Changes

Diseases caused due to unwholesome contact with senses. For example: ''atiyoga'' of the hearing, caused by exposure to excessively loud sounds, rough noise, terrifying noise, etc. may lead to hearing impairment. ''Atiyoga'' or ''mithyayoga'' of the eyes could be caused due to excessive exposure to bright light, or working for long hours in front of computers, etc., could lead to  blindness. ''Atiyoga'' of sense of touch may result in diseases ranging from mild burns due to touching excessively hot objects, to amputation of limbs or death due to frostbite (when exposed to extreme cold), etc. Specific examples of ''mithyayoga'' of touch mentioned in the text include ''vishyukta vayu sparsha'', or exposure to toxic, poisonous vapors or air that could cause burns.

Diseases caused due to unwholesome contact with senses. For example: ''atiyoga'' of the hearing, caused by exposure to excessively loud sounds, rough noise, terrifying noise, etc. may lead to hearing impairment. ''Atiyoga'' or ''mithyayoga'' of the eyes could be caused due to excessive exposure to bright light, or working for long hours in front of computers, etc., could lead to  blindness. ''Atiyoga'' of sense of touch may result in diseases ranging from mild burns due to touching excessively hot objects, to amputation of limbs or death due to frostbite (when exposed to extreme cold), etc. Specific examples of ''mithyayoga'' of touch mentioned in the text include ''vishyukta vayu sparsha'', or exposure to toxic, poisonous vapors or air that could cause burns.

==== Three classes of roga (diseases) ====

==== Three classes of ''roga'' (diseases) ====

Classification of diseases helps in the process of diagnosis and the subsequent courses of treatment selected. In this particular chapter, diseases are classified by its underlying cause: nija (endogenous cause), agantuja (exogenous cause), and manas (psychological). Sharira (body) and manas (mind) are the ashraya (refuge, or home) of the diseases (Ch. Su.1/55).   

Classification of diseases helps in the process of diagnosis and the subsequent courses of treatment selected. In this particular chapter, diseases are classified by its underlying cause: ''nija'' (endogenous cause), ''agantuja'' (exogenous cause), and ''manas'' (psychological). ''Sharira'' (body) and ''manas'' (mind) are the ''ashraya'' (refuge, or home) of the diseases (Ch. Su.1/55).   

Apart from this classification, diseases are classified in various other ways. For instance, in the preceding chapter, diseases have been classified broadly as sadhya (curable) and asadhya (incurable). The sadhya diseases have been further classified into sukha sadhya (easily curable) and kruccha sadhya (curable with difficulty), while the asadhya have been classified into yapya (palliable) and anupakrama (non-treatable). Sadhya vyadhis have also been classified into alpa upaya sadhya (curable with mild treatment), madhya upaya sadhya (curable with moderate treatment) and utkrustta upaya sadhya (curable with aggressive treatment modalities).

Apart from this classification, diseases are classified in various other ways. For instance, in the preceding chapter, diseases have been classified broadly as ''sadhya'' (curable) and ''asadhya'' (incurable). The sadhya diseases have been further classified into ''sukha sadhya'' (easily curable) and ''kriccha sadhya'' (curable with difficulty), while the ''asadhya'' have been classified into ''yapya'' (palliable) and ''anupakrama'' (non-treatable). ''Sadhya vyadhis'' have also been classified into ''alpa upaya sadhya'' (curable with mild treatment), ''madhya upaya sadhya'' (curable with moderate treatment) and ''utkristta upaya sadhya'' (curable with aggressive treatment modalities).

The [[Charaka Samhita]] also provides classifications and counts of diseases by the organs afflicted or their causative factors. For example, in Sutra Sthana Chapter 19 (Astodariyadhyaya), a count of all disease systems has been provided (that were known at that time), grouped by organs afflicted. These 48 diseases have been grouped into 8 types of udara rogas, 8 types of mutraghata, 7 kushthas, 7 pidikas, 6 atisara, 5 gulma, 5 kasa, 5 swasa, etc. Similarly, in Sutra Sthana Chapter 20, 4 types of diseases are mentioned according to the causative factor- agantuja (exogenous), vataja, pittaja and kaphaja. Nanatmaja vikaras of vata are of 80 types; those of pitta are of 40 types; and kapha are of 20 types.   

The [[Charaka Samhita]] also provides classifications and counts of diseases by the organs afflicted or their causative factors. For example, in [[Sutra Sthana]] Chapter 19 (''Astodariyadhyaya''), a count of all disease systems has been provided (that were known at that time), grouped by organs afflicted. These 48 diseases have been grouped into 8 types of ''udara rogas'', 8 types of ''mutraghata'', 7 ''kushthas'', 7 ''pidikas'', 6 ''atisara'', 5 ''gulma'', 5 ''kasa'', 5 ''swasa'', etc. Similarly, in [[Sutra Sthana]] Chapter 20, 4 types of diseases are mentioned according to the causative factor- ''agantuja'' (exogenous), ''vataja, pittaja'' and ''kaphaja''. ''Nanatmaja vikaras'' of ''vata'' are of 80 types; those of ''pitta'' are of 40 types; and ''kapha'' are of 20 types.   

In [[Vimana Sthana]] Chapter 6, Dasharoganikadhyaya, diseases are classified by their prabhava (effect) into 10 types, by curability into two types (sadhya (curable) and asadhya (incurable)), by their bala (strength) of vyadhi (disease) into two types (mrudu (mild) and daruna (severe)), by their adhisthana (location) into two types (manasika (psychic) and sharirik (somatic)), according to cause into nija (endogenous) and  agantuja ( exogenous), according to ashaya bheda (organ of origin) into amashaya samuttha (originating from stomach) and pakwasaya samuttha (originating from large intestines). Charaka further concludes that diseases are innumerable.  

In [[Vimana Sthana]] Chapter 6, ''Dasharoganikadhyaya'', diseases are classified by their ''prabhava'' (effect) into 10 types, by curability into two types (''sadhya'' (curable) and ''asadhya'' (incurable)), by their ''bala'' (strength) of ''vyadhi'' (disease) into two types (''mridu'' (mild) and ''daruna'' (severe)), by their ''adhisthana'' (location) into two types (''manasika'' (psychic) and ''sharirik'' (somatic)), according to cause into ''nija'' (endogenous) and  ''agantuja'' ( exogenous), according to ''ashaya bheda'' (organ of origin) into ''amashaya samuttha'' (originating from stomach) and ''pakwasaya samuttha'' (originating from large intestines). Charaka further concludes that diseases are innumerable.  

WHO [13] has done the classification of diseases in a systemic manner, it is defined as a system of categories to which morbid entities are assigned according to established criteria- International Classification of diseases (ICD). The purpose of this is to permit the systematic recording analysis, interpretation and comparison of mortality and morbidity data collection in different countries or areas and at different times. It is used to translate diagnosis of disease and other health problems from words into alphanumeric code, which permits easy storage, easy retrieval and analysis of data. The details can be obtained from: The International Classification of Diseases–ICD-10 (WHO Publications).[14]

WHO [13] has done the classification of diseases in a systemic manner, it is defined as a system of categories to which morbid entities are assigned according to established criteria- International Classification of diseases (ICD). The purpose of this is to permit the systematic recording analysis, interpretation and comparison of mortality and morbidity data collection in different countries or areas and at different times. It is used to translate diagnosis of disease and other health problems from words into alphanumeric code, which permits easy storage, easy retrieval and analysis of data. The details can be obtained from: The International Classification of Diseases–ICD-10 (WHO Publications).[14]

After gaining the knowledge about the classification of diseases, the routes of manifestation and the nomenclature of diseases must be known, hence the routes of disease manifestation are described.

After gaining the knowledge about the classification of diseases, the routes of manifestation and the nomenclature of diseases must be known, hence the routes of disease manifestation are described.