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<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 8.Pharmaceutical preparations of Chaturangula'''</big>

<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 8.Pharmaceutical preparations of Chaturangula'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

 

''Chaturangula/aragwadha'' (Cassia fistula Linn.), just like ''trivrita'', is a mild purgative. The chapter deals with synonyms of ''chaturangula'', the therapeutic utility, various methods of processing of ''aragwadha'', method of administration of the pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups, other recipes of ''aragwadha''. Total twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs of the physician have been discussed in this chapter.

''Chaturangula/aragwadha'' (Cassia fistula Linn.), just like ''trivrita'', is a mild purgative. The chapter deals with synonyms of ''chaturangula'', the therapeutic utility, various methods of processing of ''aragwadha'', method of administration of the pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups, other recipes of ''aragwadha''. Total twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs of the physician have been discussed in this chapter.

'''Keywords''': ''Chaturangula, Aragwadha,'' Cassia fistula Linn.

'''Keywords''': ''Chaturangula, Aragwadha,'' Cassia fistula Linn.

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=== Introduction ===

== Introduction ==

 

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''Aragwadha'' is indigenous to India and is commonly known as ''amalataas'', it is one of the most beautiful of all tropical trees. It sheds its leaves and bursts into a mass of long, grape-bunches like yellow gold flowers. It is a tropical ornamental tree with a trunk consisting of hard reddish wood, growing up to 40 feet tall. The fruits are dark-brown cylindrical pods, 2' long, which also hold the flattish, brown seeds (up to 100 in one pod).[1] A postal stamp was issued by the Indian Postal Department to commemorate this tree.  

''Aragwadha'' is indigenous to India and is commonly known as ''amalataas'', it is one of the most beautiful of all tropical trees. It sheds its leaves and bursts into a mass of long, grape-bunches like yellow gold flowers. It is a tropical ornamental tree with a trunk consisting of hard reddish wood, growing up to 40 feet tall. The fruits are dark-brown cylindrical pods, 2' long, which also hold the flattish, brown seeds (up to 100 in one pod).[1] A postal stamp was issued by the Indian Postal Department to commemorate this tree.  

Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups and other recipes of ''aragwadha'' are explained lucidly. Drug may not be liked by individual in one form for which twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs has been discussed in this chapter.

Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups and other recipes of ''aragwadha'' are explained lucidly. Drug may not be liked by individual in one form for which twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs has been discussed in this chapter.

=== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ===

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

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अथातश्चतुरङ्गुलकल्पं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||  

अथातश्चतुरङ्गुलकल्पं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||  

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||  

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||  

athātaścaturaṅgulakalpaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||  

athātaścaturaṅgulakalpaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||  

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  

We shall now elaborate/expand the chapter dealing with the “Pharmaceutics of ''chaturangula'' (Cassia fistula Linn)”. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Now we shall expound the chapter "Chaturangula Kalpa" (Pharmaceutics of Chaturangula). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

āragvadhō rājavr̥kṣaḥ śampākaścaturaṅgulaḥ|  

आरग्वधो राजवृक्षः शम्पाकश्चतुरङ्गुलः| <br />

pragrahaḥ kr̥tamālaśca karṇikārō'vaghātakaḥ||3||  

प्रग्रहः कृतमालश्च कर्णिकारोऽवघातकः||३|| <br />

Aragvadho rAjavRukShaH shampAkashcatura~ggulaH|  

pragrahaH kRutamAlashca karNikAro~avaghAtakaH||3||  

 

Aragvadho rAjavRukShaH shampAkashcatura~ggulaH| <br />

pragrahaH kRutamAlashca karNikAro~avaghAtakaH||3|| <br />

The different names of ''chaturangula'' are as ''aragwadha'' (One which overcomes diseases), ''rajavriksha'' (royal beautiful tree), ''shampaka'' (which gives auspicious fruits), ''chaturangula'' (four ''angula'' in ''pramana''), ''pragriha'' (which seizes the disease), ''kritamala'' (flowering forms a garland), ''karnikara'' (tree/golden shower) and ''avaghatuka'' (which overcomes the diseases) are the synonyms of ''chaturangula''.[3]

The different names of ''chaturangula'' are as ''aragwadha'' (One which overcomes diseases), ''rajavriksha'' (royal beautiful tree), ''shampaka'' (which gives auspicious fruits), ''chaturangula'' (four ''angula'' in ''pramana''), ''pragriha'' (which seizes the disease), ''kritamala'' (flowering forms a garland), ''karnikara'' (tree/golden shower) and ''avaghatuka'' (which overcomes the diseases) are the synonyms of ''chaturangula''.[3]

==== Therapeutic utility of ''Chaturangula'' ====

=== Therapeutic utility of ''Chaturangula'' ===

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ज्वरहृद्रोगवातासृगुदावर्तादिरोगिषु|  

ज्वरहृद्रोगवातासृगुदावर्तादिरोगिषु| <br />

राजवृक्षोऽधिकं पथ्यो मृदुर्मधुरशीतलः||४||  

राजवृक्षोऽधिकं पथ्यो मृदुर्मधुरशीतलः||४||<br />

बाले वृद्धे क्षते क्षीणे सुकुमारे च मानवे|  

बाले वृद्धे क्षते क्षीणे सुकुमारे च मानवे| <br />

योज्यो  मृद्वनपायित्वाद्विशेषाच्चतुरङ्गुलः||५||  

योज्यो  मृद्वनपायित्वाद्विशेषाच्चतुरङ्गुलः||५|| <br />

jvarahr̥drōgavātāsr̥gudāvartādirōgiṣu|  

jvarahr̥drōgavātāsr̥gudāvartādirōgiṣu| <br />

rājavr̥kṣō'dhikaṁ pathyō mr̥durmadhuraśītalaḥ||4||  

rājavr̥kṣō'dhikaṁ pathyō mr̥durmadhuraśītalaḥ||4|| <br />

bālē vr̥ddhē kṣatē kṣīṇē sukumārē ca mānavē|  

bālē vr̥ddhē kṣatē kṣīṇē sukumārē ca mānavē| <br />

yōjyō  mr̥dvanapāyitvādviśēṣāccaturaṅgulaḥ||5||  

yōjyō  mr̥dvanapāyitvādviśēṣāccaturaṅgulaḥ||5|| <br />

jvarahRudrogavAtAsRugudAvartAdirogiShu|  

jvarahRudrogavAtAsRugudAvartAdirogiShu| <br />

rAjavRukSho~adhikaM pathyo mRudurmadhurashItalaH||4||  

rAjavRukSho~adhikaM pathyo mRudurmadhurashItalaH||4|| <br />

bAle vRuddhe kShate kShINe sukumAre ca mAnave|  

bAle vRuddhe kShate kShINe sukumAre ca mAnave| <br />

yojyo  mRudvanapAyitvAdvisheShAccatura~ggulaH||5||  

yojyo  mRudvanapAyitvAdvisheShAccatura~ggulaH||5|| <br />

*''Guna''- ''mridu''(mild), ''sheeta sheetala''(cooling effect)

*''Guna''- ''mridu''(mild), ''sheetala''(cooling effect)

*''Karma''- ''Aragwadha'' is very much beneficial to people who are suffering from diseases viz.,  

*''Karma''- ''Aragwadha'' is very much beneficial to people who are suffering from diseases viz.,  

**''Jwara'' (fever)

**''Jwara'' (fever)

**''Kshina'' (debilitated).  

**''Kshina'' (debilitated).  

The reason for this is due to its ''guna'' (attributes) and ''anapayitvata'' (harmlessness/safe).[4-5]

The reason for this is due to its ''guna'' (attributes) and ''anapayitvata''(harmlessness/safe).[4-5]

==== Processing and storage of ''aragwadha'' ====

=== Processing and storage of ''aragwadha'' ===

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फलकाले  फलं तस्य ग्राह्यं परिणतं च यत्|  

फलकाले  फलं तस्य ग्राह्यं परिणतं च यत्| <br />

तेषं गुणवतां भारं  सिकतासु निधापयेत्||६||  

तेषं गुणवतां भारं  सिकतासु निधापयेत्||६|| <br />

सप्तरात्रात् समुद्धृत्य शोषयेदातपे भिषक्|  

सप्तरात्रात् समुद्धृत्य शोषयेदातपे भिषक्| <br />

ततो मज्जानमुद्धृत्य शुचौ भाण्डे निधापयेत्||७||

ततो मज्जानमुद्धृत्य शुचौ भाण्डे निधापयेत्||७||<br />

phalakālē  phalaṁ tasya grāhyaṁ pariṇataṁ ca yat|  

phalakālē  phalaṁ tasya grāhyaṁ pariṇataṁ ca yat|<br />

tēṣaṁ guṇavatāṁ bhāraṁ  sikatāsu nidhāpayēt||6||  

tēṣaṁ guṇavatāṁ bhāraṁ  sikatāsu nidhāpayēt||6|| <br />

saptarātrāt samuddhr̥tya śōṣayēdātapē bhiṣak|  

saptarātrāt samuddhr̥tya śōṣayēdātapē bhiṣak| <br />

tatō majjānamuddhr̥tya śucau bhāṇḍē nidhāpayēt||7||  

tatō majjānamuddhr̥tya śucau bhāṇḍē nidhāpayēt||7|| <br />

phalakAle phalaM tasya grAhyaM pariNataM ca yat|  

phalakAle phalaM tasya grAhyaM pariNataM ca yat| <br />

teShaM guNavatAM bhAraM  sikatAsu nidhApayet||6||  

teShaM guNavatAM bhAraM  sikatAsu nidhApayet||6|| <br />

saptarAtrAt samuddhRutya shoShayedAtape bhiShak|  

saptarAtrAt samuddhRutya shoShayedAtape bhiShak| <br />

tato majjAnamuddhRutya shucau bhANDe nidhApayet||7||

tato majjAnamuddhRutya shucau bhANDe nidhApayet||7||<br />

   

   

*''Aragwadha'' fruits that are mature are collected by an intelligent physician at an appropriate season.

*''Aragwadha'' fruits that are mature are collected by an intelligent physician at an appropriate season.

*The fruits when dried, the pulp is taken out and stored in clean containers.[6-7]

*The fruits when dried, the pulp is taken out and stored in clean containers.[6-7]

==== Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' ====

=== Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' ===

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द्राक्षारसयुतं दद्याद्दाहोदावर्तपीडिते|  

द्राक्षारसयुतं दद्याद्दाहोदावर्तपीडिते| <br />

चतुर्वर्षमुखे बाले यावद्द्वादशवार्षिके||८||  

चतुर्वर्षमुखे बाले यावद्द्वादशवार्षिके||८|| <br />

चतुरङ्गुलमज्ज्ञस्तु प्रसृतं वाऽथवाऽञ्जलिम्|९|

चतुरङ्गुलमज्ज्ञस्तु प्रसृतं वाऽथवाऽञ्जलिम्|९|<br />

drākṣārasayutaṁ dadyāddāhōdāvartapīḍitē|  

drākṣārasayutaṁ dadyāddāhōdāvartapīḍitē| <br />

caturvarṣamukhē bālē yāvaddvādaśavārṣikē||8||  

caturvarṣamukhē bālē yāvaddvādaśavārṣikē||8|| <br />

caturaṅgulamajjñastu prasr̥taṁ vā'thavā'ñjalim|9|  

caturaṅgulamajjñastu prasr̥taṁ vā'thavā'ñjalim|9| <br />

drAkShArasayutaM dadyAddAhodAvartapIDite|  

drAkShArasayutaM dadyAddAhodAvartapIDite| <br />

caturvarShamukhe bAle yAvaddvAdashavArShike||8||  

caturvarShamukhe bAle yAvaddvAdashavArShike||8|| <br />

catura~ggulamajj~jastu prasRutaM vA~athavA~a~jjalim|9|

catura~ggulamajj~jastu prasRutaM vA~athavA~a~jjalim|9| <br />

In Children- The ''aragwadha phala majja'' is soaked in grape juice or ''kwatha''(decoction)

Children (between age group of 4 years to 12 years) who are suffering from daha (burning sensation) and udawarta (upward movement of vata in abdomen) should be administered Aragwadha (fruit pulp) mixed with draksha rasa (juice/decoction). The dosage of fruit pulp may be either one prasruta(2 pala = 96 gram) or one anjali ( 4 pala=192 gram).

Age group Sufferring from Amount Anupana

Between 4-12yrs Daha(burning sensation) 1 Prastha(48g) Draksha rasa (grape juice)

Udavarta(upward movement of Vata in the abdomen) 1 Anjali(96g)

Specific age mentioned here indicates that this recipe should not be given to the patients below four years and above twelve years of age.[8-8½]

Note: Specific age mentioned here indicates that this recipe should not be given to the patients below four years and above twelve years of age.[8-8½]

==== Other Recipes of ''aragwadha'' (''chaturangula'') ====

=== Other Recipes of ''aragwadha'' (''chaturangula'') ===

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सुरामण्डेन संयुक्तमथवा कोलसीधुना||९||  

सुरामण्डेन संयुक्तमथवा कोलसीधुना||९|| <br />

दधिमण्डेन वा युक्तं  रसेनामलकस्य वा|  

दधिमण्डेन वा युक्तं  रसेनामलकस्य वा| <br />

कृत्वा शीतकषायं तं  पिबेत् सौवीरकेण वा||१०||

कृत्वा शीतकषायं तं  पिबेत् सौवीरकेण वा||१०||<br />

surāmaṇḍēna saṁyuktamathavā kōlasīdhunā||9||  

surāmaṇḍēna saṁyuktamathavā kōlasīdhunā||9|| <br />

dadhimaṇḍēna vā yuktaṁ rasēnāmalakasya vā|  

dadhimaṇḍēna vā yuktaṁ rasēnāmalakasya vā| <br />

kr̥tvā śītakaṣāyaṁ taṁ  pibēt sauvīrakēṇa vā||10||  

kr̥tvā śītakaṣāyaṁ taṁ  pibēt sauvīrakēṇa vā||10|| <br />

surAmaNDena saMyuktamathavA kolasIdhunA||9||  

surAmaNDena saMyuktamathavA kolasIdhunA||9|| <br />

dadhimaNDena vA yuktaM  rasenAmalakasya vA|  

dadhimaNDena vA yuktaM  rasenAmalakasya vA| <br />

kRutvA shItakaShAyaM taM  pibet sauvIrakeNa vA||10||  

kRutvA shItakaShAyaM taM  pibet sauvIrakeNa vA||10|| <br />

Recipes of Aragwadha Given With adjuants

Aragwadha (fruit pulp) in a dose of 2 pala to 4 pala to be taken with anupana (adjuvants) namely Suramanda (supernatent fluid of sura a type of alcoholic drink), Kola sidhu (A type of wine prepared from jujube fruit), Dadhi Manda (whey) and Amalaki swarasa(fresh juice of gooseberries). The Sheeta kashaya (cold infusion) of Aragwadha fruit pulp with Sauviraka (A type of vinegar) can be consumed. These combinations can be as according to the taste and likes of the patient or his disease pathology.[9-10]

Sheeta Kashaya  (cold infusion) of the pulp Suramanda (supernatent fluid of sura a type of alcoholic drink)

Kola sidhu (A type of wine prepared from jujube fruit)

Dadhi Manda (whey)  

Amalaki swarasa(fresh juice of gooseberiies)  

Sauviraka (A type of vinegar)

These combinations can be as according to the taste and likes of the patient or his disease pathology.[9-10]

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त्रिवृतो वा कषायेण मज्ज्ञः कल्कं तथा पिबेत्|  

trivr̥tō vā kaṣāyēṇa majjñaḥ kalkaṁ tathā pibēt| <br />

तथा बिल्वकषायेण लवणक्षौद्रसंयुतम्||११||  

tathā bilvakaṣāyēṇa lavaṇakṣaudrasaṁyutam||11|| <br />

trivRuto  vA kaShAyeNa majj~jaH kalkaM tathA pibet| <br />

tathA bilvakaShAyeNa lavaNakShaudrasaMyutam||11|| <br />

 

trivRuto  vA kaShAyeNa majj~jaH kalkaM tathA pibet|  

tathA bilvakaShAyeNa lavaNakShaudrasaMyutam||11||  

Paste(kalka) of the pulp Addition with decoction of ''trivrita'' (decoction of Operculina turpethum) or ''bilva kashaya'' (decoction of Aegle marmelos) and addition of ''lavana'' (rock salt) and ''kshoudra'' (honey) [11]

Paste(kalka) of the pulp Addition with decoction of ''trivrita'' (decoction of Operculina turpethum) or ''bilva kashaya'' (decoction of Aegle marmelos) and addition of ''lavana'' (rock salt) and ''kshoudra'' (honey) [11]

कषायेणाथवा तस्य त्रिवृच्चूर्णं गुडान्वितम्|  

कषायेणाथवा तस्य त्रिवृच्चूर्णं गुडान्वितम्| <br />

साधयित्वा शनैर्लेहं लेहयेन्मात्रया नरम्||१२||  

साधयित्वा शनैर्लेहं लेहयेन्मात्रया नरम्||१२|| <br />

kaṣāyēṇāthavā tasya trivr̥ccūrṇaṁ guḍānvitam|  

kaṣāyēṇāthavā tasya trivr̥ccūrṇaṁ guḍānvitam| <br />

sādhayitvā śanairlēhaṁ lēhayēnmātrayā naram||12||  

sādhayitvā śanairlēhaṁ lēhayēnmātrayā naram||12|| <br />

kaShAyeNAthavA tasya trivRuccUrNaM guDAnvitam|  

kaShAyeNAthavA tasya trivRuccUrNaM guDAnvitam| <br />

sAdhayitvA shanairlehaM lehayenmAtrayA naram||12||  

sAdhayitvA shanairlehaM lehayenmAtrayA naram||12|| <br />

''Avaleha'' (linctus) of ''kashaya'' of ''aragwadha kashaya'' of ''aragwadha'' is dissolved in four parts of ''trivrita kwatha'' (decoction of Operculina turpethum). To this twice the amount of jaggery is added and heated on mild flame till it attains semisolid consistency.[12]

''Avaleha'' (linctus) of ''kashaya'' of ''aragwadha kashaya'' of ''aragwadha'' is dissolved in four parts of ''trivrita kwatha'' (decoction of Operculina turpethum). To this twice the amount of jaggery is added and heated on mild flame till it attains semisolid consistency.[12]

चतुरङ्गुलसिद्धाद्वा क्षीराद्यदुदियाद्घृतम्|  

चतुरङ्गुलसिद्धाद्वा क्षीराद्यदुदियाद्घृतम्| <br />

मज्ज्ञः कल्केन धात्रीणां रसे तत्साधितं पिबेत्||१३||  

मज्ज्ञः कल्केन धात्रीणां रसे तत्साधितं पिबेत्||१३|| <br />

caturaṅgulasiddhādvā kṣīrādyadudiyādghr̥tam|  

caturaṅgulasiddhādvā kṣīrādyadudiyādghr̥tam| <br />

majjñaḥ kalkēna dhātrīṇāṁ rasē tatsādhitaṁ pibēt||13|

majjñaḥ kalkēna dhātrīṇāṁ rasē tatsādhitaṁ pibēt||13| <br />

catura~ggulasiddhAdvA kShIrAdyadudiyAdghRutam|  

catura~ggulasiddhAdvA kShIrAdyadudiyAdghRutam| <br />

majj~jaH kalkena dhAtrINAM rase tatsAdhitaM pibet||13||  

majj~jaH kalkena dhAtrINAM rase tatsAdhitaM pibet||13|| <br />

''Ghrita'' (ghee)- Milk is processed with ''aragwadha phala majja''; this milk is boiled and from the cream of this, ghee is prepared. Addition of ''aragwadha phala majja'' and ''amalaki''(Emblica officinalis) juice. Processed and given to the patients as and when required.[13]

''Ghrita'' (ghee)- Milk is processed with ''aragwadha phala majja''; this milk is boiled and from the cream of this, ghee is prepared. Addition of ''aragwadha phala majja'' and ''amalaki''(Emblica officinalis) juice. Processed and given to the patients as and when required.[13]

तदेव दशमूलस्य कुलत्थानां यवस्य च|  

तदेव दशमूलस्य कुलत्थानां यवस्य च| <br />

कषाये साधितं सर्पिः कल्कैः श्यामादिभिः पिबेत्||१४||  

कषाये साधितं सर्पिः कल्कैः श्यामादिभिः पिबेत्||१४|| <br />

tadēva daśamūlasya kulatthānāṁ yavasya ca|  

tadēva daśamūlasya kulatthānāṁ yavasya ca| <br />

kaṣāyē sādhitaṁ sarpiḥ kalkaiḥ śyāmādibhiḥ pibēt||14||  

kaṣāyē sādhitaṁ sarpiḥ kalkaiḥ śyāmādibhiḥ pibēt||14|| <br />

tadeva dashamUlasya kulatthAnAM yavasya ca|  

tadeva dashamUlasya kulatthAnAM yavasya ca| <br />

kaShAye sAdhitaM sarpiH kalkaiH shyAmAdibhiH pibet||14||  

kaShAye sAdhitaM sarpiH kalkaiH shyAmAdibhiH pibet||14|| <br />

''Ghrita'' (ghee)-To the ghee add ''dashamoola''(ten medicinal roots) decoction, ''kulattha'' (Dolichos biflora) decoction and ''yava kwatha'' (Hordeum vulgare) and add paste of ''shyama trivrita''(Operculina turpethum), ''aragwadha'' (Casia fistula), ''tilvaka'' (Symplocos racemosa), ''snuhi'' (Euphorbia tirucauli), ''saptala, shankhini, danti'' (Baliospermum montanum), ''dravanti''(jatropa sp). in one fourth quantity and it is processed. [14]

''Ghrita'' (ghee)-To the ghee add ''dashamoola''(ten medicinal roots) decoction, ''kulattha'' (Dolichos biflora) decoction and ''yava kwatha'' (Hordeum vulgare) and add paste of ''shyama trivrita''(Operculina turpethum), ''aragwadha'' (Casia fistula), ''tilvaka'' (Symplocos racemosa), ''snuhi'' (Euphorbia tirucauli), ''saptala, shankhini, danti'' (Baliospermum montanum), ''dravanti''(jatropa sp). in one fourth quantity and it is processed. [14]

दन्तीक्वाथेऽञ्जलिं मज्ज्ञाः शम्पाकस्य गुडस्य च|  

दन्तीक्वाथेऽञ्जलिं मज्ज्ञाः शम्पाकस्य गुडस्य च| <br />

दत्त्वा मासार्धमासस्थमरिष्टं पाययेत  च||१५||  

दत्त्वा मासार्धमासस्थमरिष्टं पाययेत  च||१५|| <br />

dantīkvāthē'ñjaliṁ majjñāḥ śampākasya guḍasya ca|  

dantīkvāthē'ñjaliṁ majjñāḥ śampākasya guḍasya ca| <br />

dattvā māsārdhamāsasthamariṣṭaṁ pāyayēta  ca||15||  

dattvā māsārdhamāsasthamariṣṭaṁ pāyayēta  ca||15|| <br />

dantIkvAthe~a~jjaliM majj~jAH shampAkasya guDasya ca|  

dantIkvAthe~a~jjaliM majj~jAH shampAkasya guDasya ca| <br />

dattvA mAsArdhamAsasthamariShTaM pAyayeta  ca||15||  

dattvA mAsArdhamAsasthamariShTaM pAyayeta  ca||15|| <br />

''Arishta''- Pulp of ''aragwadha'' 96g is added with ''danti kwatha''. To this jaggery is added and then fermented in a vessel which is previously oleated with ghee for one and half month. [15]

''Arishta''- Pulp of ''aragwadha'' 96g is added with ''danti kwatha''. To this jaggery is added and then fermented in a vessel which is previously oleated with ghee for one and half months. [15]

यस्य यत् पानमन्नं  च हृद्यं स्वाद्वथ वा कटु|  

यस्य यत् पानमन्नं  च हृद्यं स्वाद्वथ वा कटु| <br />

लवणं वा भवेत्तेन युक्तं दद्याद्विरेचनम्||१६||  

लवणं वा भवेत्तेन युक्तं दद्याद्विरेचनम्||१६|| <br />

yasya yat pānamannaṁ  ca hr̥dyaṁ svādvatha vā kaṭu|  

yasya yat pānamannaṁ  ca hr̥dyaṁ svādvatha vā kaṭu| <br />

lavaṇaṁ vā bhavēttēna yuktaṁ dadyādvirēcanam||16||  

lavaṇaṁ vā bhavēttēna yuktaṁ dadyādvirēcanam||16|| <br />

yasya yat pAnamannaM  ca hRudyaM svAdvatha vA kaTu|  

yasya yat pAnamannaM  ca hRudyaM svAdvatha vA kaTu| <br />

lavaNaM vA bhavettena yuktaM dadyAdvirecanam||16||  

lavaNaM vA bhavettena yuktaM dadyAdvirecanam||16|| <br />

Food and drinks - Pulp of ''aragwadha''. Is added to sweet (''swadu''), pungent (''katu''), and lavana (salt) food articles.[16]

Food and drinks - Pulp of ''aragwadha''. Is added to sweet (''swadu''), pungent (''katu''), and lavana (salt) food articles.[16]

The tastes are as such chosen and added so that they are ''hridya'' or pleasing to the heart of the patient.

The tastes are as such chosen and added so that they are ''hridya'' or pleasing to the heart of the patient.

==== Summary ====

=== Summary ===

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

तत्र श्लोकाः  

तत्र श्लोकाः <br />

द्राक्षारसे सुरासीध्वोर्दध्नि चामलकीरसे|  

द्राक्षारसे सुरासीध्वोर्दध्नि चामलकीरसे| <br />

सौवीरके कषाये च त्रिवृतो बिल्वकस्य  च||१७||  

सौवीरके कषाये च त्रिवृतो बिल्वकस्य  च||१७|| <br />

लेहेऽरिष्टे घृते द्वे च योगा द्वादश कीर्तिताः|  

लेहेऽरिष्टे घृते द्वे च योगा द्वादश कीर्तिताः| <br />

चतुरङ्गुलकल्पेऽस्मिन् सुकुमाराः सुखोदयाः||१८||  

चतुरङ्गुलकल्पेऽस्मिन् सुकुमाराः सुखोदयाः||१८|| <br />

tatra ślōkāḥ  

tatra ślōkāḥ <br />

drākṣārasē surāsīdhvōrdadhni cāmalakīrasē|  

drākṣārasē surāsīdhvōrdadhni cāmalakīrasē| <br />

sauvīrakē kaṣāyē ca trivr̥tō bilvakasya  ca||17||  

sauvīrakē kaṣāyē ca trivr̥tō bilvakasya  ca||17|| <br />

lēhē'riṣṭē ghr̥tē dvē ca yōgā dvādaśa kīrtitāḥ|  

lēhē'riṣṭē ghr̥tē dvē ca yōgā dvādaśa kīrtitāḥ| <br />

caturaṅgulakalpē'smin sukumārāḥ sukhōdayāḥ||18||  

caturaṅgulakalpē'smin sukumārāḥ sukhōdayāḥ||18|| <br />

tatra shlokAH  

tatra shlokAH <br />

drAkShArase surAsIdhvordadhni cAmalakIrase|  

drAkShArase surAsIdhvordadhni cAmalakIrase|  

lehe~ariShTe ghRute dve ca yogA dvAdasha kIrtitAH|  

lehe~ariShTe ghRute dve ca yogA dvAdasha kIrtitAH|  

catura~ggulakalpe~asmin sukumArAH sukhodayAH||18||  

catura~ggulakalpe~asmin sukumArAH sukhodayAH||18||  

To sum up:

To sum up:

Thus, ends the eighth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] which deals with Pharmaceutics of ''chaturangula'' in Agnivesha’s work which is redacted by Charaka, supplemented by Dridabala, due to non availability of further contents.

Thus, ends the eighth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] which deals with Pharmaceutics of ''chaturangula'' in Agnivesha’s work which is redacted by Charaka, supplemented by Dridabala, due to non availability of further contents.

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles===

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

*''Chaturangula'' is mild purgative in nature and is safe to be used in children, aged and tender persons.

*''Chaturangula'' is mild purgative in nature and is safe to be used in children, aged and tender persons.

*Mainly the fruit pulp of ''chaturangula'' is used for purgative action.

*Mainly the fruit pulp of ''chaturangula'' is used for purgative action.

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences===

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

==== Pharmacological profile of ''Aragvadha'' ====

=== Pharmacological profile of ''Aragvadha'' ===

There are many Cassia species worldwide, which is used in herbal medicine systems. This particular family of plants is used widely for their laxative actions. Cassia fistula Linn. is no exception. It is often used as a highly effective moderate laxative that is safe even for children. However, in large doses, the leaves and bark can cause vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and cramps. Cassia fistula Linn. is also employed as a remedy for tumors of the abdomen, glands, liver, stomach, and throat, for burns, cancer, constipation, convulsions, delirium, diarrhea, dysuria, epilepsy, gravel, hematuria, pimples, and glandular tumors. The seeds are attributed with antibilious, carminative, and laxative properties while the root is used for adenopathy, burning sensations, leprosy, skin diseases, syphilis, and tubercular glands. The leaves are used in erysipelas, malaria, rheumatism, and ulcers. In Brazilian herbal medicine, the seeds are used as a laxative and the leaves and/or bark is used for pain and inflammation. Various laboratory studies report that ''aragwadha'' has evidenced antioxidant, hypoglycemic, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, antibacterial, antifungal, anticandidal activity, antiviral, laxative, liver protective, mild estrogenic, antitumorous, cholesterol lowering, pain relieving, and fever reducing actions. [3]

There are many Cassia species worldwide, which is used in herbal medicine systems. This particular family of plants is used widely for their laxative actions. Cassia fistula Linn. is no exception. It is often used as a highly effective moderate laxative that is safe even for children. However, in large doses, the leaves and bark can cause vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and cramps. Cassia fistula Linn. is also employed as a remedy for tumors of the abdomen, glands, liver, stomach, and throat, for burns, cancer, constipation, convulsions, delirium, diarrhea, dysuria, epilepsy, gravel, hematuria, pimples, and glandular tumors. The seeds are attributed with antibilious, carminative, and laxative properties while the root is used for adenopathy, burning sensations, leprosy, skin diseases, syphilis, and tubercular glands. The leaves are used in erysipelas, malaria, rheumatism, and ulcers. In Brazilian herbal medicine, the seeds are used as a laxative and the leaves and/or bark is used for pain and inflammation. Various laboratory studies report that ''aragwadha'' has evidenced antioxidant, hypoglycemic, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, antibacterial, antifungal, anticandidal activity, antiviral, laxative, liver protective, mild estrogenic, antitumorous, cholesterol lowering, pain relieving, and fever reducing actions. [3]

Pulp of pod contains anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A & B rhein and its glucoside, barbloin, aloin, formic acid, butyric acid, their ethylesters and oxalic acid. Presence of pectin and tannin are also reported. Seed gave galactomannan free sugard and free aminoacids, extract laxative, carminative, cooling and antipyretic. Flowers give free rein to its glycosides Sennosides A & B.[4]

Pulp of pod contains anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A & B rhein and its glucoside, barbloin, aloin, formic acid, butyric acid, their ethylesters and oxalic acid. Presence of pectin and tannin are also reported. Seed gave galactomannan free sugard and free aminoacids, extract laxative, carminative, cooling and antipyretic. Flowers give free rein to its glycosides Sennosides A & B.[4]

==== Synonyms ====

=== Synonyms ===

The synonyms play an important role in correct identification of the plant. Apart from the above mentioned synonymns, nighantus (lexicons) suggests names like ''suvarnaka'' (beautiful tree), ''dirghaphala'' (one which has long fruits), ''naradipa, apaghataka, swarnahu'' are the few names of the plant. [5] In Rajanighantu under ''prabhadradi varga'' mentions few more synonymns such as ''nripadhruma, rajataru, aruna, karnabharanaka'' and ''maharajadhruma''.[6]

The synonyms play an important role in correct identification of the plant. Apart from the above mentioned synonymns, nighantus (lexicons) suggests names like ''suvarnaka'' (beautiful tree), ''dirghaphala'' (one which has long fruits), ''naradipa, apaghataka, swarnahu'' are the few names of the plant. [5] In Rajanighantu under ''prabhadradi varga'' mentions few more synonymns such as ''nripadhruma, rajataru, aruna, karnabharanaka'' and ''maharajadhruma''.[6]

''Karnikara'' has been considered as synonym by Charaka but in Dhanwantari Nighantu it is considered as separate drug. [3]

''Karnikara'' has been considered as synonym by Charaka but in Dhanwantari Nighantu it is considered as separate drug. [3]

==== Properties and formulations ====

=== Properties and formulations ===

''Aragwadha'' is ''mridu'' (soft) in ''guna'' (heavy), bitter and sweet in taste and ''madhura'' (sweet) in ''vipaka'' due to which it is very safe to be used in ''bala'' (children), ''vriddha'' (aged), ''sukumara'' (delicate constitution) and ''urakshata'' (injuries to chest) as well as in ''kshina'' (debilitated) too. [7][4-5]

''Aragwadha'' is ''mridu'' (soft) in ''guna'' (heavy), bitter and sweet in taste and ''madhura'' (sweet) in ''vipaka'' due to which it is very safe to be used in ''bala'' (children), ''vriddha'' (aged), ''sukumara'' (delicate constitution) and ''urakshata'' (injuries to chest) as well as in ''kshina'' (debilitated) too. [7][4-5]

''Arishta'' (medicated wine) can be preserved for longer duration. It is easy to administer too. Those who can tolerate ''aragwadha'' in ''arishta'' form can be administered with the above said preparation. Preparation of ''aragwadha'' in ''arishta'' (medicated wine) form can be given to patients to induce purgation. [15]

''Arishta'' (medicated wine) can be preserved for longer duration. It is easy to administer too. Those who can tolerate ''aragwadha'' in ''arishta'' form can be administered with the above said preparation. Preparation of ''aragwadha'' in ''arishta'' (medicated wine) form can be given to patients to induce purgation. [15]

Root of ''aragwadha'' is good antipyretic as well as good purgative. Leaves of this plant is good ''saaraka'' (that increase intestinal movements). ''Gulakand'' (Preparation from rose flowers) is useful in mild natured persons in constipation. ''Gulakand'' may be taken as food supplement along with milk at night in chronic constipation. ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp with tamarind fruit pulp taken in the night helps to relieve constipation. ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp can be given even with food and article which patient desires. Foods and articles should be either sweet, pungent or salty in taste. Astringent and bitter even though patient desires should not be used as it hinders drug absorption.[16]

Root of ''aragwadha'' is good antipyretic as well as good purgative. Leaves of this plant is good ''saaraka'' (that increase intestinal movements). ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp with tamarind fruit pulp taken in the night helps to relieve constipation. ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp can be given even with food and article which patient desires. Foods and articles should be either sweet, pungent or salty in taste. Astringent and bitter even though patient desires should not be used as it hinders drug absorption.[16]

=== References ===

=== Further reading ===

#K Nishteshwar, Text book of DravyaGuna, Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashan, Varanasi, First Edition 2007, p.no 212

#K Nishteshwar, Text book of DravyaGuna, Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashan, Varanasi, First Edition 2007, p.no 212

#R K Sharma, Bhagwan Das, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Vol III, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series,2009P.No 541(Ch Chi 13/69-70)

#R K Sharma, Bhagwan Das, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Vol III, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series,2009P.No 541(Ch Chi 13/69-70)

=== Glossary ===

=== Related chapter ===

 

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#Karnikara(karṇikārā)- Tree/golden shower

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