अल्पस्यापि महार्थत्वं प्रभूतस्याल्पकर्मताम्||४८||

कुर्यात् संयोगविश्लेषकालसंस्कारयुक्तिभिः|४९|

+

alpasyāpi mahārthatvaṁ prabhūtasyālpakarmatām||48||

Line 904: Line 1,012:

kuryAt saMyogavishleShakAlasaMskArayuktibhiH|49|

+

</div></div>

By the combination and separation of drugs, ''kala'' (time), ''sanskara'' (processings), & ''yukti'' (proper planning) one can modify the potency of medicaments. There by minute dose can produce greater benefits and vice versa. [48-48½]

+

प्रदेशमात्रमेतावद्द्रष्टव्यमिह षट्शतम्||४९||

Line 912: Line 1,022:

बहुद्रव्यविकल्पत्वाद्योगसङ्ख्या न विद्यते||५०||

+

pradēśamātramētāvaddraṣṭavyamiha ṣaṭśatam||49||

Line 924: Line 1,035:

bahudravyavikalpatvAdyogasa~gkhyA na vidyate||50||

+

</div></div>

Six hundred formūlation mentioned in [[Kalpa Sthana]] are practically experienced combination for the use. Such thousands or crores of combination can be planned & prepared by the wise physician with his own intellect and experience. There is no limit for framing new formulations as there exists a wide scope for multidrug combinations. [49-50]

−

==== Three types of purification drugs ====

+

=== Three types of purification drugs ===

+

तीक्ष्णमध्यमृदूनां तु तेषां शृणुत लक्षणम्|

Line 944: Line 1,057:

स्नेहस्वेदोपपन्नस्य तीक्ष्णत्वं याति भेषजम्||५४||

+

tīkṣṇamadhyamr̥dūnāṁ tu tēṣāṁ śr̥ṇuta lakṣaṇam|

Line 976: Line 1,090:

snehasvedopapannasya tIkShNatvaM yAti bheShajam||54||

+

</div></div>

The characteristic features of three categories of ''dravya'' and its therapeutic elimination effects are explained.

−

===== ''Tikshna'' (sharp acting) =====

+

==== ''Tikshna'' (sharp acting) ====

The action of the drug which has easy expulsion without any difficulties, quick in action, immediate effect, forceful & unimpeded evacuation, without producing fatigue & painful sensation in the chest, anus, does not produce any discomfort to inner organs, expulses the morbid ''doshas'' completely are said to be ''tikshna'' category of therapeutic emesis, purgation & medicated enema. The drugs which are not deteriorated by water (moisture), fire (heat & temperature), insects (microorganisms), collected from an ideal land, in specific season, with utmost required properties, administered in slightly higher doses, potencified by triturating with the similar quality drugs when used in the person underwent proper ''snehana'' & ''swedana'' therapy will produce ''tikshna'' action. [51-54]

+

किञ्चिदेभिर्गुणैर्हीनं पूर्वोक्तैर्मात्रया तथा|

Line 990: Line 1,106:

अतुल्यवीर्यैः संयुक्तं मृदु स्यान्मन्दवेगवत्||५६||

+

kiñcidēbhirguṇairhīnaṁ pūrvōktairmātrayā tathā|

Line 1,006: Line 1,123:

atulyavIryaiH saMyuktaM mRudu syAnmandavegavat||56||

+

</div></div>

−

===== ''Madhyama'' (medium) =====

+

==== ''Madhyama'' (medium) ====

The drugs with slightly less quality than above mentioned characteristic features used in medium dosage will produce medium action in the person who underwent proper ''snehana'' & ''swedana'' and are called as ''madhyama''.

−

===== ''Mridu''(mild) =====

+

==== ''Mridu''(mild) ====

The drugs with low quality, less effective, mixed with antagonistic drugs, used in lesser doses, in person having excessive dryness in the body (without ''snehana'' & ''swedana'') acts slowly and are called as ''mridu''. [53-56]

+

अकृत्स्नदोषहरणादशुद्धी ते बलीयसाम्|

मध्यावरबलानां तु प्रयोज्ये सिद्धिमिच्छता||५७||

+

akr̥tsnadōṣaharaṇādaśuddhī tē balīyasām|

Line 1,026: Line 1,146:

madhyAvarabalAnAM tu prayojye siddhimicchatA||57||

+

</div></div>

The ''madhya'' & ''mridu'' categories of drugs and their effects are not enough to expel the complete morbid ''doshas'' from the body, hence are suitable only for ''madhya'' & ''avara bala'' person for ''shodhana''. [57]

+

तीक्ष्णो मध्यो मृदुर्व्याधिः सर्वमध्याल्पलक्षणः|

तीक्ष्णादीनि बलावेक्षी भेषजान्येषु योजयेत्||५८||

+

tīkṣṇō madhyō mr̥durvyādhiḥ sarvamadhyālpalakṣaṇaḥ|

Line 1,040: Line 1,163:

tIkShNAdIni balAvekShI [1] bheShajAnyeShu yojayet||58||

+

</div></div>

The diseases are classified as severe, medium & mild when it has all, medium, & few signs and symptoms respectively. The three categories of drugs are planned and administered respectively in three groups of diseases with due consideration of ''bala'' (strength) of person & disease. [58]

+

देयं त्वनिर्हृते पूर्वं पीते पश्चात् पुनः पुनः|

भेषजं वमनार्थीयं प्राय आपित्तदर्शनात्||५९||

+

dēyaṁ tvanirhr̥tē pūrvaṁ pītē paścāt punaḥ punaḥ|

Line 1,054: Line 1,180:

bheShajaM vamanArthIyaM prAya ApittadarshanAt||59||

+

</div></div>

In case of improper emesis by the previously administered drug then the therapeutic emetic drugs are repeatedly given till the vomitus contains ''pitta''. [59]

+

बलत्रैविध्यमालक्ष्य दोषाणामातुरस्य च|

पुनः प्रदद्याद्भैषज्यं सर्वशो वा विवर्जयेत्||६०||

+

balatraividhyamālakṣya dōṣāṇāmāturasya ca|

Line 1,068: Line 1,197:

punaH pradadyAdbhaiShajyaM sarvasho vA vivarjayet||60||

+

</div></div>

After assessing the three types of strength of ''doshas'' & ''atura'' the drugs can be administered repeatedly or avoided totally. [60]

+

निर्हृते वाऽपि जीर्णे वा दोषनिर्हरणे बुधः|

भेषजेऽन्यत्प्रयुञ्जीत प्रार्थयन्सिद्धिमुत्तमाम्||६१||

+

nirhr̥tē vā'pi jīrṇē vā dōṣanirharaṇē budhaḥ|

Line 1,082: Line 1,214:

bheShaje~anyatprayu~jjIta prArthayansiddhimuttamAm||61||

+

</div></div>

If the administered therapeutic eliminating drugs expelled out immediately or gets digested completely without adequate clearance of ''doshas'', then another suitable drug shall be administered to get the desired therapeutic action. [61]

+

अपक्वं वमनं दोषं पच्यमानं विरेचनम्|

निर्हरेद्वमनस्यातः पाकं न प्रतिपालयेत्||६२||

+

apakvaṁ vamanaṁ dōṣaṁ pacyamānaṁ virēcanam|

Line 1,096: Line 1,231:

nirharedvamanasyAtaH pAkaM na pratipAlayet||62||

+

</div></div>

The therapeutic emetic drugs expel undigested ''doshas'' without getting digested where as therapeutic purgative drugs expels the ''doshas'' during the digestion. That’s why one should not wait for the digestion of emetic drugs. [62]

+

पीते प्रस्रंसने दोषान्न निर्हत्य जरां गते|

वमिते चौषधे धीरः पाययेदौषधं पुनः||६३||

+

pītē prasraṁsanē dōṣānna nirhatya jarāṁ gatē|

Line 1,110: Line 1,248:

vamite cauShadhe dhIraH pAyayedauShadhaM punaH||63||

+

</div></div>

If the purgative drugs get digested without expelling the ''doshas'' or vomited, then the physician can give the suitable purgative drugs once again confidently. [63]

+

दीप्ताग्निं बहुदोषं तु दृढस्नेहगुणं नरम्|

Line 1,120: Line 1,260:

विरिच्यते शनैर्भोज्यैर्भूयस्तमनुसारयेत् ||६५||

+

dīptāgniṁ bahudōṣaṁ tu dr̥ḍhasnēhaguṇaṁ naram|

Line 1,136: Line 1,277:

viricyate shanairbhojyairbhUyastamanusArayet ||65||

+

</div></div>

In case of inadequate clearance of ''doshas'' in the persons with good digestive power, abundant morbid ''doshas'' and adequate unctuousness, allow him/her to have the food on that day and administer the drug next day. Debilitated persons with abundant morbid ''doshas'', evacuates naturally after ''dosha paka''. For them the laxative food items have to be administered for adequate elimination of ''doshas''. [64-65]

+

वमनैश्च विरेकैश्च विशुद्धस्याप्रमाणतः |

भोजनान्तरपानाभ्यां दोषशेषं शमं नयेत्||६६||

+

vamanaiśca virēkaiśca viśuddhasyāpramāṇataḥ |

Line 1,150: Line 1,294:

bhojanAntarapAnAbhyAM doShasheShaM shamaM nayet||66||

+

</div></div>

In adequate & inadequate cleansing by medicated emesis & purgation the appropriate diet & decoction is given to pacify the remnant ''doshas''. [66]

+

दुर्बलं शोधितं पूर्वमल्पदोषं च मानवम्|

अपरिज्ञातकोष्ठं च पाययेतौषधं मृदु||६७||

+

durbalaṁ śōdhitaṁ pūrvamalpadōṣaṁ ca mānavam|

Line 1,164: Line 1,311:

aparij~jAtakoShThaM ca pAyayetauShadhaM mRudu||67||

+

</div></div>

In weak persons, who underwent cleansing procedure earlier, when the accumulation of morbid ''doshas'' is less, unknown and unassessed ''koshtha'' (bowel), mild drugs (''mridu shodhana dravya'') shall be administered. [67]

+

श्रेयो मृद्वसकृत्पीतमल्पबाधं निरत्ययम्|

न चातितीक्ष्णं यत् क्षिप्रं जनयेत्प्राणसंशयम्||६८||

+

śrēyō mr̥dvasakr̥tpītamalpabādhaṁ niratyayam|

Line 1,178: Line 1,328:

na cAtitIkShNaM yat kShipraM janayetprANasaMshayam||68||

+

</div></div>

It is always best & safe to use the ''mridu shodhana dravyas'' (mild purification) repeatedly as they are less harmful rather than using the ''tikshana shodhana dravyas'' (strong purification), which may cause sudden threat to life. [68]

+

दुर्बलोऽपि महादोषो विरेच्यो बहुशोऽल्पशः|

मृदुभिर्भेषजैर्दोषा हन्युर्ह्येनमनिर्हृताः||६९||

+

durbalō'pi mahādōṣō virēcyō bahuśō'lpaśaḥ|

Line 1,192: Line 1,345:

mRudubhirbheShajairdoShA hanyurhyenamanirhRutAH||69||

+

</div></div>

When the amount of morbid ''doshas'' is high in a weak person, then the ''doshas'' can be eliminated by repeated administration of mild drugs. If not, this morbid ''doshas'' may end the life. [69]

+

यस्योर्ध्वं कफसंसृष्टं पीतं यात्यानुलोमिकम्|

Line 1,206: Line 1,361:

सोद्गारं साङ्गशूलं च स्वेदं तत्रावचारयेत्||७२||

+

yasyōrdhvaṁ kaphasaṁsr̥ṣṭaṁ pītaṁ yātyānulōmikam|

Line 1,230: Line 1,386:

sodgAraM sA~ggashUlaM ca svedaM tatrAvacArayet||72||

+

</div></div>

If the ''virechana'' medicine combined with the morbid ''kapha'' is vomited, then induce proper ''vamana'' to that person. After ''vamana'' give an appropriate ''kavala'' (holding medicine in mouth for gargling), ''langhana'' & ''virechana''.

Line 1,236: Line 1,393:

If the administered drug is obstructed by the morbid ''doshas'', unable to expel by upward & downward direction, associated with belching & bodyache, then appropriate ''swedana'' (fomentation) is given. [70-72]

+

सुविरिक्ते तु सोद्गारमाश्वेवौषधमुल्लिखेत्|

अतिप्रवर्तनं जीर्णे सुशीतैः स्तम्भयेद्भिषक्||७३||

+

suviriktē tu sōdgāramāśvēvauṣadhamullikhēt|

Line 1,248: Line 1,407:

atipravartanaM jIrNe sushItaiH stambhayedbhiShak||73||

+

</div></div>

Even after adequate ''virechana'', if person has belching of the drugs, then it has to be removed immediately by emesis.

In the condition of excess elimination and when the administered drug is digested, then the purgation should be stopped with suitable ''sheetopachara'' (cold measures) by the physician. [73]

+

कदाचिच्छ्लेष्मणा रुद्धं तिष्ठत्युरसि भेषजम्|

क्षीणे श्लेष्मणि सायाह्ने रात्रौ वा तत्प्रवर्तते||७४||

+

kadācicchlēṣmaṇā ruddhaṁ tiṣṭhatyurasi bhēṣajam|

Line 1,264: Line 1,426:

kShINe shleShmaNi sAyAhne rAtrau vA tatpravartate||74||

+

</div></div>

There may be possibilities of ''virechana'' drugs obstructed in the chest region (stomach) because of ''kapha'', then elimination starts in the evening or night after the reduction of ''kapha''. [74]

+

रूक्षानाहारयोर्जीर्णे विष्टभ्योर्ध्वं गतेऽपि वा|

वायुना भेषजे त्वन्यत् सस्नेहलवणं पिबेत्||७५||

+

rūkṣānāhārayōrjīrṇē viṣṭabhyōrdhvaṁ gatē'pi vā|

Line 1,278: Line 1,443:

vAyunA bheShaje tvanyat sasnehalavaNaM pibet||75||

+

</div></div>

The purgative drugs will be digested in the persons, who are ''ruksha'' (dryness in body) and indulge in fasting. This aggravates the ''vata dosha'', obstructs the drugs and moves in upper direction without purgation. This is treated with other purgative combination mixed with ''sneha'' (unctuous substance) & ''lavana'' (salt). [75]

+

तृण्मोहभ्रममूर्च्छायाः स्युश्चेज्जीर्यति भेषजे|

पित्तघ्नं स्वादु शीतं च भेषजं तत्र शस्यते||७६||

+

tr̥ṇmōhabhramamūrcchāyāḥ syuścējjīryati bhēṣajē|

Line 1,292: Line 1,460:

pittaghnaM svAdu shItaM ca bheShajaM tatra shasyate||76||

+

</div></div>

During the digestion of ''virechana'' drugs, if a person complains of ''trishna'' (thirst), ''moha'' (confusion), ''bhrama'' (giddiness), ''murchcha'' (fainting), then ''pitta shamaka'' (''pitta'' pacifying), ''madhura'' (sweet), ''sheeta'' (cold potency) medicaments & therapies are beneficial. [76]

+

लालाहृल्लासविष्टम्भलोमहर्षाः कफावृते|

भेषजं तत्र तीक्ष्णोष्णं कट्वादि कफनुद्धितम्||७७||

+

lālāhr̥llāsaviṣṭambhalōmaharṣāḥ kaphāvr̥tē|

Line 1,306: Line 1,477:

bheShajaM tatra tIkShNoShNaM kaTvAdi kaphanuddhitam||77||

+

</div></div>

If the purgative drug covered (wrapped) with ''kapha'' produces ''lalastrava'' (salivation), ''hrillasa'' (nausea), ''vishtambha'' (constipation), ''lomaharsha'' (horripilation), then ''tikshana'' (sharply acting), ''ushna'' (hot potency), ''katu'' (pungent) drugs having ''kaphahara'' properties are used. [77]

+

सुस्निग्धं क्रूरकोष्ठं च लङ्घयेदविरेचितम्|

तेनास्य स्नेहजः श्लेष्मा सङ्गश्चैवोपशाम्यति||७८||

+

susnigdhaṁ krūrakōṣṭhaṁ ca laṅghayēdavirēcitam|

Line 1,320: Line 1,494:

tenAsya snehajaH shleShmA sa~ggashcaivopashAmyati||78||

+

</div></div>

If inadequate purgation occurs in the ''krura koshtha'' persons even after proper ''snehapana'', for them ''langhana'' is advised. This will remove the morbid ''kapha'' and the obstruction caused by ''sneha''. [78]

+

रूक्ष-बह्वनिल-क्रूरकोष्ठ-व्यायामशालिनाम् |

Line 1,330: Line 1,506:

बस्तिप्रवर्तितं दोषं हरेच्छीघ्रं विरेचनम्||८०||

+

rūkṣa-bahvanila-krūrakōṣṭha-vyāyāmaśālinām |

Line 1,346: Line 1,523:

bastipravartitaM doShaM harecchIghraM virecanam||80||

+

</div></div>

In persons with ''rukshata'' (dryness in body), excess ''morbid vata, krura koshtha,'' performing regular physical exercise, with good appetite the purgatives get digested without purgation. Then it is ideal to treat with enemata followed by suitable purgatives. This enema facilitates the expulsion of doshas through purgation immediately. [79-80]

+

रूक्षाशनाः कर्मनित्या ये नरा दीप्तपावकाः|

Line 1,356: Line 1,535:

स्नेह्यास्ते मारुताद्रक्ष्या नाव्याधौ तान् विशोधयेत् ||८२||

+

rūkṣāśanāḥ karmanityā yē narā dīptapāvakāḥ|

Line 1,372: Line 1,552:

snehyAste mArutAdrakShyA nAvyAdhau tAn vishodhayet ||82||

+

</div></div>

In a person who consumes ''ruksha ahara'' (diet with excess dry items), performs regular exercise, has good appetite, the morbid of ''doshas'' are reduced by ''karma'' (activities), exposure to ''vata'' (air), ''atapa'' (sunlight), ''agni'' (fire). Even they can tolerate the untoward affects of ''viruddha'' (incompatible diet) & ''adhyashana'' (frequent eating) .

These persons are subjected to ''sneha'' to protect from ''vata prakopa'' without ''shodhana'' ( purification therapy). ''Shodhana'' can be performed only when they are afflicted by the illness indicated for ''shodhana''. [81-82]

+

नातिस्निग्धशरीराय दद्यात् स्नेहविरेचनम्|

Line 1,388: Line 1,570:

कालेष्ववश्यं पेयं च तस्माद्यत्नात् प्रयोजयेत्||८५||

+

nātisnigdhaśarīrāya dadyāt snēhavirēcanam|

Line 1,412: Line 1,595:

kAleShvavashyaM peyaM ca tasmAdyatnAt prayojayet||85||

+

</div></div>

The employment of ''snigdha virechana'' (unctuous purgatives) is contraindicated in ''atisnigdha'' persons. To manage the morbidity caused by excess ''snehana, ruksha virechana'' (non-unctuous purgatives) is advised.

Line 1,419: Line 1,603:

Improper employment (selection & administration) of ''shodhana'' causes dreadful effect similar to ''visha,'' where as fruitful effect if used properly. Maximum effort is made to carry out proper ''shodhana'' essentially when ever it is needed. [83-85]

−

==== Standard and personalized dose ====

+

=== Standard and personalized dose ===

+

द्रव्यप्रमाणं तु यदुक्तमस्मिन्मध्येषु तत् कोष्ठवयोबलेषु|

तन्मूलमालम्ब्य भवेद्विकल्प्यं तेषां विकल्प्योऽभ्यधिकोनभावः||८६||

+

dravyapramāṇaṁ tu yaduktamasminmadhyēṣu tat kōṣṭhavayōbalēṣu|

Line 1,432: Line 1,618:

tanmUlamAlambya bhavedvikalpyaM teShAM vikalpyo~abhyadhikonabhAvaH||86||

+

</div></div>

The dose prescribed in the text are for the person with ''madhyama koshtha'' (normal bowel), ''vaya'' (middle age) & ''bala'' (strength). With reference to this one can alter the dose either higher or lesser. [86]

−

==== Measurements ====

+

=== Measurements ===

+

षड् ध्वंश्यस्तु मरीचिः स्यात् षण्मरीच्यस्तु सर्षपः|

Line 1,480: Line 1,668:

तुलां शतपलं विद्यात् परिमाणविशारदः||९७||

+

ṣaḍ dhvaṁśyastu marīciḥ syāt ṣaṇmarīcyastu sarṣapaḥ|

Line 1,568: Line 1,757:

tulAM shatapalaM vidyAt parimANavishAradaH||97||

+

</div></div>

−

===== Specific measurements =====

+

==== Specific measurements ====

{|class = "wikitable"

Line 1,641: Line 1,831:

|}

[87-97]

+

शुष्कद्रव्येष्विदं मानमेवमादि प्रकीर्तितम्|

Line 1,649: Line 1,840:

अनुक्ते परिमाणे तु तुल्यं मानं प्रकीर्तितम्||९९||

+

śuṣkadravyēṣvidaṁ mānamēvamādi prakīrtitam|

Line 1,665: Line 1,857:

anukte parimANe tu tulyaM mAnaM prakIrtitam||99||

+

</div></div>

These measurements are for dry drugs. The liquids, wet drugs, freshly collected drugs are used in double dose. But the measurement in terms of ''pala'' & ''tula'' are mentioned then the same is taken. If the quantity of drugs is not specified in a combination, then all ingredients are used in equal quantity. [98-99]

+

द्रवकार्येऽपि चानुक्ते सर्वत्र सलिलं स्मृतम्|

यतश्च पादनिर्देशश्चतुर्भागस्ततश्च सः||१००||

+

dravakāryē'pi cānuktē sarvatra salilaṁ smr̥tam|

Line 1,679: Line 1,874:

yatashca pAdanirdeshashcaturbhAgastatashca saH||100||

+

</div></div>

Use the water in all formulations, where a particular liquid media is not specified. Wherever ''paada'' is mentioned, consider it as one fourth part. [100]

+

जलस्नेहौषधानां तु प्रमाणं यत्र नेरितम् |

तत्र स्यादौषधात् स्नेहः स्नेहात्तोयं चतुर्गुणम्||१०१||

+

jalasnēhauṣadhānāṁ tu pramāṇaṁ yatra nēritam |

Line 1,693: Line 1,891:

tatra syAdauShadhAt snehaH snehAttoyaM caturguNam||101||

+

</div></div>

Where the proportion of ''jala'' (water), ''sneha'' (fatty media) and ''aushada'' (drugs & paste) are not mentioned then four times of ''sneha'' to that of ''aushada'' (''kalkadravya'') & four times of ''jala'' to ''sneha'' are used. [101]

−

==== Three types of ''snehapaka'' (characteristics of prepared unctuous formulation) ====

+

=== Three types of ''snehapaka'' (characteristics of prepared unctuous formulation) ===

+

स्नेहपाकस्त्रिधा ज्ञेयो मृदुर्मध्यः खरस्तथा|

Line 1,705: Line 1,905:

शीर्यमाणे तु निर्यासे वर्तमाने खरस्तथा||१०३||

+

snēhapākastridhā jñēyō mr̥durmadhyaḥ kharastathā|

Line 1,721: Line 1,922:

shIryamANe tu niryAse vartamAne kharastathA||103||

+

</div></div>

The ''sneha paka'' (characteristic of prepared unctuous formulation) is categorized into three the ''mridupaka'' (soft/thin), ''madhyama paka'' (medium consistency) & ''khara paka'' (dense/thick consistency). If the ''kalka'' turns to ''niryasa'' (gum like) is called as ''mridupaka'', becomes round soft mass then it is ''madhyama paka'' and paste disintegrates during wicking is known as ''kharapaka''. [102-103]

−

==== Their indications ====

+

=== Their indications ===

+

खरोऽभ्यङ्गे स्मृतः पाको, मृदुर्नस्तःक्रियासु च|

मध्यपाकं तु पानार्थे बस्तौ च विनियोजयेत्||१०४||

+

kharō'bhyaṅgē smr̥taḥ pākō, mr̥durnastaḥkriyāsu ca|

Line 1,737: Line 1,941:

madhyapAkaM tu pAnArthe bastau ca viniyojayet||104||

+

</div></div>

''Kharapaka sneha'' (dense) is mostly used for the ''abhyanga'' (unction), the ''mridupaka sneha'' (soft/thin) is ideal for administration through the nasal route (''nasya''), ''madhyama paka sneha'' (medium) is preferred both oral administration (''pana'') as well as for enema (''basti''). [104]

−

==== Two types of measurements ====

+

=== Two types of measurements ===

+

मानं च द्विविधं प्राहुः कालिङ्गं मागधं तथा|

कालिङ्गान्मागधं श्रेष्ठमेवं मानविदो विदुः||१०५||

+

mānaṁ ca dvividhaṁ prāhuḥ kāliṅgaṁ māgadhaṁ tathā|

Line 1,753: Line 1,960:

kAli~ggAnmAgadhaM shreShThamevaM mAnavido viduH||105||

+

</div></div>

There are two categories of measurements 1. ''kalinga'' 2. ''magadha''. Out of these, ''magadha'' is considered as best by the experts. [105]

−

==== Summary of content of chapter ====

+

=== Summary of content of chapter ===

+

तत्र श्लोकौ-

Line 1,767: Line 1,976:

विधिश्चावस्थिको मानं स्नेहपाकश्च दर्शितः||१०७||

+

tatra ślōkau-

Line 1,787: Line 1,997:

vidhishcAvasthiko mAnaM snehapAkashca darshitaH||107||

+

</div></div>

The 12th chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] deals with the concept of ''kalpana'' (preparation), concept of ''shodhana,'' qualities and mechanisms of ''shodhana'', qualities of different ''desha'' & ''Madanaphala'' etc drugs, detailed information of six hundred formulation for ''shodhana, tikshana madhya alpa'' categorization of ''shodhana'' drugs & actions, administration methods its rules & regulation, information on measurements & the preparation of different ''sneha kalpanas''. [106-107]

−

==~~= ''~~Tattva Vimarsha~~'' /~~ Fundamental Principles===

+

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

*''Danti''(Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) and ''dravanti'' (Croton tiglium L.) are strong purgative drugs with ''tikshna'' (sharply acting), ''ashukari'' (quickly acting), ''vikasi'' ( immediately getting distributed in body) properties. Roots of these plants are used for therapeutic purpose after purification. These drugs are mainly indicated in ''gulma''(abdominal lumps), ''udara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis), and ''udavarta''. These drugs can liquefy ''kapha-pitta dosha'' and expel them out.

Line 1,796: Line 2,007:

*In a formulation, the action of main ingredient should not be hampered by the addition of other ingredients having opposite qualities. Addition of ingredients with similar properties will enrich the action of the formulations.

*In order to impart pleasant color, good taste, agreeable smell and touch and relation to the specific disorders, ''viruddha virya'' (opposite quality drugs or antagonistic) drugs along with main drug are added.

−

*The quality and action of drugs can be enhanced by the proper triturating with either ''swarasa'' (juice) or ''kwatha'' (decoction) of the same drug or of the other drugs with similar qualities and action. This method also potentiates the multidimensional action of the preparation. Thus two important measures to potentiate the activity of medicaments are 1. repeated & proper ''bhavana'' (processing) of the same drug 2. addition of similar quality drugs.

+

*The quality and action of drugs can be enhanced by the proper triturating with either ''swarasa'' (juice) or ''kwatha'' (decoction) of the same drug or of the other drugs with similar qualities and action. This method also potentiates the multidimensional action of the preparation. Thus two important measures to potentiate the activity of medicaments are 1. repeated & proper ''bhavana'' (processing) of the same drug 2. addition of similar quality drugs. The drug with enhanced qualities will be more effective in less dose.

*By the combination and separation of drugs, ''kala'' (time), ''sanskara'' (processings), & ''yukti'' (proper planning) one can modify the potency of medicaments. There by minute dose can produce greater benefits and vice versa.

*There are three categories of drugs based upon their therapeutic potential of elimination viz. ''tikshna'' (sharp acting), ''madhyama'' (medium potential), ''mridu'' (mild acting).

Line 1,812: Line 2,023:

*The consistency of ''sneha'' (unctuous drug) shall be changed according to its route of administration. ''Kharapaka sneha'' (dense) is used for the ''abhyanaga'' (unction). ''Mridupaka sneha'' (soft/thin) is ideal for administration through the nasal route (''nasya''). ''Madhyama paka sneha'' (medium) is preferred both oral administration (''pana'') as well as for enema (''basti'').

−

==~~= ''~~Vidhi Vimarsha~~'' /~~ Applied Inferences===

+

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

−

~~Polynyms are used for the identification~~ of ~~the plants, to know their qualities~~ and the therapeutic actions. C''hitropachitra, sambari, pratyakshreni, chanda'' are not available in some of the original texts. These different names of both the plants are mentioned in Bhavaprakash Nighantu (Pg.no 399, Guduchyadi varga) in the names of ''laghudanti'' and ''dravanti'' as ''dantidvaya''. The Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg. and Croton tigilium L. of Euphorbiaceae family are considered as the botanical source respectively. The seeds of the C. tiglium are also considered as ''jayapala'' in this text.( verse 3)

+

=== Description of Danti and Dravanti ===

−

The ~~other principle~~ of ~~collection~~ of ''~~mula~~'' ~~is discussed~~ in ~~[[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]] and Sushruta Samhita Sutra sthana 37th chapter~~. (verse 4)

+

Polynyms are used for the identification of the plants, to know their qualities and the therapeutic actions. Chitropachitra, sambari, pratyakshreni, chanda are not available in some of the original texts. These different names of both the plants are mentioned in Bhavaprakasha i.e''laghudanti'' and ''dravanti'' as ''dantidvaya'' .<ref>Bhavamishra.Guduchyadi Varga Bhavaprakasha -Volume II. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas academy;2004.pp.</ref>The Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg. and Croton tigilium L. of Euphorbiaceae family are considered as the botanical source respectively. The seeds of the C. tiglium are also considered as ''jayapala'' in this text.( verse 3)

−

The fresh roots of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' are used for the purification processing. This process reduces the harmful effect and imparts a safer action to the drug. ''Vikasi'' quality is explained in Sushruta ~~Samhita~~ Sutra ~~sthana~~ 46 / ~~530~~ and in Sharangadhara ~~Madhyama~~ Khanda 4/20.

+

The other principle of collection of ''mula'' is discussed in [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]] and also by Sushruta.<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.37 Mishraka Adhyaya. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1-10.

+

</ref>(verse 4)

+

The fresh roots of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' are used for the purification processing. This process reduces the harmful effect and imparts a safer action to the drug. ''Vikasi'' quality is explained by Sushruta<ref> Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.46 Annapanavidhi Adhyaya.Verse 530 In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1-10. </ref> and Sharangadhara.<ref>Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita Madhama Khanda Chapter 4, Verse 20. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2016.pp-- </ref>

The same method of processing is described by Vriddhavaghbhata in Astanga Sangraha Kalpa Sthana 2nd chapter. The procedure of this ''samskara'' is described in Sharangadhara Madhyama Khanda 1/21-24 in the context of ''putapaka swarasa''. (verse 5)

−

The similar qualities of ''tikshna, ushna, vikasi'' and ''ashukari'' are mentioned by Vriddhavaghbhata in Astanga Sangraha Kalpasthana 2nd chapter. Some additional qualities and therapeutic actions of the drug are mentioned in Bhavaprakasha ~~Nighantu~~ Guduchyadi Varga~~/ 199~~-200. (verse 6)

+

The similar qualities of ''tikshna, ushna, vikasi'' and ''ashukari'' are mentioned by Vriddhavaghbhata in Astanga Sangraha Kalpasthana 2nd chapter. Some additional qualities and therapeutic actions of the drug are mentioned in Bhavaprakasha..<ref>Bhavamishra.Guduchyadi Varga, Verse 119-200, Bhavaprakasha -Volume II. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas academy;2004.pp.</ref> (verse 6)

−

Gangadhara considered ''gorasa'' as ''paya'': specifically one should consider cows milk and not the soup of cows meat. Vridhha Vagbhata mentioned the same 3 ''yogas'' ~~(Astanga Samgraha~~, ~~Kalpasthana~~ 2/62). (verse 8)

+

Gangadhara considered ''gorasa'' as ''paya'': specifically one should consider cows milk and not the soup of cows meat. Vridhha Vagbhata mentioned the same 3 ''yogas''.<ref> Indu,vagbhata.Kalpa Sthana 2 Virechana Kalpa Adhyaya,Verse 62, In:Dr Shivaprasad Sharma editor,Astanga Sangraha, ? ed.,Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2006 Pp965. </ref>(verse 8)

−

One part of ''kalka'' + 2 parts of ''kashaya'' of ''danti'' and ''dravantimula'' + 2 part of ''dashamula kashaya'' are taken for the preparation of ''sneha''. (Gangadhara) The same three ''sneha'' preparations are mentioned by ~~Vriddhavaghbhata~~ in Ashtanga Sangraha ~~Kalpasthana 2nd chapter~~. (verse 9-10)

+

One part of ''kalka'' + 2 parts of ''kashaya'' of ''danti'' and ''dravantimula'' + 2 part of ''dashamula kashaya'' are taken for the preparation of ''sneha''. (Gangadhara) The same three ''sneha'' preparations are mentioned by Vriddha vaghbhata in Ashtanga Sangraha.<ref> Indu,vagbhata.Kalpa Sthana 2 Virechana Kalpa Adhyaya.In:Dr Shivaprasad Sharma editor,Astanga Sangraha, ? ed.,Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2006 Pp965. </ref> (verse 9-10)

−

''Shyamadi'' ~~in verse 11-15,~~ refers to nine purgative drugs mentioned in [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]], verse 6. Preparation and description of ''phanita'' is discussed in Bhavaprakasha Nigantu Iksu Varga. The same purgative preparations discussed in Astanga Sangraha ~~Kalpasthana~~ 2/66- 67. ''Ghrita'' or ''taila'' can be selected according to the doshas involved in the disease. (verse 11-15)

+

''Shyamadi'' refers to nine purgative drugs mentioned in [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]], verse 6. Preparation and description of ''phanita'' is discussed in Bhavaprakasha Nigantu Iksu Varga. The same purgative preparations discussed in Astanga Sangraha.<ref> Indu,vagbhata.Kalpa Sthana 2 Virechana Kalpa Adhyaya,Verse 66-67, In:Dr Shivaprasad Sharma editor,Astanga Sangraha, ? ed.,Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2006 Pp965. </ref>''Ghrita'' or ''taila'' can be selected according to the doshas involved in the disease. (verse 11-15)

−

The same preparation as in verse 16 is mentioned in Astanga Sangraha ~~Kalpasthana~~ 2/68. The ''bilwasama'' dose is only for the preparation of medicament and not to be considered as therapeutic dose. ''Asrustavishi'' is nothing but ''baddhapurisha'' (Gangadhara). ''Amla pada'' (sour recipes) are ''kanji, dadima rasa, dadhi manda, madya, sidhu, souvira, tushodaka''. (verse 16)

+

The same preparation as in verse 16 is mentioned in Astanga Sangraha.<ref> Indu,vagbhata.Kalpa Sthana 2 Virechana Kalpa Adhyaya,Verse 68, In:Dr Shivaprasad Sharma editor,Astanga Sangraha, ? ed.,Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2006 Pp965. </ref> The ''bilwasama'' dose is only for the preparation of medicament and not to be considered as therapeutic dose. ''Asrustavishi'' is nothing but ''baddhapurisha'' (Gangadhara). ''Amla pada'' (sour recipes) are ''kanji, dadima rasa, dadhi manda, madya, sidhu, souvira, tushodaka''. (verse 16)

−

In Astanga Sangraha ~~Kalpasthana~~ 2/9, the same ~~preparationas~~ in verse 17 is mentioned. The sugarcane juice should not be extracted by instrument; it should be cleaned and chewed (Bhavaprakasha Nigantu). (verse 17)

+

In Astanga Sangraha <ref>Vagbhata.Kalpa Sthana 2 Virechana Kalpa Adhyaya,Verse 9, In:Dr Shivaprasad Sharma editor,Astanga Sangraha, ? ed.,Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2006 Pp965. </ref>, the same preparations in verse 17 is mentioned. The sugarcane juice should not be extracted by instrument; it should be cleaned and chewed (Bhavaprakasha Nigantu). (verse 17)

−

~~[[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/47 the~~ eight birds flesh are mentioned these are boiled with green gram and the root of ''danti'' & ''dravanti'' can also be considered as eight different therapeutic purgative soup preparations. (verse 18)

+

The eight birds flesh are mentioned these are boiled with green gram and the root of ''danti'' & ''dravanti'' can also be considered as eight different therapeutic purgative soup preparations. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/47](verse 18)

−

The preparation method of ''yavagu'' is mentioned in Sushruta ~~Sutrasthana~~ 46~~/344~~-345 and yūśa in Sharngadhara ~~Madhyamakhanda~~ 2/154. (verse 19)

+

The preparation method of ''yavagu'' is mentioned by Sushruta.<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.46 Annapana vidhi Adhyaya verse 334-345. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1 </ref> and yūśa by Sharngadhara.<ref>Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita,Madhyama khanda 2/154. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2016.pp--</ref> (verse 19)

The ''godhuma churna'' or other flour can be used for the preparation in verse 22. The oil prepared from the decoction & paste of the roots of ''danti'' & ''dravanti'' with sesame oil is suitable for frying than the available croton oil (the seed oil of these plants). ( verse 22)

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Qualities of ideal ''haritaki'' are mentioned in Bhava Prakasha Nighantu Haritakyadi Varga. ''Modaka'' is mentioned as ''agyasta modaka'' in other texts (Chakrapani) (verse 27-29)

−

The fermented ~~formūlation~~ is prepared after 1/4 th decoction is mixed with 2 ''palas'' of jaggery. (verse 30)

+

The fermented formulation is prepared after 1/4 th decoction is mixed with 2 ''palas'' of jaggery. (verse 30)

−

The method of preparation of these four yogas are mentioned in [[Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya]]. ~~Souvira Charaka Samhita~~ Kalpa. 9/7. ~~Sura- Charaka Samhita~~ Kalpa. 9/8-9. Kampillaka yoga ~~Charaka Samhita~~ Kalpa. 9/10-11. (verse 35)

+

The method of preparation of these four yogas are mentioned in [[Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], Souvira [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 9/7], Sura [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 9/8-9], Kampillaka yoga [Cha. Sa.[[ Kalpa Sthana]] 9/10-11]. (verse 35)

−

==== Numbers of formulations described in [[Kalpa Sthana]] ====

+

=== Numbers of formulations described in [[Kalpa Sthana]] ===

{|class = "wikitable" style="text-align: center; "

Line 1,890: Line 2,104:

In ''mridu paka'', the ''niryasa'' is commented specifically for the ''aragwadha phala majja'' (pulp of Cassia fistula fruit). (verse 102-103)

−

The same as in verse 105 is opined by ''Sharangadhara Samhita Purva Khanda'' 1/33-34 ( verse 105)

+

The same as in verse 105 is opined by Sharangadhara.<ref>Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita Purva Khanda 1/33-34, Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2016.pp--</ref> (verse 105)

−

~~=== Glossary ===~~

−

~~#abhya±ga (AprÉ…¡û) : Manually manipulating technique in which oil is applied over various parts of the body to get desired effect.~~

+

==References==

−

~~#adhya¾ana (AkrÉzÉlÉ) : Taking food over and again the previous meal (before it gets digested)~~

+

</div>

−

~~#aja¾»±ga (AeÉzÉ×…¡û) : Saussurea gossipifolia Don. (a controversial source)~~

+

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;

−

~~#ajagandh¡ (AeÉaÉlkÉÉ) : Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briquet~~

+

bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;

−

~~#aj§r³a (AeÉÏhÉï) : Indigestion.~~

+

font-size:8pt; font-face:verdana,sans-serif; border:0.2em outset #ceebf7;

−

~~#ak½a (A¤É) : A unit of measurement and synonym of fruit of beleric myrobalan and synonym of kar½a equivalent to 12 g of metric units.~~

+

padding:0.1em; font-weight:bolder; -moz-border-radius:8px; ">

−

~~#alpadµ½a (AsmÉSÉåwÉ) : Less aggravated dosha, minimum accumulation of the morbid dosha~~

+

[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

−

~~#a±ga¾Àla (A…¡ûzÉÔsÉ) : Bodyache~~

−

~~#a²jali (AgeÉÍsÉ) : A unit of measurement and synonym of one ku¢ava~~ =~~192 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#anirh»ta (AÌlÉWØïûiÉ) : Not extracted~~ / ~~not removed.~~

−

~~#antarap¡nam (AliÉUmÉÉlÉqÉç) : ka½¡yap¡nam (ca. p¡.) Intake of decoctions after food~~

−

~~#anukta (AlÉÑ£ü) : Unsaid, unuttered.~~

−

~~#anulµmana (AlÉÑsÉÉåqÉlÉ) : Substances which restores and facilitate the physiological direction of various flows within the body like different malas (flatus, stool, etc.).~~

−

~~#apakva (AmÉYuÉ) : Unripe, immature, undigested.~~

−

~~#api¢ayan (AmÉÏQûrÉlÉç) : Without trouble~~

−

~~#ari½¿a (AËU¹) : A self-fermented preparation prepared by kv¡tha.~~

−

~~#arma³a (AqÉïhÉ) :~~ ~~A unit of measurement and synonym of one drµ³a~~ = ~~12.228 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#arti (AÌiÉï) : Pain.~~

−

~~#ar¾a (AzÉï) : Piles, polypus.~~

−

~~#asak»t (AxÉM×üiÉç) : Repeatedly, often.~~

−

~~#atipravartana (AÌiÉmÉëuÉiÉïlÉ) : Hyperactivity~~

−

~~##dhm¡na (AÉkqÉÉlÉ) : Distention of abdomen due to gas.~~

−

~~##¢haka (AÉRûMü) : A unit of measurement, four prastha are equal to one ¡¢haka~~ = ~~3.073 kg or l of metric units.~~

−

~~##lipya (AÉÍsÉmrÉ) : Having besmeared or anointed.~~

−

~~##maya (AÉqÉrÉ) : Sickness, disease.~~

−

~~##mra (AÉqÉë) : Mangifera indica Linn.~~

−

~~##pittadar¾an¡t (AÉÌmÉ¨ÉSzÉïlÉÉiÉç) : Till the appearance of pitta~~

−

~~##sava (AÉxÉuÉ) : A self~~-~~fermented preparation prepared swarasa.~~

−

~~##¾uk¡ri (AÉzÉÑMüÉËU) : Fast acting or fast moving , operating quickly.~~

−

~~##vasthika (AÉuÉÎxjÉMü) : Being in accordance with or adopted to the circumstances suitable.~~

−

~~#badara (oÉSU)~~ : ~~Zizypus jujuba Lam.~~

−

#~~bahala (oÉWûsÉ) : ghanatwak (ca. p¡.) Thick bark~~

−

~~#bahudµ½am (oÉWÒûSÉåwÉqÉç) : Excessive accumulation of the morbid dosha~~

−

~~#basti (oÉÎxiÉ) : Administration of liquid medicine through the rectal, urethral or vaginal route~~

−

~~#bhagandara (pÉaÉlSU) : Fistula in ano~~

−

~~#bhak½ya (pÉ¤rÉ) : Masticable~~; ~~dietary substances to be masticated.~~

−

~~#bharjay£ta (pÉeÉïrÉåiÉ)~~ : ~~bharjana - Frying/ roasting~~; ~~one of the processes applied in purification or refining of the material.~~

−

~~#bh¡ra (pÉÉU) : A unit of measurement, forty tul¡s are equal to one bh¡ra = 96 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#bh¡van¡ (pÉÉuÉlÉÉ) : Trituration - One of the process applied in purification or refining of the material.~~

−

~~#bhrama (pÉëûqÉ) : Giddiness~~

−

~~#bibh§taka (ÌoÉpÉÏiÉMü) : Terminalia bellerica Roxb.~~

−

~~#bilva (ÌoÉsuÉ) : A unit of measurement, four aksha are equal to one bilva = 48 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#buddhi (oÉÑÎ®) : The power of forming and retaining conceptions and general notions , intelligence, reason, intellect, judgement.~~

−

~~#ca³¢a (cÉhQû) : Fierce, violent, cruel.~~

−

~~#catu:sn£ha (cÉiÉÑ: xlÉåWû) : Ghrita, taila,vasa, majja~~

−

~~#caturb§ja (cÉiÉÑoÉÏïeÉ) : A combination of following four drugs viz. Methika, Candrasura, Kalajaji & Yavanika.(B.P.N.)~~

−

~~#caturthikaa (cÉiÉÑÍjÉïMü) : A unit of measurement, four kar½a are equal to one caturthika = 48 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#cchardi (cNûÌSï) : Vomiting.~~

−

~~#citraka (ÍcÉ§ÉMü) : Plumbago zeylanica Linn.~~

−

~~#cÀr³a (cÉÔhÉï) : Nicely powdered dry drug which is filtered through a cloth~~

−

~~#dadhi (SÍkÉ) : Curd~~

−

~~#dant§ (SliÉÏ) : Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg.~~

−

~~#darv§ (SuÉÏï) : Spatula~~

−

~~#da¾amÀla~~ ~~(SzÉqÉÔsÉ)~~ : ~~Group of bilva, etc. ten drugs~~

−

~~#d¡ha (SÉWû)~~ : ~~Burning sensation.~~

−

~~#dh¡nyam¡½a (kÉÉlrÉqÉÉwÉ) : A measurement equal to~~ 2 ~~tandula~~

−

~~#dh§ra: (kÉÏU:) : Steady, firm, brave, calm, intelligent, wise, clever.~~

−

~~#dµ½ap¡kam (SÉåwÉmÉÉMüqÉç) : Digestion of the accumulated doshas~~

−

~~#dra¯k½a³a (SìÇ¤ÉhÉ) : A unit of measurement, two ¾¡³a are equal to one dra¯k½a³a = 6 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#dravant§ (SìuÉliÉÏ) : Croton tiglium Linn.~~

−

~~#dr¡k½¡ (SìÉ¤ÉÉ) : Vitis vinifera Linn.~~

−

~~#drµ³a (SìÉåhÉ) : A unit of measurement, sixteen prastha are equal to one drµ³a = 12.228 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#d»¢hasn£ham (SØRûxlÉåWûqÉç) : Excess unctuousness~~

−

~~#durbala (SÒoÉïsÉ) : Of little strength, weak, emaciated.~~

−

~~#durbhakta (SÒpÉï£ü) : A person with improper food habit.~~

−

~~#ga³¢am¡l¡ (aÉhQûqÉÉsÉÉ) : Inflammation of the glands of the neck.~~

−

~~#gau¢a (aÉÉæQû) : Preparation from jaggery.~~

−

~~#gh»ta (bÉ×iÉ) : Ghee.~~

−

~~#gha¿a (bÉûOû) : A unit of measurement, synonym of one drµ³a = 12.228 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#ghanatvak (bÉûlÉiuÉMçü) : Thick bark~~

−

~~#gl¡nikaram (asÉÉÌlÉMüUqÉç) : That which causes fatigue of mind or body or loss of enthusiasm.~~

−

~~#gµ (aÉÉå) : Cow~~

−

~~#gµdhÀma (aÉÉåkÉÔqÉ) : Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.)~~

−

~~#gµ³i (aÉÉåÍhÉ) : A unit of measurement, synonym of drµ³i = 49.152 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#graha (aÉëWû) : Stiffness, checked.~~

−

~~#graha³§ (aÉëWûÍhÉ) : Disease of intestine characterised by constipation and diarrhoea.~~

−

~~#gu¢a (aÉÑQû) : Jaggery~~

−

~~#gulma (aÉÑsqÉ) : Diseases related to abdomen with abdominal pain and mass~~

−

~~#guru (aÉÑÂ) : Heavy/ heaviness~~; ~~one among 20 Gurv¡di gu³a.~~

−

~~#har§taki (WûUÏiÉÌMü) : Terminalia chebula Retz.~~

−

~~#hastidanta (WûÎxiÉSliÉ) : The tusk of an elephant.~~

−

~~#h£madugdh¡ (WåûqÉSÒakÉÉ) : xuÉhÉï¤ÉÏUÏ – Argemone mexicana Linn.(A controversial source)~~

−

~~#h»ll¡sa (WØûssÉÉxÉ) : Nausea.~~

−

~~#ik½u (C¤ÉÑ) : Saccharum officinarum Linn.~~

−

~~#jara³am (eÉUhÉqÉç) : Digestion.~~

−

~~#j¡±gala (eÉÉ…¡ûsÉ) : Arid, sparingly grown with trees and plants.~~

−

~~#j§r³am (eÉÏhÉïqÉç) : Digested.~~

−

~~#jvara (euÉU) : Fever.~~

−

~~#ka¯sa (MÇüxÉ) : A unit of measurement, synonym of ¡¢haka ,four prastha are equal to one ka¯sa = 3.073 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#ka¿igraha (MüÌOûaÉëWû) : Stiffness in low back~~

−

~~#ka½¡ya (MüwÉÉrÉ) : A medicinal preparation~~ - ~~One pala of coarsely powdered drug is boiled with 16 parts of water in an earthen pot over a mild fire till liquid is reduced to 1/8th of original quantity.~~

−

~~#ka³¢u (MühQÒû)~~ : ~~Itching~~

−

~~#kak½¡ (Mü¤ÉÉ)~~ : ~~A type of skin disease which mimics visarpa~~

−

~~#kala¾a (MüsÉzÉ)~~ : ~~A unit of measurement, synonym of drµ³a, sixteen prastha are equal to one kala¾a~~ = ~~12.228 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#kalka (MüsMü) : A fresh drug or a dry drug converted into a paste by rubbing it on a stone with or without water added, is called kalka.~~

−

~~#kampillaka (MüÎqmÉssÉMü) : Mallotus philippinensis Muell Arg.~~

−

~~#kapha sa¯s»½¿am (MüTü xÉÇxÉ×¹qÉç) : Accumulation of kapha dosha~~

−

~~#kar½a (MüwÉï)~~ : ~~A unit of measurement, equivalent to 12 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#karmanitya (MüqÉïÌlÉirÉ) : Person who does regular exercise~~

−

~~#kavala (MüuÉsÉ) : Procedure of hoding oil or decoctions in the oral cavity and gargling for a certain period.~~

−

~~#k¡li±ga (MüÉÍsÉ…¡û) : A type of measurement belonging to Kalinga country~~

−

~~#k¡mal¡ (MüÉqÉsÉÉ) : Jaundice related disorders~~

−

~~#k¡sa (MüÉxÉ) : Cough~~

−

~~#kh¡ri (ZÉÉËU) : A unit of measurement equivqlent to 4096 pala~~

−

~~#khara (ZÉU) : Rough~~

−

~~#ki³va (ÌMühuÉ) : The sedimented portion of alcoholic preparation~~

−

~~#k§¿a (MüÐOû) : A worm or insect~~

−

~~#kµ½¿ha (MüÉå¸) : a. A closed space or area typically indicative of organs in the abdominal, thoracic and pelvic cavities. b.Physiologically, indicative of Gastro-intestinal tract~~

−

~~#kµ¿ha (MüÉåPû) : A disease with large round spots, wheels on the skin~~

−

~~#kµla (MüÉåsÉ) : A unit of measurement~~; ~~eight seeds of maasha / two shaana will make one seed of kola = 6 g of metric units~~

−

~~#krÀrakµ½¿ha (¢ÔüUMüÉå¸) : A vata variety of Gastro-intestinal tract with habitual constipation.~~

−

~~#k»mikµ½¿h§ (M×üÍqÉMüÉå¸Ï) : Infested with intestinal worms~~

−

~~#k½audra (¤ÉÉæSì) : Honey~~

−

~~#ku¢ava (MÑüQûuÉ) : A unit of measurement~~ ~~=192 g of metric units~~

−

~~#k½ipram (Í¤ÉmÉëqÉç) : Immediately, quickly~~

−

~~#k½§³a (¤ÉÏhÉ) : Wasted, diminished~~

−

~~#ku¾a (MÑüzÉ) : Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf.~~

−

~~#kumbha (MÑüqpÉ) : A unit of measurement = 24.576 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#kv¡tha (YuÉÉjÉ) : A synonym of kashaya~~

−

~~#la±ghitam (sÉÌ†¡ûiÉqÉç) : A person who is on fasting~~

−

~~#lava³a (sÉuÉhÉ) : Salt~~

−

~~#l¡l¡ (sÉÉsÉÉ) : Salivation~~

−

~~#l¡va (sÉÉuÉ) : A type of bird~~

−

~~#l£ha (sÉåWû) : Confection~~ - ~~A medicinal semi solid preparation prepared using drava dravya , madhura dravya & aushadha dravya.~~

−

~~#lµdhra (sÉÉåkÉë) : Symplocos racemosa Roxb.~~

−

~~#lµmahar½a (sÉÉåqÉWûwÉï) : Horripilation~~

−

~~#madhu (qÉkÉÑ) : Honey.~~

−

~~#madhya (qÉkrÉ) : Middle, intermediate, moderate~~

−

~~#madir¡ (qÉÌSUÉ) : Spirituous liquor, wine~~

−

~~#madya (qÉ±) : The medicated alcohol~~

−

~~#ma³¢a (qÉhQû) : Only supernatant liquid portion of the gruel.~~

−

~~#marica (qÉËUcÉ) : Black pepper, Piper nigrum Linn.~~

−

~~#mar§ci (qÉUÏÍcÉ) : A unit of measurement equivalent to 6 dhvamshi~~

−

~~#m¡nik¡ (qÉÉÌlÉMüÉ) : A unit of measurement equivalent to two kudava~~

−

~~#m¡ruta (qÉÉÂiÉ)~~ : ~~Synonym of Vata.~~

−

~~#m¡½a (qÉÉwÉ) : Black gram, Phaseolus mungo Linn.~~

−

~~#m¡½aka (qÉÉwÉMü) : A unit of measurement equivalent to four andika~~

−

~~#m£ha (qÉåWû) : Disease characterised by excessive amount and altered character of urine~~

−

~~#mµdaka (qÉÉåSMü) : A sweet, soft, bolus preparation~~;

−

~~#mµha (qÉÉåWû)~~ : ~~Altered states of consciousness or confused state~~

−

~~#m»du (qÉ×SÒ) : Soft~~

−

~~#m»ga (qÉ×aÉ) : Animal~~, ~~commonly considered for deer.~~

−

~~#m»t (qÉ×iÉç) : Soil~~

−

~~#mudga (qÉÑª) : Green gram, Vigna radiata (L.) Var. radiata~~

−

~~#mÀla (qÉÔsÉ) : Root.~~

−

~~#mÀrcch¡ (qÉÔcNûÉï) : Transient loss of conscious.~~

−

~~#mÀ½ikapar³i (qÉÔÌwÉMümÉÍhÉï) : A synonym of dravanti~~

−

~~#nalva³a (lÉsuÉhÉ) : A unit of measurement, sixteen prastha are equal to one drµ³a = 12.228 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#nasta (lÉxiÉ) : A person who underwent nasya~~

−

~~#n¡gara (lÉÉaÉU) : Ginger, Zingiber officinale Roxb.~~

−

~~#nikumbha (ÌlÉMÑüqpÉ) : Synonym of danti, Baliospermum montanum Muell~~-~~Arg.~~

−

~~#niratyayam (ÌlÉUirÉrÉqÉç) : Free from danger, secure, causing no pain~~

−

~~#niry¡sa (ÌlÉrÉÉïxÉ) : Exudate of a plant~~

−

~~#niryÀha (ÌlÉrÉÔïWû) : Synonym of ka½¡ya~~

−

~~#nyagrµdhi (lrÉaÉëÉåÍkÉ) : Synonym of dravanti~~

−

~~#pacyam¡nam (mÉcrÉqÉÉlÉqÉç) : Undergoing digestion~~

−

~~#pala (mÉsÉ) : A unit of measurement, four kar½a are equal to one pala = 48 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#parim¡³am (mÉËUqÉÉhÉqÉç) : Measure of any kind e.g. circumference, length, weight, value~~

−

~~#p¡kam (mÉÉMüqÉç) : Digestion, transformation of substances with the help of agni~~

−

~~#p¡³¢u (mÉÉhQÒû) : Anaemia~~

−

~~#p¡³itala (mÉÉÍhÉiÉsÉ) : A unit of measurement and synonym of kar½a equivalent to 12 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#p¡r¾va (mÉÉµÉï) : Sides of the chest~~; ~~flanks~~

−

~~#p¡r¾vagraha (mÉÉµÉïaÉëWû) : Stiffness in the sides of the chest or flanks~~

−

~~#p¡¿ayitv¡ (mÉÉOûÌrÉiuÉÉ) : Splitting~~

−

~~#ph¡³ita (TüÉÍhÉiÉ) : It is a semisolid condensed sugarcane preparation traditionally used to prepare ¡sava, ari½¿a and other forms of alcoholic fermentation.~~

−

~~#phala (TüsÉ) : Fruit, Considered as madanaphala~~

−

~~#picu (ÌmÉcÉÑ) : A unit of measurement and synonym of kar½a equivalent to 12 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#pi³¢a (ÌmÉhQû)~~ : ~~Any round or roundish mass~~

−

~~#pippali (ÌmÉmmÉÍsÉ) : Long pepper, Piper longum Linn~~.

−

#~~p§lu (mÉÏsÉÑ) : Salvadora persica Linn.~~

−

~~#pl§hµdara (msÉÏWûÉåSU) : A disease of spleen with splenomegaly~~

−

~~#praku²ca (mÉëMÑügcÉ) : A unit of measurement and synonym of pala equivalent to 48 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#prasra¯sanam (mÉëxÉëÇxÉlÉqÉç) : gets digested without eliminating the impurity or vomited.~~

−

~~#prastha (mÉëxjÉ) : Weight and measurement of capacity = 32 palas equivalent to 1536 gm of metric units.~~

−

~~#pratyak ¾r£³i (mÉëirÉMçü ´ÉåÍhÉ) : Synonym of dravanti, Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg.~~

−

~~#priy¡la (ÌmÉërÉÉsÉ) : Buchanania lanzan Spreng~~

−

~~#rÀk½a (Ã¤É) : Dryness~~; ~~one among 20 Gurv¡di gu³a.~~

−

~~#rÀk½a a¾ana (Ã¤É AzÉlÉ) : Diet predominant with ruksha food stuff~~

−

~~#ruddham (Â®qÉç) : Obstructed, checked, stopped, suppressed.~~

−

~~#rukkaram (Â‚üUqÉç) : That which induces pain~~

−

~~#sal§la (xÉsÉÏsÉ) : Water~~

−

~~#sa¯sk¡ra (xÉÇxMüÉU) : Pharmaceutical processes to modify and regulate the qualities of a drug or combinations~~

−

~~#sa¯y¡va (xÉÇrÉÉuÉ) : A sort of cake of wheat flour fried with ghee and milk and made up into an oblong form with sugar and spices.~~

−

~~#sa¯yµga (xÉÇrÉÉåaÉ) : Combination, one of the 10 paradi gunas. Combination of two or more substances~~

−

~~#sant¡pa (xÉliÉÉmÉ) : Heat~~

−

~~#sa±ga (xÉ…¡û) : Stiking, clinging to, blocking~~

−

~~#sarpi (xÉÌmÉï) : Ghee.~~

−

~~#sauv§raka (xÉÉæuÉÏUMü) : Sour gruel~~

−

~~#sit¡ (ÍxÉiÉÉ) : Sugar candy.~~

−

~~#sn£ha (xlÉåWû) : Oil~~

−

~~#stambhay£t (xiÉqpÉrÉåiÉç) : Stambhana = Substances used to check any flow through or out of the body~~

−

~~#sthir¡³i (ÎxjÉUÉÍhÉ) : sarabhootaani (ca. paa.) –~~ ~~Woody and strong~~

−

~~#sukham (xÉÑZÉqÉç) : Comfortable, agreeable, gentle, pleasant~~

−

~~#sur¡ (xÉÑUÉ)~~ : ~~Indegenous beer- beverage prepared from fermented cereals~~. ~~The cereals that are either cooked or ground are mixed with jaggery and other spices, and are subjected to natural fermentation~~

−

~~#sur¡ma³¢a (xÉÑUÉqÉhQû) : The scum or froth of sur¡~~

−

~~#suta¾r£³i (xÉÑiÉ´ÉåÍhÉ) : A synonym of dravanti~~

−

~~#suvar³a (xÉÑuÉhÉï) : Gold~~; ~~golden colour~~

−

~~#svarasa (xuÉUxÉ) : Expressed juice of a plant part~~

−

~~#sv¡du (xuÉÉSÒ) : Sweet, pleasant to test~~

−

~~#sv£da (xuÉåS) : Warmth, heat~~

−

~~#¾ak»t (zÉM×üiÉç) : Faeces~~

−

~~#¾ambar§ (zÉqoÉUÏ) : A synonym of dravanti~~

−

~~#¾¡³a (zÉÉhÉ) : A measurement of~~ weight~~; equals to 3 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#¾§dhu (zÉÏkÉÑ)~~ : ~~Fermentation of sweetening liquids with or without subjecting to heat.~~

−

~~#¾§ta (zÉÏiÉ) : Cold, cool~~; ~~one among the 20 gurvadi gunas.~~

−

~~#¾µdhitam (zÉÉåÍkÉiÉqÉç) : Cleansed, purified, refined, corrected~~

−

~~#¾ukra (zÉÑ¢ü) : The seventh dhaatu whose function is reproduction.~~

−

~~#¾Àrpa (zÉÔmÉï) : A unit of measurement, synonym of kumbha = 24.576 kg of metric units~~

−

~~#¾y¡m¡ (zrÉÉqÉÉ) : A synonym of krishna trivrut~~

−

~~#¾y¡va (zrÉÉuÉ) : Bluish colour, cyan colour~~

−

~~#dhva¯¾§ : A unit of measurement, equivalent to 1/6th of mareechi~~

−

~~#½µ¢a¾ika (wÉÉåQûÍzÉMüÉ) : A unit of measurement and synonym of pala equivalent to 48 g of metric units.~~

−

~~#taila (iÉæsÉ) : Sesame oil; oil~~

−

~~#ta³¢ula (iÉhQÒûsÉ) : Grain, rice~~

−

~~#tarpa³a (iÉmÉïhÉ) : That which satiets?~~

−

~~#t¡mra (iÉÉqÉë) : Coppery colour~~

−

~~#tinduka (ÌiÉlSÒMü) : Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel.~~

−

~~#t§k½³a (iÉÏ¤hÉ) : The property of the substance which causes sharpness and quick penetration.~~

−

~~#tµya (iÉÉårÉ) : Water~~

−

~~#triv»t (Ì§ÉuÉ×iÉç) : Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso.~~

−

~~#t»½³¡ (iÉ×whÉÉ) : Thirst~~

−

~~#tul¡ (iÉÑsÉÉ) : A unit of measurement, 100 pala are equal to one tul¡ = 4.8 kg of metric units.~~

−

~~#tu½µdaka (iÉÑwÉÉåSMü) : Water collected by soaking the husk~~

−

~~#udara (ESU) : Enlargement of the abdomen (from dropsy or flatulence); any morbid abdominal affection (as the liver, spleen)~~

−

~~#ud¡varta (ESÉuÉiÉï) : Constipated or upward movement of vata or mala.~~

−

~~#udg¡ram (EªÉUqÉç) : Belching.~~

−

~~#udumbarapar³i (ESÒqoÉUmÉÍhÉï) : A synonym of danti, Baliospermum montanum Muell~~-~~Arg.~~

−

~~#ullikh£t (EÎssÉZÉåiÉç) : Scrape out~~

−

~~#unm¡na (ElqÉÉlÉ) : Measure, weight, particular measure of quantity equal to 1 drona.~~

−

~~#upacitr¡ (EmÉÍcÉ§É) : A synonym of dravanti~~

−

~~#upaku²cik¡ (EmÉMÑüÎgcÉMüÉ) : Nigella sativa Linn.~~

−

~~#upas»jya (EmÉxÉ×erÉ) : Having added, adding~~

−

~~#u½³a (EwhÉ) : Hot, warm~~

−

~~#utk¡rik¡ (EiMüÉËUMüÉ) : Poultice like preparation prepared with anti~~-~~venomous drugs to soothe or aggravate and release the local doshas.~~

−

~~#utkli½¿a (EÎiYsÉ¹)~~ : ~~Aggravated~~

−

~~#vac¡ (uÉcÉÉ) : Acorus calamus~~

−

~~#vamana (uÉqÉlÉ) : Vomiting, Therapeutic emesis~~

−

~~#vart§ra (uÉiÉÏïU) : A sort of quail or patridge~~

−

~~#vibandha (ÌuÉoÉlkÉ) : Obstruction, block~~

−

~~#vik¡¾I (ÌuÉMüÉzÉÏ) : Drugs which weaken all the joints of the body and dislodge the ojas from dhatu.~~

−

~~#vilaya (ÌuÉsÉrÉ) : Dissolution, liquefaction~~

−

~~#vir£canam (ÌuÉUåcÉlÉqÉç) : Therapeutic purgation~~

−

~~#viruddha (ÌuÉÂ®) : Opposite, not contradictory~~

−

~~#viruddh¡¾ana (ÌuÉÂ®ÉzÉlÉqÉç) : Consuming incompatible food stuffs~~

−

~~#visarpa (ÌuÉxÉmÉï) : erysipelas~~

−

~~#vi¾l£½a (ÌuÉzsÉåwÉ) : Distraction, flabbiness~~

−

~~#vi¾uddha (ÌuÉzÉÑ®) Completely cleansed or purified~~

−

~~#vi½¿ambha (ÌuÉ¹qpÉ) : Obstruction of urine or faces, constipation~~

−

~~#v§rya (uÉÏrÉï) : Strength, power, energy~~;

−

#~~vy¡y¡ma (urÉÉrÉÉqÉ) : Exercise ; the act of movement of the body.~~

−

~~#yava (rÉuÉ) : Cereal, barley, eight mustard seeds are equal~~ to ~~one Yava. A quantity of measurement.~~

−

~~#yav¡gu (rÉuÉÉaÉÑ) : Gruel- it is a type of congenial preparation of cereals, like rice, wheat, barley, etc. Where more cooked rice #particle and less liquid portion are taken.~~

−

~~#yav¡ni (rÉuÉÉÌlÉ) : Trachyspermum ammi (Linn.) Sprague.~~

−

~~#yukti (rÉÑÌ£ü) : Wisdom/ skill; includes a. Property of physician and pharmacist to formulate~~ the ~~medicine; b. Tool of examination, #logical plan~~/ ~~tactics, pertains to the logic and plan of therapeutic action~~

−

~~#yÀ½a (rÉÔwÉ) : It is a semisolid preparation obtained by boiling one part of different types of dhanya vishesha (kulattha, yava, #mudga, etc.) along with 1~~/~~8th quantity of pippali, shunthi and 16 parts of water.~~

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Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya (view source)

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