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<p style='text-align:justify;'>The term bhutagni (also spelled as ‘bhootagni’) is derived from two words: bhuta and agni and the word bhuta indicates five fundamental elements ([[mahabhuta]]). [[Agni]] means the factors responsible for digestion and metabolism. The human body is formed from five primordial elements. It naturally needs food for all these elements growth and development. Each of these elements needs bhutagni for their digestion and absorption. For example food containing parthiva part (earth element) is digested by parthivagni (bhutagni, which outlines [[prithvi]] elements of the food). Bhutagni is present in the gastrointestinal tract at the level of tissues in respective channels. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/12-14]
The term bhutagni (also spelled as ‘bhootagni’) is derived from two words: bhuta and agni and the word bhuta indicates five fundamental elements ([[mahabhuta]]). [[Agni]] means the factors responsible for digestion and metabolism. The human body is formed from five primordial elements. It naturally needs food for all these elements growth and development. Each of these elements needs bhutagni for their digestion and absorption. For example food containing parthiva part (earth element) is digested by parthivagni (bhutagni, which outlines [[prithvi]] elements of the food). Bhutagni is present in the gastrointestinal tract at the level of tissues in respective channels. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/12-14]
<br/>Bhutagni is present in a fundamental element ([[mahabhuta]]). Each cell (dhatu paramanu) consists of these five fundamental elements ([[panchamahabhuta]]). All the nutrients we eat also consist of the same five elements with their respective [[agni]]. Five bhutagni digest their part of the element present in the food materials. After the digestion of food by bhutagni, digested materials containing elements and qualities similar to each bhuta nourish its bhautika element of the body. This article describes the actions of bhutagni, its role in digestion and metabolism.
Bhutagni is present in a fundamental element ([[mahabhuta]]). Each cell (dhatu paramanu) consists of these five fundamental elements ([[panchamahabhuta]]). All the nutrients we eat also consist of the same five elements with their respective [[agni]]. Five bhutagni digest their part of the element present in the food materials. After the digestion of food by bhutagni, digested materials containing elements and qualities similar to each bhuta nourish its bhautika element of the body. This article describes the actions of bhutagni, its role in digestion and metabolism.
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{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|label3 = Reviewer
|label3 = Reviewer
|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>2</sup>
|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]<sup>2</sup>
|label4 = Editor
|label4 = Editor
|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>3</sup>
|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>3</sup>
|label5 = Affiliations
|label5 = Affiliations
|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Kriya Sharira, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India
|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Kriya Sharira, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India.
<sup>2</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
<sup>2</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
<sup>3</sup>Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India
<sup>3</sup>Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India
All the organisms are composed of five [[mahabhuta]], and the food of a living being, necessarily partakes the qualities of its human components. The food, which consists of five [[mahabhuta]] is digested by the five bhutagni. Each principle proceeds to augment its homolog in the human organism. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 46/526]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>
All the organisms are composed of five [[mahabhuta]], and the food of a living being, necessarily partakes the qualities of its human components. The food, which consists of five [[mahabhuta]] is digested by the five bhutagni. Each principle proceeds to augment its homolog in the human organism. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 46/526]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>
These events occur after the ingested food has been suitably dealt with in jatharagnipaka, reducing the basic foodstuff into their elemental forms.[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/13]
These events occur after the ingested food has been suitably dealt with in digestive fire (jatharagnipaka), reducing the basic foodstuff into their elemental forms.[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/13]
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==Location==
==Location==
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==Process / stages of bhutagnipaka:==
==Process / stages of bhutagnipaka==
[[Ahara]] represents six tastes (shadrasa) in proper proportion (balanced diet).
Stage 1: Madhura bhava - (Urdhava amashaya or stomach in the fundus – starch digestion)
==Mode of action of bhutagni:==
Stage 2: Amla bhava - (Urdhava amashaya in the body or pylorus of the stomach - protein digestion - formation of the peptones and acidified chyme)
Pachakagni (jatharagni) acts upon it. Passage of the gastric digest (acidified chyme) to adha amasaya (ksudranta) resulting in the discharge, in this place of acchapitta and its action on chyme. This results in the separation as Sara and Kitta. Sara representing the ultimate elemental forms of the food ingested. Described on the basis of their physicochemical qualities (vijatiya). Formation of Kitta happens in pakvashaya where separation of substances meant to be eliminated through urine (mutra), stools (purisha) take place. Formation of mala rupa vayu with pungent and disagreable odour and the production of substances required for the five vayus (pindikarana)
==Mode of action of bhutagni==
All sense and motor organs ([[indriya]]) and mind ([[manas]]) are evolved from [[panchamahabhuta]]. The bhutagni is responsible for digestion and replenishing their corresponding substances with the attributes of smell, taste, radiance, touch, and sound, respectively. Thus bhutagni acts on nourishment of their corresponding [[indriya]], too. Bhutagni, nourishes its respective [[guna]] in the body. The smell, taste, sound, touch, and feeling of the food nourishes repective [[indriya]] in the [[purusha]].
All sense and motor organs ([[indriya]]) and mind ([[manas]]) are evolved from [[panchamahabhuta]]. The bhutagni is responsible for digestion and replenishing their corresponding substances with the attributes of smell, taste, radiance, touch, and sound, respectively. Thus bhutagni acts on nourishment of their corresponding [[indriya]], too. Bhutagni, nourishes its respective [[guna]] in the body. The smell, taste, sound, touch, and feeling of the food nourishes repective [[indriya]] in the [[purusha]].
*For replenishment of [[guna]] in the body
*For replenishment of [[guna]] in the body
Bhutagni is required for the third stage of digestion, which forms unique material for the sense organs. Five bhutagni exist for taking the five elements portion of the digested food mass and converting them into nourishing substances for the five sense organs. Some of these specialized materials are the rods and cones responsible for photosensitivity in the eye, special liquids around the taste buds on the tongue, the mucus membrane material inside the nose that aids in smell, and special cartilage forming the architecture of the ear. Such substances specific to each sense organ are prepared by bhutagni. [Cha.Sa.[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/3-4, 12-14]
Bhutagni is required for the third stage of digestion, which forms unique material for the sense organs. Five bhutagni exist for taking the five elements portion of the digested food mass and converting them into nourishing substances for the five sense organs. Some of these specialized materials are the rods and cones responsible for photosensitivity in the eye, special liquids around the taste buds on the tongue, the mucus membrane material inside the nose that aids in smell, and special cartilage forming the architecture of the ear. Such substances specific to each sense organ are prepared by bhutagni. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/3-4, 12-14]
==Contemporary approach==
==Contemporary approach==
Bhutagnipaka functions start immediately after absorption i.e. portal circulation to liver. It ends before assimilation by delivering transient nourishing components (asthayidhatwamasha) into the circulation through hepatic vein. So, bhutagni functions are carried in the portal, liver, and vascular systems. Nutrient fluid (ahara rasa) is circulated in the body to nourish the body components ([[dhatu]]). Hence liver is considered the center of bhutagnivyapara.
Bhutagnipaka functions start immediately after absorption i.e. portal circulation to liver. It ends before assimilation by delivering transient nourishing components (asthayidhatwamasha) into the circulation through hepatic vein. So, bhutagni functions are carried in the portal, liver, and vascular systems. Nutrient fluid (ahara rasa) is circulated in the body to nourish the body components ([[dhatu]]). Hence liver is considered the center of action of bhutagni (bhutagnivyapara).
==Recent researches==
==Recent researches==