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{{#seo:

|title=Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya

|title=Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Chaturangula, Aragwadha, Cassia fistula Linn

|keywords=Chaturangula, Aragwadha, Cassia fistula Linn, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 8.Pharmaceutical preparations of Chaturangula

|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 8.Pharmaceutical preparations of Chaturangula

}}

}}

<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 8.Pharmaceutical preparations of Chaturangula'''</big>

<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 8.Pharmaceutical preparations of Chaturangula'''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|title = Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya

|title = Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya

|label5 = Other Sections

|label5 = Other Sections

|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]],  [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]],  [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

 

|header3 =  

|data6 = Rao R.

 

}}

}}

''Aragwadha'' is indigenous to India and is commonly known as ''amalataas'', it is one of the most beautiful of all tropical trees. It sheds its leaves and bursts into a mass of long, grape-bunches like yellow gold flowers. It is a tropical ornamental tree with a trunk consisting of hard reddish wood, growing up to 40 feet tall. The fruits are dark-brown cylindrical pods, 2' long, which also hold the flattish, brown seeds (up to 100 in one pod).[1] A postal stamp was issued by the Indian Postal Department to commemorate this tree.  

''Aragwadha'' is indigenous to India and is commonly known as ''amalataas'', it is one of the most beautiful of all tropical trees. It sheds its leaves and bursts into a mass of long, grape-bunches like yellow gold flowers. It is a tropical ornamental tree with a trunk consisting of hard reddish wood, growing up to 40 feet tall. The fruits are dark-brown cylindrical pods, 2' long, which also hold the flattish, brown seeds (up to 100 in one pod).<ref>K Nishteshwar, Text book of DravyaGuna, Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashan, Varanasi, First Edition 2007, p.no 212</ref> A postal stamp was issued by the Indian Postal Department to commemorate this tree.  

The golden shower tree (''aragwadha'') is the national tree of Thailand. Its flower is the state flower of Kerala, a southern state in India. The therapeutic benefits of golden shower are recorded in traditional medicine texts in Sri Lanka, Burma and India. In [[Ayurveda]], this is called ''aragwadha'' meaning ''the disease killer.'' Golden shower is effective in treating skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and cardiac problems.[2]

The golden shower tree (''aragwadha'') is the national tree of Thailand. Its flower is the state flower of Kerala, a southern state in India. The therapeutic benefits of golden shower are recorded in traditional medicine texts in Sri Lanka, Burma and India. In [[Ayurveda]], this is called ''aragwadha'' meaning ''the disease killer.'' Golden shower is effective in treating skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and cardiac problems.<ref>http://www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbfinder/cassia-fistula.htm</ref>

Present chapter deals with synonyms of ''chaturangula'' viz., ''aragwadha, shampaka, kritamala, rajavriksha'' which denotes the nature, morphology and therapeutic benefits of the plant. The therapeutic utility of ''chaturangula'' has been in a nutshell described here, among which many have been proved by different experiments conducted by different scientists. Fruit pulp is used but needs to be preserved for longer duration for which different methods of preservation too has been discussed in this chapter.

Present chapter deals with synonyms of ''chaturangula'' viz., ''aragwadha, shampaka, kritamala, rajavriksha'' which denotes the nature, morphology and therapeutic benefits of the plant. The therapeutic utility of ''chaturangula'' has been in a nutshell described here, among which many have been proved by different experiments conducted by different scientists. Fruit pulp is used but needs to be preserved for longer duration for which different methods of preservation too has been discussed in this chapter.

Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups and other recipes of ''aragwadha'' are explained lucidly. Drug may not be liked by individual in one form for which twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs has been discussed in this chapter.

Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups and other recipes of ''aragwadha'' are explained lucidly. Drug may not be liked by individual in one form for which twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs has been discussed in this chapter.

=== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ===

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

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We shall now elaborate/expand the chapter dealing with the “Pharmaceutics of ''chaturangula'' (Cassia fistula Linn)”. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Now we shall expound the chapter "Chaturangula Kalpa" (Pharmaceutics of Chaturangula). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

==== Synonyms of ''Chaturangula'' ====

 

=== Synonyms of ''Chaturangula'' ===

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The different names of ''chaturangula'' are as ''aragwadha'' (One which overcomes diseases), ''rajavriksha'' (royal beautiful tree), ''shampaka'' (which gives auspicious fruits), ''chaturangula'' (four ''angula'' in ''pramana''), ''pragriha'' (which seizes the disease), ''kritamala'' (flowering forms a garland), ''karnikara'' (tree/golden shower) and ''avaghatuka'' (which overcomes the diseases) are the synonyms of ''chaturangula''.[3]

The different names of ''chaturangula'' are as ''aragwadha'' (One which overcomes diseases), ''rajavriksha'' (royal beautiful tree), ''shampaka'' (which gives auspicious fruits), ''chaturangula'' (four ''angula'' in ''pramana''), ''pragriha'' (which seizes the disease), ''kritamala'' (flowering forms a garland), ''karnikara'' (tree/golden shower) and ''avaghatuka'' (which overcomes the diseases) are the synonyms of ''chaturangula''.[3]

==== Therapeutic utility of ''Chaturangula'' ====

=== Therapeutic utility of ''Chaturangula'' ===

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*''Guna''- ''mridu''(mild), ''sheetala''(cooling effect)

*[[Guna]]- ''mridu''(mild), ''sheetala''(cooling effect)

*''Karma''- ''Aragwadha'' is very much beneficial to people who are suffering from diseases viz.,  

*''Karma''- ''Aragwadha'' is very much beneficial to people who are suffering from diseases viz.,  

**''Jwara'' (fever)

**''Jwara'' (fever)

**''Hridroga'' (cardiac ailments)

**''Hridroga'' (cardiac ailments)

**''Vatarakta'' (gouty arthritis dominant of ''vata-pitta dosha'') and

**''Vatarakta'' (gouty arthritis dominant of [[vata]]-[[pitta]] [[dosha]]) and

**''Udavarta'' (upward movement of wind in abdomen).

**''Udavarta'' (upward movement of wind in abdomen).

*''Aragwadha'' is a drug of choice for

*''Aragwadha'' is a drug of choice for

**''Kshina'' (debilitated).  

**''Kshina'' (debilitated).  

The reason for this is due to its ''guna'' (attributes) and ''anapayitvata''(harmlessness/safe).[4-5]

The reason for this is due to its [[guna]] (attributes) and ''anapayitvata''(harmlessness/safe).[4-5]

==== Processing and storage of ''aragwadha'' ====

=== Processing and storage of ''aragwadha'' ===

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*The fruits when dried, the pulp is taken out and stored in clean containers.[6-7]

*The fruits when dried, the pulp is taken out and stored in clean containers.[6-7]

==== Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' ====

=== Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' ===

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Children (between age group of 4 years to 12 years) who are suffering from daha (burning sensation) and udawarta (upward movement of vata in abdomen) should be administered Aragwadha (fruit pulp) mixed with draksha rasa (juice/decoction). The dosage of fruit pulp may be either one prasruta(2 pala = 96 gram) or one anjali ( 4 pala=192 gram).

Children (between age group of 4 years to 12 years) who are suffering from daha (burning sensation) and udawarta (upward movement of [[vata]] in abdomen) should be administered Aragwadha (fruit pulp) mixed with draksha rasa (juice/decoction). The dosage of fruit pulp may be either one prasruta(2 pala = 96 gram) or one anjali ( 4 pala=192 gram).

Note: Specific age mentioned here indicates that this recipe should not be given to the patients below four years and above twelve years of age.[8-8½]

Note: Specific age mentioned here indicates that this recipe should not be given to the patients below four years and above twelve years of age.[8-8½]

==== Other Recipes of ''aragwadha'' (''chaturangula'') ====

=== Other Recipes of ''aragwadha'' (''chaturangula'') ===

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The tastes are as such chosen and added so that they are ''hridya'' or pleasing to the heart of the patient.

The tastes are as such chosen and added so that they are ''hridya'' or pleasing to the heart of the patient.

==== Summary ====

=== Summary ===

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Thus, ends the eighth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] which deals with Pharmaceutics of ''chaturangula'' in Agnivesha’s work which is redacted by Charaka, supplemented by Dridabala, due to non availability of further contents.

Thus, ends the eighth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] which deals with Pharmaceutics of ''chaturangula'' in Agnivesha’s work which is redacted by Charaka, supplemented by Dridabala, due to non availability of further contents.

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles===

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

*''Chaturangula'' is mild purgative in nature and is safe to be used in children, aged and tender persons.

*''Chaturangula'' is mild purgative in nature and is safe to be used in children, aged and tender persons.

*Mainly the fruit pulp of ''chaturangula'' is used for purgative action.

*Mainly the fruit pulp of ''chaturangula'' is used for purgative action.

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences===

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

==== Pharmacological profile of ''Aragvadha'' ====

=== Pharmacological profile of ''Aragvadha'' ===

There are many Cassia species worldwide, which is used in herbal medicine systems. This particular family of plants is used widely for their laxative actions. Cassia fistula Linn. is no exception. It is often used as a highly effective moderate laxative that is safe even for children. However, in large doses, the leaves and bark can cause vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and cramps. Cassia fistula Linn. is also employed as a remedy for tumors of the abdomen, glands, liver, stomach, and throat, for burns, cancer, constipation, convulsions, delirium, diarrhea, dysuria, epilepsy, gravel, hematuria, pimples, and glandular tumors. The seeds are attributed with antibilious, carminative, and laxative properties while the root is used for adenopathy, burning sensations, leprosy, skin diseases, syphilis, and tubercular glands. The leaves are used in erysipelas, malaria, rheumatism, and ulcers. In Brazilian herbal medicine, the seeds are used as a laxative and the leaves and/or bark is used for pain and inflammation. Various laboratory studies report that ''aragwadha'' has evidenced antioxidant, hypoglycemic, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, antibacterial, antifungal, anticandidal activity, antiviral, laxative, liver protective, mild estrogenic, antitumorous, cholesterol lowering, pain relieving, and fever reducing actions. [3]

There are many Cassia species worldwide, which is used in herbal medicine systems. This particular family of plants is used widely for their laxative actions. Cassia fistula Linn. is no exception. It is often used as a highly effective moderate laxative that is safe even for children. However, in large doses, the leaves and bark can cause vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and cramps. Cassia fistula Linn. is also employed as a remedy for tumors of the abdomen, glands, liver, stomach, and throat, for burns, cancer, constipation, convulsions, delirium, diarrhea, dysuria, epilepsy, gravel, hematuria, pimples, and glandular tumors. The seeds are attributed with antibilious, carminative, and laxative properties while the root is used for adenopathy, burning sensations, leprosy, skin diseases, syphilis, and tubercular glands. The leaves are used in erysipelas, malaria, rheumatism, and ulcers. In Brazilian herbal medicine, the seeds are used as a laxative and the leaves and/or bark is used for pain and inflammation. Various laboratory studies report that ''aragwadha'' has evidenced antioxidant, hypoglycemic, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, antibacterial, antifungal, anticandidal activity, antiviral, laxative, liver protective, mild estrogenic, antitumorous, cholesterol lowering, pain relieving, and fever reducing actions.<ref>http://www.rain-tree.com/canafistula.htm#.UvgGHWKSxOI</ref>

Pulp of pod contains anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A & B rhein and its glucoside, barbloin, aloin, formic acid, butyric acid, their ethylesters and oxalic acid. Presence of pectin and tannin are also reported. Seed gave galactomannan free sugard and free aminoacids, extract laxative, carminative, cooling and antipyretic. Flowers give free rein to its glycosides Sennosides A & B.[4]

Pulp of pod contains anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A & B rhein and its glucoside, barbloin, aloin, formic acid, butyric acid, their ethylesters and oxalic acid. Presence of pectin and tannin are also reported. Seed gave galactomannan free sugard and free aminoacids, extract laxative, carminative, cooling and antipyretic. Flowers give free rein to its glycosides Sennosides A & B.<ref>C P Khare, Indian Medicinal Plants an Illustrated Dictionary, First Edition,Springer(India) Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, P.No 128</ref>

==== Synonyms ====

=== Synonyms ===

The synonyms play an important role in correct identification of the plant. Apart from the above mentioned synonymns, nighantus (lexicons) suggests names like ''suvarnaka'' (beautiful tree), ''dirghaphala'' (one which has long fruits), ''naradipa, apaghataka, swarnahu'' are the few names of the plant. [5] In Rajanighantu under ''prabhadradi varga'' mentions few more synonymns such as ''nripadhruma, rajataru, aruna, karnabharanaka'' and ''maharajadhruma''.[6]

The synonyms play an important role in correct identification of the plant. Apart from the above mentioned synonymns, nighantus (lexicons) suggests names like ''suvarnaka'' (beautiful tree), ''dirghaphala'' (one which has long fruits), ''naradipa, apaghataka, swarnahu'' are the few names of the plant.<ref>P V Sharma, Guruprasad Sharma, Kaiyadeva Nighantu,Chaukhmbha Orientalia, II Edition, 2006,p.no 174</ref> In Rajanighantu under ''prabhadradi varga'' mentions few more synonymns such as ''nripadhruma, rajataru, aruna, karnabharanaka'' and ''maharajadhruma''.<ref>Indradev Tripathi, Rajanighantu of Pt Narahari, Chaukhmbha Orientalia 4th Edition,2006,p.no 272</ref>

''Karnikara'' has been considered as synonym by Charaka but in Dhanwantari Nighantu it is considered as separate drug. [3]

''Karnikara'' has been considered as synonym by Charaka but in Dhanwantari Nighantu it is considered as separate drug.<ref>http://www.rain-tree.com/canafistula.htm#.UvgGHWKSxOI</ref>

==== Properties and formulations ====

=== Properties and formulations ===

''Aragwadha'' is ''mridu'' (soft) in ''guna'' (heavy), bitter and sweet in taste and ''madhura'' (sweet) in ''vipaka'' due to which it is very safe to be used in ''bala'' (children), ''vriddha'' (aged), ''sukumara'' (delicate constitution) and ''urakshata'' (injuries to chest) as well as in ''kshina'' (debilitated) too. [7][4-5]

''Aragwadha'' is ''mridu'' (soft) in [[guna]] (heavy), bitter and sweet in taste and ''madhura'' (sweet) in ''vipaka'' due to which it is very safe to be used in ''bala'' (children), ''vriddha'' (aged), ''sukumara'' (delicate constitution) and ''urakshata'' (injuries to chest) as well as in ''kshina'' (debilitated) too. <ref>Vd Bapalal, Nighantu Adarsha, Vol 1, Chaukhabha Bharati Academy, Varanasi,II Edition,1999, p.no 474</ref>

Charaka has mentioned its uses in following conditions:

Charaka has mentioned its uses in following conditions:

*''Jwara'' - ''Aragwadha'' given with grape juice(Ch Ch 3-232) [8]

*''Jwara'' - ''Aragwadha'' given with grape juice[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/232]

*''Kushta'' (skin Ailments) – Decoction for bath and internal intake (Ch Ch 7-97) [9]

*''Kushta'' (skin Ailments) – Decoction for bath and internal intake [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/97]

*''Visarpa''(Herpes) – Leaf decoction or anointment with paste of leaves (Ch Ch 21-88) [10]

*''Visarpa''(Herpes) – Leaf decoction or anointment with paste of leaves[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/88]  

*''Kamala''(Jaundice) – ''Phalamajja'' (fruit pulp) is taken with sugarcane juice (As. Hr. 16/41) [11]

*''Kamala''(Jaundice) – ''Phalamajja'' (fruit pulp) is taken with sugarcane juice <ref>Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HK R Shrikantha Murthy, 1st ed. Varanasi:haukhambha Krishnadas Academy;2009, p.no 453.</ref>

*''Urusthambha''- Leaves are boiled and eaten without adding salt is useful in ''urusthambha''(Ca. Ch. 27/25) [12]  

*''Urusthambha''- Leaves are boiled and eaten without adding salt is useful in ''urusthambha''[ Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/25]  

*''Pittodara'' – ''Phalamajja'' decoction (Ca. Ch. 18/69-70) [13]

*''Pittodara'' – ''Phalamajja'' decoction. [ Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/69-70]  

*''Twakroga'' – Leaves processed with buttermilk is applied as paste (Ca Su. 3/17)

*''Twakroga'' – Leaves processed with buttermilk is applied as paste [ Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/17]

*''Haridrameha'' – ''Phalamajja'' is given in ''kashaya'' form (Su. Chi. 11/07)

*''Haridrameha'' – ''Phalamajja'' is given in ''kashaya'' form.<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.11 Pramehachikitsitam Adhyaya verse 7. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1. </ref>

 

For ''vrinaprakshalana aragwadha patra'' and ''jati patra kwatha'' (leaves of Jasmine plant) are used for washing wound.

For ''vrinaprakshalana aragwadha patra'' and ''jati patra kwatha'' (leaves of Jasmine plant) are used for washing wound.

''Aragwadha'' leaves, root, bark and flowers are used for medicinal purpose. More specifically, fruit pulp is used for purgation where as flowers are used for urinary strangury. Fruit pulp is sweet in taste, if not processed it gets worm infested. Thus fruit pulp should be used only after proper processing.

''Aragwadha'' leaves, root, bark and flowers are used for medicinal purpose. More specifically, fruit pulp is used for purgation where as flowers are used for urinary strangury. Fruit pulp is sweet in taste, if not processed it gets worm infested. Thus fruit pulp should be used only after proper processing.

Charaka mentions ''aragwadha'' in the context of ''vamana'' and ''asthapana''(Ca. Su. 1/82). Apart from this it also finds mention in Charaka [[Sutra Sthana]] 4th Chapter under ''kushtaghna, vamanopaga'' and ''kandughna dashemani''. In Charaka [[Vimana Sthana]] ''aragwadha'' has been considered under ''tiktaskandha'' (Ca. Vi. 8/164). Sushruta mentions usage of ''aragwadha'' in ''ksharakalpa''. ''Aragwadha'' has been mentioned in ''aragwadhadi gana'' and ''shyamadi gana'' (Su 39-9). Even though Charaka mentions ''khadira'' as best drug in ''kushta'' (Ch Su 25) it may be seen that in Charaka [[Sutra Sthana]] 2nd chapter ''aragwadha'' has been preferred over ''khadira''. For external usage it may be considered that ''aragwadha'' is best, whereas for internal usage ''khadira'' is choice of drug in ''kushta''. [6-7]

Charaka mentions ''aragwadha'' in the context of [[vamana]] and ''asthapana''[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/82]. Apart from this it also finds mention in Charaka [[Sutra Sthana]] 4th Chapter under ''kushtaghna, vamanopaga'' and ''kandughna dashemani''. In Charaka [[Vimana Sthana]] ''aragwadha'' has been considered under ''tiktaskandha'' [ Cha. Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/164]. Sushruta mentions usage of ''aragwadha'' in ''ksharakalpa''. ''Aragwadha'' has been mentioned in ''aragwadhadi gana'' and ''shyamadi gana'' <ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.39 Samshodhanasamshamaneeym Adhyaya verse 9. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1. </ref>. Even though Charaka mentions ''khadira'' as best drug in ''kushta'' [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25] It may be seen that in Charaka [[Sutra Sthana]] 2nd chapter ''aragwadha'' has been preferred over ''khadira''. For external usage it may be considered that ''aragwadha'' is best, whereas for internal usage ''khadira'' is choice of drug in ''kushta''. [6-7]

Below age four years the drug is not advised, because of possible complications and in children above 12 years, drug may not give the desired benefit. As both ''aragwadha'' and ''draksha''(grapes) are mild purgative in nature may not induce the desired purgation if given to children above 12 years. Chakradutta mentions the usage of ''aragwadha'' with ''drasksha'' in ''pittajajwara''. ''Aragwadha'' is purgative but when administered alone may bring about untoward side effects like colicky pain so is usually administered with any suitable adjuvants. [8-9½]

Below age four years the drug is not advised, because of possible complications and in children above 12 years, drug may not give the desired benefit. As both ''aragwadha'' and ''draksha''(grapes) are mild purgative in nature may not induce the desired purgation if given to children above 12 years. Chakradutta mentions the usage of ''aragwadha'' with ''drasksha'' in [[pitta]]jajwara. ''Aragwadha'' is purgative but when administered alone may bring about untoward side effects like colicky pain so is usually administered with any suitable adjuvants. [8-9½]

''Aragwadha phala majja'' is preferably used in ''sheetakashaya'' (or ''phanta'' form as tannin content present in it, when boiled tannin in it will increase and its purgative action will be reduced. Apart from this ''aragwadha'' with ''suramanda, sauviraka'' and ''kolasidhu'' can be given to those who are addicted to alcohol. Where as those who prefer ''amla rasa'' (sour taste) can be administered with ''dadhimanda''. In general, for others it can be given with ''amalaki swarasa'' which will potentiate the action of ''aragwadha'' and will also reduce its untoward effects like colicky pain. In eczema and skin ailments like urticarial rashes ''aragwadha'' leaves are made into paste with ''kanji'' and applied.(Vangasena) [9½-10]

''Aragwadha phala majja'' is preferably used in ''sheetakashaya'' (or ''phanta'' form as tannin content present in it, when boiled tannin in it will increase and its purgative action will be reduced. Apart from this ''aragwadha'' with ''suramanda, sauviraka'' and ''kolasidhu'' can be given to those who are addicted to alcohol. Where as those who prefer ''amla rasa'' (sour taste) can be administered with ''dadhimanda''. In general, for others it can be given with ''amalaki swarasa'' which will potentiate the action of ''aragwadha'' and will also reduce its untoward effects like colicky pain. In eczema and skin ailments like urticarial rashes ''aragwadha'' leaves are made into paste with ''kanji'' and applied.(Vangasena) [9½-10]

''Aragwadha'' even though has tannin in it, when dissolved with ''trivrita kwatha'' and jaggery retains its purgative effect. ''Avaleha'' (linctus) form of the drug can be preserved for longer duration. Thus the drug prepared in this form can be used as and when required.

''Aragwadha'' even though has tannin in it, when dissolved with ''trivrita kwatha'' and jaggery retains its purgative effect. ''Avaleha'' (linctus) form of the drug can be preserved for longer duration. Thus the drug prepared in this form can be used as and when required.

The ''avaleha'' should be given to the patient according to his ''koshtha'' for inducing ''virechana''. [12]

The ''avaleha'' should be given to the patient according to his ''koshtha'' for inducing [[virechana]]. [12]  

Milk is mixed with ''aragwadha'' fruit pulp, it is boiled and cooled. Cream is extracted from it, by which ghee is prepared. This can be used for purgation. Other than above said method, ghee (unprocessed) can also be processed with ''aragwadha'' fruit pulp and ''amalaki'' fruit juice which may also be used to induce purgation. ''Ghrita'' prepared from the decoction of the root of ''aragwadha'' is very much useful in ''kushtha'' (As. Hr. Ch. 19/13). ''Ghrita'' like ''avaleha'' can be preserved for longer duration and can be used accordingly. Apart from this ''ghrita'' can be used as remedy in ''pitta dosha'' dominance as well ''vata dosha'' dominance where decoction may not be that much suitable.[13]

Milk is mixed with ''aragwadha'' fruit pulp, it is boiled and cooled. Cream is extracted from it, by which ghee is prepared. This can be used for purgation. Other than above said method, ghee (unprocessed) can also be processed with ''aragwadha'' fruit pulp and ''amalaki'' fruit juice which may also be used to induce purgation. ''Ghrita'' prepared from the decoction of the root of ''aragwadha'' is very much useful in ''kushtha''<ref>Vagbhata. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.19 Kushta Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 13. In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.p.4.</ref>. ''Ghrita'' like ''avaleha'' can be preserved for longer duration and can be used accordingly. Apart from this ''ghrita'' can be used as remedy in [[pitta]] [[dosha]] dominance as well [[vata]] [[dosha]] dominance where decoction may not be that much suitable.[13]

Three ''ghrita'' preparations are told here to suit the need and constitution of the individual. One with simple ''aragwadha phala majja'', other preparation to which ''amalaki'' juice is added and third being added with ''dashamoola'' and other ''virechaka dravyas''. Thus prepared ghee can be used to induce purgation. [14]

Three ''ghrita'' preparations are told here to suit the need and constitution of the individual. One with simple ''aragwadha phala majja'', other preparation to which ''amalaki'' juice is added and third being added with ''dashamoola'' and other ''virechaka dravyas''. Thus prepared ghee can be used to induce purgation. [14]

Root of ''aragwadha'' is good antipyretic as well as good purgative. Leaves of this plant is good ''saaraka'' (that increase intestinal movements). ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp with tamarind fruit pulp taken in the night helps to relieve constipation. ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp can be given even with food and article which patient desires. Foods and articles should be either sweet, pungent or salty in taste. Astringent and bitter even though patient desires should not be used as it hinders drug absorption.[16]

Root of ''aragwadha'' is good antipyretic as well as good purgative. Leaves of this plant is good ''saaraka'' (that increase intestinal movements). ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp with tamarind fruit pulp taken in the night helps to relieve constipation. ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp can be given even with food and article which patient desires. Foods and articles should be either sweet, pungent or salty in taste. Astringent and bitter even though patient desires should not be used as it hinders drug absorption.[16]

=== References ===

=== Related chapter ===

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#Karnikara(karṇikārā)- Tree/golden shower

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