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Asthapana basti (view source)

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Teekshna asthapana basti (strong potency): The [[Basti|basti]] with strong potency is indicated in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] of prolonged duration, challenging to cure, and having maximum strength. It can be administered in persons having superior mental strength (pravara sattva). The [[Basti|basti]] will get sharpness (teekshnatvam), when it gets added with cow’s urine (gomutra), [[Pilu|pilu (Salvadora persica Linn)]], [[Chitraka|Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica)]], salt ([[Lavana|lavana]]) and alkali (kshara).</li></ol>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Based on effect (karma): </li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Utkleshana basti: This type of [[Basti|basti]] is intended to aggravate [[Dosha|dosha]] in dormant state (leena avastha). After initial aggravation, the [[Basti|basti]] expelles the [[Dosha|dosha]] to create equilibrium. [[Eranda|Eranda]] beeja (seed of Ricinus communis), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuka longifolia)]], [[Pippali|pippali (Piper longum)]], saindhava (rock salt) and hapusha phala (Juniperus communis Linn.) as kalka are the ingredients of utkleshana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/93]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Utkleshana basti: This type of [[Basti|basti]] is intended to aggravate [[Dosha|dosha]] in dormant state (leena avastha). After initial aggravation, the [[Basti|basti]] expelles the [[Dosha|dosha]] to create equilibrium. [[Eranda|Eranda]] beeja (seed of Ricinus communis), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuka longifolia)]], [[Pippali|pippali (Piper longum)]], saindhava (rock salt) and [[Hapusha|hapusha phala (Juniperus communis Linn.)]] as kalka are the ingredients of utkleshana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/93]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Doshahara basti : This pacifies [[Dosha|dosha]] by removing them.The ingredients of doshahara basti are satahva (Anethum sowa), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], kutaja beeja (Holarrhena antidysenterica), madanaphala (Randia dumetorum) along with kanjika (fermented rice gruel) and gomutra (cow’s urine). [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/94]<ref name="ref3" />.</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Doshahara basti : This pacifies [[Dosha|dosha]] by removing them. The ingredients of doshahara basti are satahva (Anethum sowa), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], [[Kutaja|kutaja]] beeja (Holarrhena antidysenterica), [[Madanaphala|madanaphala]] (Randia dumetorum) along with kanjika (fermented rice gruel) and gomutra (cow’s urine). [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/94]<ref name="ref3" />.</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Dosha|Dosha]] shamana basti: This pacifies [[Dosha|dosha]] with mild potency.Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), [[Madhuka|Madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], Musta (Cyperus rotundus), Rasanjana (semisolid extract obtained from decotion of Berberis aristata with milk) along with cow’s milk (goksheera) are the ingredients. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/95]<ref name="ref3" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Dosha|Dosha]] shamana basti: This pacifies [[Dosha|dosha]] with mild potency. Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), [[Madhuka|Madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], [[Musta|Musta (Cyperus rotundus)]], Rasanjana (semisolid extract obtained from decotion of Berberis aristata with milk) along with cow’s milk (goksheera) are the ingredients. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/95]<ref name="ref3" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yapana basti (enema for sustaining life) Yapana bastis can be administered in all seasons. There are 12 types of yapana bastis mentioned and they are indicated in different stages of all [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. They serve the action of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) and sneha basti (therapeutic unctuous enema). Mustadi yapana basti. shaliparnyadi yapana basti, sthiradi yapana basti are examples of yapana basti. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 12/16-17]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] (enema for sustaining life) [[Yapana basti|Yapana bastis]] can be administered in all seasons. There are 12 types of yapana bastis mentioned and they are indicated in different stages of all [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. They serve the action of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) and sneha basti (therapeutic unctuous enema). Mustadi yapana basti. shaliparnyadi yapana basti, sthiradi yapana basti are examples of [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 12/16-17]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Piccha basti (enema for healing) Piccha basti is a kind of asthapana basti prepared using slimy (picchila) dravyas. It is indicated in conditions like diarrhea (atisara), where there is bleeding from rectum. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/93]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Piccha basti|Piccha basti (enema for healing)]] [[Piccha basti|Piccha basti]] is a kind of asthapana basti prepared using slimy (picchila) dravyas. It is indicated in conditions like [[Atisara Chikitsa|diarrhea (atisara)]], where there is bleeding from rectum. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/93]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Ksheera basti (enema with medicated milk) The type of asthapana basti where medicated milk (shrita ksheera) is used instead of decoction is known as ksheera basti. It is also a kind of mridu basti (basti with mild potency). It is indicated mainly in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] like vatarakta (rheumatism due to vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata]] and rakta), sandhigata vata (degenerative joint disorder), visarpa (erysipelas), vatavyadhi (disorders due to [[Vata dosha|vata]]) etc.</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Ksheera basti (enema with medicated milk) The type of asthapana basti where medicated milk (shrita ksheera) is used instead of decoction is known as ksheera basti. It is also a kind of mridu basti (basti with mild potency). It is indicated mainly in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] like [[Vatarakta Chikitsa|vatarakta]] (rheumatism due to vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata]] and [[Rakta dhatu|rakta]]), sandhigata vata (degenerative joint disorder), [[Visarpa Chikitsa|visarpa (erysipelas)]], [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa|vatavyadhi]] (disorders due to [[Vata dosha|vata]]) etc.</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Rakta basti (enema with animal blood) Rakta basti contains the blood of freshly killed animals which is indicated mainly in atisara(diarrhea) where the patient is debilitated by losing blood through the rectum. It is indicated in raktatisara (ulcerative colitis with blood in stools) and jeevadana vyapat of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and basti (therapeutic enema). [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 6/82]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Rakta basti (enema with animal blood) Rakta basti contains the blood of freshly killed animals which is indicated mainly in [[Atisara Chikitsa|atisara(diarrhea)]] where the patient is debilitated by losing blood through the rectum. It is indicated in raktatisara (ulcerative colitis with blood in stools) and jeevadana vyapat of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and [[Basti|basti (therapeutic enema)]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 6/82]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Doshaghna basti</li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Vataghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having the aggravation [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]], the basti processed with the decoction prepared out of drugs having the property to pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] (vataghna aushadha). Trividha sneha (combination of three snehas viz ghee, plant oil and muscle fat.), amla dravyas (drugs having sour taste) and saindhava (rock salt) is used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/77]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Vataghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having the aggravation [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]], the [[Basti|basti]] processed with the decoction prepared out of drugs having the property to pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] (vataghna aushadha). Trividha sneha (combination of three snehas viz [[Ghee|ghee]], plant oil and muscle fat.), [[Amla|amla]] dravyas (drugs having sour taste) and saindhava (rock salt) is used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/77]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Pittaghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] associated with pitta dosha, basti (therapeutic enema) processed with the decoction of nyagrodhadi gana combined with kakolyadi gana as kalka (paste) along with ghee and sugar is advised. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/78]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Pittaghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] associated with [[Pitta dosha|pitta dosha]], [[Basti|basti (therapeutic enema)]] processed with the decoction of nyagrodhadi gana combined with kakolyadi gana as kalka (paste) along with [[Ghee|ghee]] and sugar is advised. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/78]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Kaphaghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having an association of kapha dosha, basti (therapeutic enema) processed with the decoction of aragvadhadi gana combined with pippalyadi gana as kalka (medicinal paste) along with honey, cow’s urine (gomutra) is to be used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/79]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Kaphaghna basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having an association of [[Kapha dosha|kapha dosha]], [[Basti|basti (therapeutic enema)]] processed with the decoction of aragvadhadi gana combined with pippalyadi gana as kalka (medicinal paste) along with honey, cow’s urine (gomutra) is to be used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/79]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Rakta shamana basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having loss of blood (shonita pravrutti), the enema processed with the decoction prepared out of ksheeri vrikshas (group of trees starting from nyagrodha) combined with sugar cane juice), milk, ghee, and sugar is used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/80]<ref name="ref3" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Rakta shamana basti In [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having loss of blood (shonita pravrutti), the enema processed with the decoction prepared out of ksheeri vrikshas (group of trees starting from nyagrodha) combined with sugar cane juice), milk, [[Ghee|ghee]], and sugar is used. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/80]<ref name="ref3" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Shodhana basti The enema, which is processed with the decoction and medicinal paste of shodhana dravyas (group of drugs with purifying action), with rock salt and unctuous substance (sneha) is known as the shodhana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/81]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Shodhana|Shodhana basti]] The enema, which is processed with the decoction and medicinal paste of shodhana dravyas (group of drugs with purifying action), with rock salt and unctuous substance (sneha) is known as the [[Shodhana|shodhana basti]]. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/81]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Lekhana basti: The enema is processed with the decoction of triphala, cow’s urine, honey, alkali (kshara) and combined with ushakadi gana as a medicinal paste (kalka), known as lekhana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/82]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Brimhana basti: The basti processed with the decoction of drugs having the nourishing property(brimhana) combined with the drugs having a sweet taste (madhura rasa) as a medicinal paste (kalka) along with ghee and meat soup (mamsarasa) is known as brimhana basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/83]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Brimhana|Brimhana]] basti: The basti processed with the decoction of drugs having the nourishing property([[Brimhana|brimhana]]) combined with the drugs having a [[Madhura|sweet taste (madhura rasa)]] as a medicinal paste (kalka) along with [[Ghee|ghee]] and meat soup (mamsarasa) is known as [[Brimhana|brimhana]] basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/83]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Grahi basti The enema is processed with the drugs of priyangvadi gana combined with ambashtadi gana as medicinal paste and honey and ghee known as grahi basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/87]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Grahi basti The enema is processed with the drugs of priyangvadi gana combined with ambashtadi gana as medicinal paste and honey and [[Ghee|ghee]] known as grahi basti. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/87]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Madhutailika basti When honey (madhu) and oil (taila) are given equal importance in enema, then it is known as madhutailika basti<ref name="ref19">Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref>. Yapana basti, yuktharadha basti and siddha basti are synonyms of madhutailika basti<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref>. It helps remove the doshas and bring up the strength and complexion of a patient. The peculiarity of this kind of enema is that there will be no restrictions on diet, beverages, travel, and sexual intercourse. The enema shows many benefits to the patient with no complications at all. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/114]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Madhutailika Basti|Madhutailika basti]] When honey (madhu) and oil (taila) are given equal importance in enema, then it is known as [[Madhutailika Basti|madhutailika basti]]<ref name="ref19">Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref>. [[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]], yuktharadha basti and siddha basti are synonyms of [[Madhutailika Basti|madhutailika basti]]<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref>. It helps remove the [[Dosha|doshas]] and bring up the strength and complexion of a patient. The peculiarity of this kind of enema is that there will be no restrictions on diet, beverages, travel, and sexual intercourse. The enema shows many benefits to the patient with no complications at all. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/114]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yuktaratha basti The patient can travel in chariot (ratha) after taking this enema. Hence it is named as yuktaratha basti. This basti has ingredients like erandamuladi as decoction; vacha (Acorus calamus), [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]] and [[Pippali|pippali (Piper longum)]] as medicinal paste and taila (sesame oil) as unctuous substance (sneha). [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/8]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yuktaratha basti The patient can travel in chariot (ratha) after taking this enema. Hence it is named as yuktaratha basti. This basti has ingredients like erandamuladi as decoction; [[Vacha|vacha (Acorus calamus)]], [[Madhuka|madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]] and [[Pippali|pippali (Piper longum)]] as medicinal paste and taila (sesame oil) as unctuous substance (sneha). [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 35/8]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Siddha basti The attainment of strength, nourishment, and complexion and the cure of many [[Vyadhi|diseases]] can be possible by this basti, and thus, it is named siddha basti.<ref name="ref23">Rani Sangeeta Ishwar Singh (2017): A randomized clinical trial on ~~brihatyadiyapana~~ basti and patrapinda sweda with aadityapakaguggulu in the management of cervical spondylosis w.s.r to asthigatavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar.</ref> Yavakoladi siddha basti is one of its examples processed with the decoction of yava ( Hordeum vulgare),kola (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk Z.jujuba Lamk), and kulattha (Dolichos biflorus ), along with the medicinal paste of magadhika (Piper longum) and yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra).[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/97-99]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Siddha basti The attainment of strength, nourishment, and complexion and the cure of many [[Vyadhi|diseases]] can be possible by this basti, and thus, it is named siddha basti.<ref name="ref23">Rani Sangeeta Ishwar Singh (2017): A randomized clinical trial on brihatyadi yapana basti and patrapinda sweda with aadityapakaguggulu in the management of cervical spondylosis w.s.r to asthigatavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar.</ref> Yavakoladi siddha basti is one of its examples processed with the decoction of [[Yava|yava (Hordeum vulgare)]], [[Kola|kola (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk Z.jujuba Lamk)]], and kulattha (Dolichos biflorus ), along with the medicinal paste of magadhika (Piper longum) and yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra).[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/97-99]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Vaitarana basti</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">[[Vaitarana Basti|Vaitarana basti]]</li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Gomutra vaitarana basti Fruit pulp of Tamarindus indicus as paste (amleeka kalka), jaggery, rock salt and cow’s urine along with little quantity of oil (taila) is used for the preparation of gomutra vaitarana basti. [Chakradatta Niroohadhikara 72/33]<ref name="ref4">Chakrapanidatta, Cakradatta (Chikitsasangraha) with padartha bodhini Hindi commentary of Vaidya Ravidatta sastri, Varanasi; Chaukhambha Surabharathi prakashan;2006. p.313</ref></li>

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<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight:bold">Gomutra vaitarana basti Fruit pulp of Tamarindus indicus as paste (amleeka kalka), jaggery, rock salt and cow’s urine along with little quantity of oil (taila) is used for the preparation of gomutra [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]]. [Chakradatta Niroohadhikara 72/33]<ref name="ref4">Chakrapanidatta, Cakradatta (Chikitsasangraha) with padartha bodhini Hindi commentary of Vaidya Ravidatta sastri, Varanasi; Chaukhambha Surabharathi prakashan;2006. p.313</ref></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Ksheera vaitarana basti All the ingredients are the same as gomutra vaitarana basti except cow’s milk in place of cow’s urine here. [Vang.Sa. Basti Adhikara 86-189]<ref name="ref5">Vangasena-Vangasena Samhita, Vol.2. Second edition. By Nirmal Saxena. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2001.</ref></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Ksheera [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] All the ingredients are the same as gomutra [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] except cow’s milk in place of cow’s urine here. [Vang.Sa. Basti Adhikara 86-189]<ref name="ref5">Vangasena-Vangasena Samhita, Vol.2. Second edition. By Nirmal Saxena. Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2001.</ref></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Ardhamatrika basti It has a total quantity of 12 pala (1 pala equals 48g), which is half that of dvadasha prasrutha basti. Here decoction of dashamoola (group of roots of 10 drugs), honey, rock salt and shatapushpa (Anethum sowa) as medicinal paste is used. [Vang.Sa. Basti Adhikara 172-181]<ref name="ref5" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Ardhamatrika basti It has a total quantity of 12 pala (1 pala equals 48g), which is half that of dvadasha prasrutha basti. Here decoction of dashamoola (group of roots of 10 drugs), honey, rock salt and [[Shatapushpa|shatapushpa (Anethum sowa)]] as medicinal paste is used. [Vang.Sa. Basti Adhikara 172-181]<ref name="ref5" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Vrishya basti The decoction of egg of chataka (hen sparrow) and uchataka along with cow’s milk, ghee, sugar and athmagupta phala (fruit of Mucuna pruriens) as admixture (avapa) is aphrodisiac (vajikarana) in nature. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Vrishya basti The decoction of egg of chataka (hen sparrow) and uchataka along with cow’s milk, [[Ghee|ghee]], sugar and athmagupta phala (fruit of Mucuna pruriens) as admixture (avapa) is [[Vajikarana Adhyaya|aphrodisiac (vajikarana)]] in nature. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Chakshushya basti Erandmauladi decoction, yashtyahva (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as the medicinal paste, and honey, rock salt, and oil are the ingredients of chakshushya basti. [A. Hri.Kalpa Sthana 4/27-29]<ref name="ref6">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridaya. With Commentaries SarvangaSundari of Arunadatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri.Varanasi; Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2012.</ref></li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Churna basti Churnabasti has pain relieving (shulaghna) properties with hot water as a liquid component (dravadravya) instead of decoction. The medicinal paste of rasna (Pluchea lanceolata), vacha (Acorus calamus), bilva (Aegle marmelos), shatahva (Anethum sowa), ela (Eletteria cardamomum), putika (Holoptelia integrifolia), krishna (Piper longum), daru (Cedrus deodara) and kushdha (Saussuria lappa C. B Clarke) is used. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/13-14]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Churna basti Churnabasti has pain relieving (shulaghna) properties with hot water as a liquid component (dravadravya) instead of decoction. The medicinal paste of [[Rasna|rasna (Pluchea lanceolata)]], [[Vacha|vacha (Acorus calamus)]], [[Bilva|bilva (Aegle marmelos)]], shatahva (Anethum sowa), [[Ela|ela (Eletteria cardamomum)]], putika (Holoptelia integrifolia), krishna (Piper longum), daru (Cedrus deodara) and kushdha (Saussuria lappa C. B Clarke) is used. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/13-14]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ol>

== Importance in the preservation of health and prevention ==

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<li>[[Basti|Basti (therapeutic enema)]], in general, is helpful in the prevention of aging, and it produces health, strength, proper digestion, intelligence, voice, and complexion.</li>

<li>It is recommended for both children and old age as it effectively cures [[Vyadhi|diseases]] without causing complications.</li>

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<li>It removes the vit (stool), shleshma, pitta and [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] from the [[Sharira|body]].</li>

+

<li>It removes the vit (stool), shleshma, [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] and [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] from the [[Sharira|body]].</li>

<li>It provides compactness to the [[Sharira|body]] and strength to shukra dhatu (the 6th basic structural element of the [[Sharira|body]]).</li>

<li>It removes [[Dosha|doshas]] from the [[Sharira|body’s]] channels and thus pacifies all [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/27]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

<li>Administration of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) before anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema) clears the channels.. It helps properly transport unctuous substance (sneha) like the pipe which carries water when the impurities causing obstruction are removed. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

−

<li>[[Basti|Basti]] (asthapana and anuvasana) is important as it is the prime treatment for [[Vata dosha|vata]]. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] is the reason for the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] originating in peripheral tissues (shakha), visceral organs (koshtha), vital points of the body (marma), upper part of the body (urdhva), entire body (sarvavayava) and individual parts of the body (anga). The same [[Vata dosha|vata]] is responsible for separating and combining stool, urine, pitta, etc. at their sites. As [[Basti|basti]] is supreme in managing [[Vata dosha|vata]], it is said to be half of the entire therapeutics. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/38-40]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

+

<li>[[Basti|Basti]] (asthapana and anuvasana) is important as it is the prime treatment for [[Vata dosha|vata]]. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] is the reason for the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] originating in peripheral tissues (shakha), visceral organs (koshtha), vital points of the body (marma), upper part of the body (urdhva), entire body (sarvavayava) and individual parts of the body (anga). The same [[Vata dosha|vata]] is responsible for separating and combining stool, urine, [[Pitta dosha|pitta]], etc. at their sites. As [[Basti|basti]] is supreme in managing [[Vata dosha|vata]], it is said to be half of the entire therapeutics. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/38-40]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

== Indications of asthapana basti ==

Line 97: Line 97:

<li>Krimikoshtha – The gut infested with worms.</li>

<li>Balavarnamamsaretaskshaya – depletion of strength, complexion, muscle, and sperms</li>

−

<li>Atisara – Diarrhea without the involvement of metabolic dysfunction (ama)</li>

+

<li>[[Atisara Chikitsa|Atisara]] – Diarrhea without the involvement of metabolic dysfunction (ama)</li>

<li>Udavarta - Upward movement of [[Vata dosha|vata]] due to retention of stool and urine</li>

<li>Parvabheda – Pain in joints</li>

Line 129: Line 129:

<li>Ashmari – Renal calculi</li>

<li>Khuda – A disesase which is affecting the skin and muscle over the joints of legs and hands first and later spreads to deeper sites</li>

−

<li>Vatavyadhi – [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] originates from vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata]]</li>

+

<li>[[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa|Vatavyadhi]] – [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] originates from vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata]]</li>

<li>Alpalpodhana – Voidance of stool frequently in less quantity</li>

<li>Sashabdodhana – Voidance of stool with sound</li>

Line 155: Line 155:

== Ingredients of niruha basti ==

−

As the name suggests, the important and predominant content of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a decoction of herbs depending upon the [[Vyadhi|disease]] condition of the patient. Its other ingredients are honey, rock salt, unctuous substances (usually oil or ghee) and medicinal paste. In some conditions, cow’s urine, fermented liquid preparation out of grains (dhanyamla), meat soup, milk etc. are used either as an alternative or as an admixture (Avapa) to the combination of [[Basti|basti]].

+

As the name suggests, the important and predominant content of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a decoction of herbs depending upon the [[Vyadhi|disease]] condition of the patient. Its other ingredients are honey, rock salt, unctuous substances (usually oil or [[Ghee|ghee]]) and medicinal paste. In some conditions, cow’s urine, fermented liquid preparation out of grains (dhanyamla), meat soup, milk etc. are used either as an alternative or as an admixture (Avapa) to the combination of [[Basti|basti]].

== Quantity of ingredients ==

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<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>Honey (madhu): 192 ml (2 prasruta)</li>

<li>Rock salt (saindhava): 12 gram (1 karsha)</li>

−

<li>Oil/ghee/unctuous substance (sneha): 288 ml (3 prasruta)</li>

+

<li>Oil/[[Ghee|ghee]]/unctuous substance (sneha): 288 ml (3 prasruta)</li>

<li>Medicinal paste (kalka): 96 gram (1 prasruta)</li>

<li>Decoction (kashaya): 384 ml (4 prasruta) to 480 ml (5 prasruta) *[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/37-39]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

Line 274: Line 274:

|milk (ksheera)

|-

−

|Kaphanubandha (association of kapha)

+

|Kaphanubandha (association of [[Kapha dosha|kapha]])

|soup of pulses of various kinds (yusha)

|}

Line 292: Line 292:

|style="text-align:center;" |1

|-

−

|Pitta association

+

|[[Pitta dosha|Pitta]] association

|Milk (payas)

|Sweet (svadu), cold in potency (sheeta)

|style="text-align:center;"|2

|-

−

|Kapha association

+

|[[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] association

|Cows’ urine (mutra)

|Pungent (katu), hot in potency (ushna), sharp in action (teekshna)

Line 358: Line 358:

* Fluid part (drava dravya) having the decoction of draksha (Vitis vinifera), water prepared out of pakva loshta (heated iron or earth) and [[Madhuka|madhuka (madhuca longifolia)]]

−

Unctuous part – Ghee

+

Unctuous part – [[Ghee|Ghee]]

|-

|Klama

Line 478: Line 478:

|Parisrava

|

−

* Administration of enema having sour taste, salt, hot and sharp potency in patients having the [[Vyadhi|disease]] of Pitta

+

* Administration of enema having sour taste, salt, hot and sharp potency in patients having the [[Vyadhi|disease]] of [[Pitta dosha|Pitta]]

|

−

* Excretion of pitta (bilious humor) of different colours

+

* Excretion of [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] (bilious humor) of different colours

* Loss of consciousness

* Uncontrolled diarrhea

Line 522: Line 522:

== Current research works ==

−

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>A comparative study on the effect of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and vaitarana basti in amavata (rheumatoid arthritis) patients concluded that vaitarana basti had given better relief in amavata than viechana.<ref name="ref16">Bhatkoti Mayank (2005): A comparative clinical study of vaitaranabasti and [[Virechana|virechana]] karma in the management of amavata. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

+

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>A comparative study on the effect of [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) and [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] in amavata (rheumatoid arthritis) patients concluded that [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] had given better relief in amavata than viechana.<ref name="ref16">Bhatkoti Mayank (2005): A comparative clinical study of [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitaranabasti]] and [[Virechana|virechana]] karma in the management of amavata. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

−

<li>Yapana basti administered through drip method and putaka method have shown definite improvement in patients of kampavata (parkinsonism). The drip method has shown better improvement in general symptoms, associated symptoms, functional assessment, and signs.<ref name="ref17">Vinay Chaudary (2007): A clinical study of standardization of Yapana basti in the management of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

+

<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] administered through drip method and putaka method have shown definite improvement in patients of kampavata (parkinsonism). The drip method has shown better improvement in general symptoms, associated symptoms, functional assessment, and signs.<ref name="ref17">Vinay Chaudary (2007): A clinical study of standardization of [[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] in the management of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

<li>Kala basti has shown better improvement in amavata (rheumatoid arthritis) when compared with [[Virechana|virechana]].<ref name="ref18">Gohil Jalpa H (2009): A comparative clinical study of [[Virechana|Virechana]] karma and kala basti in management of Amavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

<li>Administration of Erandamuladi yapana basti in comparison with Erandabija ksheera paka in patients of katigraha have shown better improvement in signs and symptoms of basti group.<ref name="ref19"/>Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</li>

<li>Clinically in patients treated with lekhana basti there was a decrease in s. cholesterol, s.low density lipoprotein and s. apolipoprotein B. There was a significant reduction in BMI, weight, [[Sharira|body]] fat storage etc. It was effective to a lesser extent on lipid profile than triphala guggulu.<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

<li>A comparative study between the effect of rectal administration and oral administration of the same group of drugs (guduchi bhadramustadi) have proved the higher efficacy of rectal administration for the management of sthoulya.<ref name="ref21">Hemal Kumar V Dodiya (2013): A comparative clinical study on the effect of Guduchi-Bhadramustadi yoga administered orally and by basti in the management of sthaulya w.s.r to obesity. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

−

<li>In a comparative study, vaitararana basti has shown marked improvement in 45% of patients of ghridrasi. Whereas siravyadha has shown marked improvement in 55% of patients. Vaitarana basti was found more effective than siravedha in stambha (stiffness), spandana (twitching), suptata (numbness), sakthikshephanigraha (SLR) and gaurava(heaviness).<ref name="ref22">Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and vaitarana basti in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

+

<li>In a comparative study, vaitararana basti has shown marked improvement in 45% of patients of ghridrasi. Whereas siravyadha has shown marked improvement in 55% of patients. [[Vaitarana Basti|Vaitarana basti]] was found more effective than siravedha in stambha (stiffness), spandana (twitching), suptata (numbness), sakthikshephanigraha (SLR) and gaurava(heaviness).<ref name="ref22">Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

−

<li>Yapana basti combined with patrapinda sweda and shamana medicine has shown relatively more effectiveness in the management of majority of symptoms in cervical spondylosis than the group in which yapana basti was not administered in combination.<ref name="ref23"/> The group in which yapana basti combined has also shown prevention from recurrence and long-lasting effects.</li>

+

<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] combined with patrapinda sweda and shamana medicine has shown relatively more effectiveness in the management of majority of symptoms in cervical spondylosis than the group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] was not administered in combination.<ref name="ref23"/> The group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] combined has also shown prevention from recurrence and long-lasting effects.</li>

<li>Study of dashamooladi basti in the management of acute stage of amavata has revealed an overall mild improvement in 40% patients, and minor improvement was observed in remaining 60% patients. Complete remission or marked improvement was not found in any of the patient.<ref name="ref24">Anjali V Makodiya (2017): A Clinical Study on Basti Karma in The Short-Term Management of Amavata W.S. R Rheumatoid Arthtitis.Department of Panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

<li>The study of lekhana basti in sthoulya has shown marked improvement in 6.66% patients. The 90.90% patients achieved moderate improvement, and 3.03% patients had mild improvement whereas no patients remain unimproved after the treatment.<ref name="ref25">Chintan J Bhatt (2018): A Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti Karma in The Management of Sthaulya (Obesity), Department of Panchakarma, JSAM, Nadiad.</ref></li>

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