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|[[Vata dosha|Vata]]
|[[Vata dosha|Vata]]
|Meat soup (mamsa rasa)
|Meat soup ([[Mamsa dhatu|mamsa]] rasa)
|Unctuous (snigdha), Hot in potency (ushna)
|Unctuous (snigdha), Hot in potency (ushna)
|style="text-align:center;" |1
|style="text-align:center;" |1
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|[[Pitta dosha|Pitta]] association
|[[Pitta dosha|Pitta]] association
|Milk (payas)
|Milk (payas)
|Sweet (svadu), cold in potency (sheeta)
|Sweet (svadu), cold in potency ([[Sheeta|sheeta]])
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|-
|-
|[[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] association
|[[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] association
|Cows’ urine (mutra)
|Cows’ urine ([[Mutra|mutra]])
|Pungent (katu), hot in potency (ushna), sharp in action (teekshna)
|[[Katu|Pungent (katu)]], hot in potency (ushna), sharp in action (teekshna)
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|}
|}
<li>Klama - exhaustion without exertion</li>
<li>Klama - exhaustion without exertion</li>
<li>Adhmana – abdominal distension </li>
<li>Adhmana – abdominal distension </li>
<li>Hikka - hiccups</li>
<li>[[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa|Hikka]] - hiccups</li>
<li>Hrudprapti – reaching cardiac region</li>
<li>Hrudprapti – reaching cardiac region</li>
<li>Urdhvavata – upward dislocation of [[Vata dosha|vata]]</li>
<li>Urdhvavata – upward dislocation of [[Vata dosha|vata]]</li>
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* Administration of decoction enema having the
* Administration of decoction enema having the
* Medicinal paste (kalka) of prushni parni (Uraria picta), Sthira (Desmodium gangeticum), padma (Nelumbo nucifera), kashmarya (gmelina arborea), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]] and bala (Sida cordifolia)
* Medicinal paste (kalka) of prushni parni (Uraria picta), Sthira (Desmodium gangeticum), padma (Nelumbo nucifera), [[Kashmarya|kashmarya (gmelina arborea)]], [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]] and bala (Sida cordifolia)
* Fluid part (drava dravya) having the decoction of draksha (Vitis vinifera), water prepared out of pakva loshta (heated iron or earth) and [[Madhuka|madhuka (madhuca longifolia)]]
* Fluid part (drava dravya) having the decoction of [[Draksha|draksha (Vitis vinifera)]], water prepared out of pakva loshta (heated iron or earth) and [[Madhuka|madhuka (madhuca longifolia)]]
Unctuous part – [[Ghee|Ghee]]
Unctuous part – [[Ghee|Ghee]]
|Klama
|Klama
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* Soft Enema administered in remanence of ama (product of impaired digestion and metabolism)
* Soft Enema administered in remanence of [[Ama|ama]] (product of impaired digestion and metabolism)
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* Weariness
* Weariness
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* Sudation with dry drugs
* Sudation with dry drugs
* Deepana (drugs enhancing digestion and metabolism)
* [[Deepana|Deepana]] (drugs enhancing digestion and metabolism)
* Decoction enema with dashamula (group of ten roots) and gomutra (Cow’s urine)
* Decoction enema with dashamula (group of ten roots) and gomutra (Cow’s urine)
|-
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* Suppository prepared out of shyamaphaladi yoga.
* Suppository prepared out of shyamaphaladi yoga.
* Bilvadi niruha basti
* Bilvadi niruha basti
* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana (Therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with Sarala (Pinus longifolia) and devadaru (Cedrus deodara)
* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana (Therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with [[Sarala|Sarala (Pinus longifolia)]] and [[Devadaru|devadaru (Cedrus deodara)]]
|-
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|Hikka
|[[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa|Hikka]]
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* Administration of enema having extreme sharpness in action in patients who are weak and having delicate bowel nature.
* Administration of enema having extreme sharpness in action in patients who are weak and having delicate bowel nature.
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* The medications of hiccup and drugs having nourishment property
* The medications of hiccup and drugs having nourishment property
* Therapeutic unctuous enema with balasthiradi thaila
* Therapeutic unctuous enema with balasthiradi thaila
* Intake of black salt (krishna lavana) with hot water medicated smoking, linctus, milk, sudations, and food processed with [[Vata dosha|vata]] pacifying drugs
* Intake of black salt (krishna lavana) with hot water medicated smoking, linctus, milk, sudations, and food processed with [[Vata dosha|vata]] pacifying drugs
|-
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|Hrudprapti
|Hrudprapti
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* Administration of enema which is having extremely high potency or by pushing the [[Vata dosha|vata]] to the rectum by its complete drainage
* Administration of enema which is having extremely high potency or by pushing the [[Vata dosha|vata]] to the rectum by its complete drainage
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* Shaking the heart
* Shaking the heart
* Dashamulika asthapana basti (medicated decoction enema) with cow’s urine (gomutra) as adjuvant (avapa) when the enema is obstructed in large intestine.
* Dashamulika asthapana basti (medicated decoction enema) with cow’s urine (gomutra) as adjuvant (avapa) when the enema is obstructed in large intestine.
* Bilvadi siddha basti when the enema is obstructed in chest region.
* Bilvadi siddha basti when the enema is obstructed in chest region.
* Nasal medication, medicated smoking and wrapping the head with sarshapa (Brassica indica) when it is blocked there in the head.
* Nasal medication, medicated smoking and wrapping the head with [[sarshapa|sarshapa (Brassica indica)]] when it is blocked there in the head.
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|Pravahika
|Pravahika
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* Administration of soft potency drug or less quantity drug in greatly aggravated [[Dosha|doshas]].
* Administration of soft potency drug or less quantity drug in greatly aggravated [[Dosha|doshas]].
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* Dysentery
* Dysentery
* Exhaustion of calf and thigh
* Exhaustion of calf and thigh
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* Abhyanga (Massage)
* [[Abhyanga|Abhyanga (Massage)]]
* Sweda (sudation)
* [[Sweda|Sweda (sudation)]]
* Niruha (therapeutic decoction enema) added with sodhana dravyas (purifying drugs) like trivruth (Operculina turpethum) or anulomana dravyas like milk.
* Niruha (therapeutic decoction enema) added with sodhana dravyas (purifying drugs) like trivruth (Operculina turpethum) or anulomana dravyas like milk.
|-
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|Shiro arti
|Shiro arti
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* Enema having soft potency and less quantity in weak, constipated, and severely aggravated [[Dosha|dosha]].
* Enema having soft potency and less quantity in weak, constipated, and severely aggravated [[Dosha|dosha]].
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* Deafness
* Deafness
* Visual Illusions
* Visual Illusions
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* Massage with taila (sesame oil) processed with [[Lavana|lavana(salt)]]
* Massage with taila (sesame oil) processed with [[Lavana|lavana(salt)]]
* Pradhamana nasya (Nasal medication using medicated powder)
* Pradhamana nasya (Nasal medication using medicated powder)
* Dhumapana (medicated smoking) of purificatory variety.
* [[Dhumapana|Dhumapana (medicated smoking)]] of purificatory variety.
* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana (therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with teekshna anulomana drugs (sharp and directive)
* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana (therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with teekshna anulomana drugs (sharp and directive)
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|Angarti
|Angarti
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* Administering enema which has the properties like heaviness and sharp potency in more than required quantity in patients who haven’t undergone snehana and swedana (sudation therapy)
* Administering enema which has the properties like heaviness and sharp potency in more than required quantity in patients who haven’t undergone [[Snehana (unction therapy)|snehana]] and [[Swedana|swedana (sudation therapy)]]
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* Pain all over the [[Sharira|body]] resembling wrapping, pricking, breaking, and quivering.
* Pain all over the [[Sharira|body]] resembling wrapping, pricking, breaking, and quivering.
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* Massage with sesame oil (taila) processed with salt.
* Massage with sesame oil (taila) processed with salt.
* Seka (sudation by streaming of pre-warmed liquid) with hot water, decoction prepared out of the leaves of [[Eranda|Eranda (Ricinus communis)]]
* Seka (sudation by streaming of pre-warmed liquid) with hot water, decoction prepared out of the leaves of [[Eranda|Eranda (Ricinus communis)]]
* Prasthara sweda (Sudation by lying on bed)
* Prasthara sweda (Sudation by lying on bed)
* Niruha basti (Therapeutic decoction enema) with dasamula and bilva thaila.
* Niruha basti (Therapeutic decoction enema) with dasamula and bilva thaila.
* Avagaha (sudation by sitting in tub)
* Avagaha (sudation by sitting in tub)
* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana basti (Therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with yashti madhu taila or bilva thaila.
* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana basti (Therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with yashti madhu taila or bilva thaila.
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* Sharp cutting pain in anus
* Sharp cutting pain in anus
* Pricking pain on sacral region, groin, and urinary bladder.
* Pricking pain on sacral region, groin, and urinary bladder.
* Pain below the umbilicus
* Pain below the umbilicus
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* Enema with the medicines having sweet taste and cold potency.
* Enema with the medicines having sweet taste and cold potency.
* Enema with srajarasa (Vateria indica) yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Jingini (lannea coromandelica) etc.
* Enema with srajarasa (Vateria indica) yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Jingini (lannea coromandelica) etc.
|-
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|Parisrava
|Parisrava
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* Administration of enema having sour taste, salt, hot and sharp potency in patients having the [[Vyadhi|disease]] of [[Pitta dosha|Pitta]]
* Administration of enema having sour taste, salt, hot and sharp potency in patients having the [[Vyadhi|disease]] of [[Pitta dosha|Pitta]]
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* Excretion of [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] (bilious humor) of different colours
* Excretion of [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] (bilious humor) of different colours
* Loss of consciousness
* Loss of consciousness
* Uncontrolled diarrhea
* Uncontrolled diarrhea
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* Enema is prepared out of goat’s milk processed with fresh(ardra) shalmali (salmalia malabarica) leaf sprouts.
* Enema is prepared out of goat’s milk processed with fresh (ardra) [[Shalmali|shalmali (salmalia malabarica)]] leaf sprouts.
* Enema is prepared with the leaves of vata (Ficus bengalensis) etc. in milk.
* Enema is prepared with the leaves of vata (Ficus bengalensis) etc. in milk.
* Seka (streaming of liquid) and pradeha (thick anointment) out of sweet and cold drugs
* Seka (streaming of liquid) and [[Pradeha|pradeha]] (thick anointment) out of sweet and cold drugs
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== Current research works ==
== Current research works ==
<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>A comparative study on the effect of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] in amavata (rheumatoid arthritis) patients concluded that [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] had given better relief in amavata than viechana.<ref name="ref16">Bhatkoti Mayank (2005): A comparative clinical study of [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitaranabasti]] and [[Virechana|virechana]] karma in the management of amavata. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>A comparative study on the effect of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] in [[Amavata|amavata (rheumatoid arthritis)]] patients concluded that [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] had given better relief in [[Amavata|amavata]] than viechana.<ref name="ref16">Bhatkoti Mayank (2005): A comparative clinical study of vaitaranabasti and virechana karma in the management of amavata. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] administered through drip method and putaka method have shown definite improvement in patients of kampavata (parkinsonism). The drip method has shown better improvement in general symptoms, associated symptoms, functional assessment, and signs.<ref name="ref17">Vinay Chaudary (2007): A clinical study of standardization of [[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] in the management of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] administered through drip method and putaka method have shown definite improvement in patients of kampavata (parkinsonism). The drip method has shown better improvement in general symptoms, associated symptoms, functional assessment, and signs.<ref name="ref17">Vinay Chaudary (2007): A clinical study of standardization of Yapana basti in the management of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>Kala basti has shown better improvement in amavata (rheumatoid arthritis) when compared with [[Virechana|virechana]].<ref name="ref18">Gohil Jalpa H (2009): A comparative clinical study of [[Virechana|Virechana]] karma and kala basti in management of Amavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>Kala basti has shown better improvement in [[Amavata|amavata]] (rheumatoid arthritis) when compared with [[Virechana|virechana]].<ref name="ref18">Gohil Jalpa H (2009): A comparative clinical study of Virechana karma and kala basti in management of Amavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>Administration of Erandamuladi yapana basti in comparison with Erandabija ksheera paka in patients of katigraha have shown better improvement in signs and symptoms of basti group.<ref name="ref19"/>Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</li>
<li>Administration of Erandamuladi yapana basti in comparison with Erandabija ksheera paka in patients of katigraha have shown better improvement in signs and symptoms of [[Basti|basti]] group.<ref name="ref19"/>Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</li>
<li>Clinically in patients treated with lekhana basti there was a decrease in s. cholesterol, s.low density lipoprotein and s. apolipoprotein B. There was a significant reduction in BMI, weight, [[Sharira|body]] fat storage etc. It was effective to a lesser extent on lipid profile than triphala guggulu.<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>
<li>Clinically in patients treated with lekhana basti there was a decrease in s. cholesterol, s.low density lipoprotein and s. apolipoprotein B. There was a significant reduction in BMI, weight, [[Sharira|body]] fat storage etc. It was effective to a lesser extent on lipid profile than triphala [[Guggulu|guggulu]].<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>
<li>A comparative study between the effect of rectal administration and oral administration of the same group of drugs (guduchi bhadramustadi) have proved the higher efficacy of rectal administration for the management of sthoulya.<ref name="ref21">Hemal Kumar V Dodiya (2013): A comparative clinical study on the effect of Guduchi-Bhadramustadi yoga administered orally and by basti in the management of sthaulya w.s.r to obesity. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>A comparative study between the effect of rectal administration and oral administration of the same group of drugs (guduchi bhadramustadi) have proved the higher efficacy of rectal administration for the management of sthoulya.<ref name="ref21">Hemal Kumar V Dodiya (2013): A comparative clinical study on the effect of Guduchi-Bhadramustadi yoga administered orally and by basti in the management of sthaulya w.s.r to obesity. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>In a comparative study, vaitararana basti has shown marked improvement in 45% of patients of ghridrasi. Whereas siravyadha has shown marked improvement in 55% of patients. [[Vaitarana Basti|Vaitarana basti]] was found more effective than siravedha in [[Stambhana|stambha (stiffness)]], spandana (twitching), suptata (numbness), sakthikshephanigraha (SLR) and gaurava(heaviness).<ref name="ref22">Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>In a comparative study, vaitararana basti has shown marked improvement in 45% of patients of ghridrasi. Whereas siravyadha has shown marked improvement in 55% of patients. [[Vaitarana Basti|Vaitarana basti]] was found more effective than siravedha in [[Stambhana|stambha (stiffness)]], spandana (twitching), suptata (numbness), sakthikshephanigraha (SLR) and gaurava(heaviness).<ref name="ref22">Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and vaitarana basti in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>
<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] combined with patrapinda sweda and shamana medicine has shown relatively more effectiveness in the management of majority of symptoms in cervical spondylosis than the group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] was not administered in combination.<ref name="ref23"/> The group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] combined has also shown prevention from recurrence and long-lasting effects.</li>
<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] combined with patrapinda sweda and [[Shamana|shamana]] medicine has shown relatively more effectiveness in the management of majority of symptoms in cervical spondylosis than the group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] was not administered in combination.<ref name="ref23"/> The group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] combined has also shown prevention from recurrence and long-lasting effects.</li>
<li>Study of dashamooladi basti in the management of acute stage of amavata has revealed an overall mild improvement in 40% patients, and minor improvement was observed in remaining 60% patients. Complete remission or marked improvement was not found in any of the patient.<ref name="ref24">Anjali V Makodiya (2017): A Clinical Study on Basti Karma in The Short-Term Management of Amavata W.S. R Rheumatoid Arthtitis.Department of Panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>
<li>Study of dashamooladi basti in the management of acute stage of [[Amavata|amavata]] has revealed an overall mild improvement in 40% patients, and minor improvement was observed in remaining 60% patients. Complete remission or marked improvement was not found in any of the patient.<ref name="ref24">Anjali V Makodiya (2017): A Clinical Study on Basti Karma in The Short-Term Management of Amavata W.S. R Rheumatoid Arthtitis.Department of Panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>
<li>The study of lekhana basti in sthoulya has shown marked improvement in 6.66% patients. The 90.90% patients achieved moderate improvement, and 3.03% patients had mild improvement whereas no patients remain unimproved after the treatment.<ref name="ref25">Chintan J Bhatt (2018): A Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti Karma in The Management of Sthaulya (Obesity), Department of Panchakarma, JSAM, Nadiad.</ref></li>
<li>The study of lekhana basti in sthoulya has shown marked improvement in 6.66% patients. The 90.90% patients achieved moderate improvement, and 3.03% patients had mild improvement whereas no patients remain unimproved after the treatment.<ref name="ref25">Chintan J Bhatt (2018): A Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti Karma in The Management of Sthaulya (Obesity), Department of Panchakarma, JSAM, Nadiad.</ref></li>
<li>Asthapana basti with udumbara kwatha in raktatisara (ulcerative colitis) has shown complete relief from signs and symptoms in one patient, marked and moderate improvement in 7 and 9 patients respectively.<ref name="ref26">Vimixa D Patel (2018): A Clinical Study of Udumbara Kvatha Basti in the Management of Raktatisara, Department Of panchakarma, JSAM, Nadiad.</ref></li></ul>
<li>Asthapana basti with udumbara kwatha in raktatisara (ulcerative colitis) has shown complete relief from signs and symptoms in one patient, marked and moderate improvement in 7 and 9 patients respectively.<ref name="ref26">Vimixa D Patel (2018): A Clinical Study of Udumbara Kvatha Basti in the Management of Raktatisara, Department Of panchakarma, JSAM, Nadiad.</ref></li></ul>