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→Diseases due to impairment of dhairya and their treatment guidelines
<li>Anxiety (chittodvega) : Generalised anxiety disorder (chittodvega) is characterized by excessive and uncontrolled apprehension about routine activities, easy fatiguability, sleep disturbances and difficult concentration with mind often going blank [as per DSM-V]. Manoabhigata (mental trauma) vitiates rajas and tamas dosha gradually manifesting symptoms of chittodvega (fear, grief and mental confusion) in people with low sattva guna.<ref name="ref13">Roshni, K. Tele-counselling for management of Chittodvega (anxiety disorder) in Ayurveda--composing ancillary methods during the Covid 19 pandemic. CSIT 8, 395–401 (2020). </ref> Anxious people are often fickle-minded and easy to sway in their beliefs and decisions. The lack of mental stronghold and control over one’s thoughts is due to weakened dhairya. </li>
<li>Anxiety (chittodvega) : Generalised anxiety disorder (chittodvega) is characterized by excessive and uncontrolled apprehension about routine activities, easy fatiguability, sleep disturbances and difficult concentration with mind often going blank [as per DSM-V]. Manoabhigata (mental trauma) vitiates rajas and tamas dosha gradually manifesting symptoms of chittodvega (fear, grief and mental confusion) in people with low sattva guna.<ref name="ref13">Roshni, K. Tele-counselling for management of Chittodvega (anxiety disorder) in Ayurveda--composing ancillary methods during the Covid 19 pandemic. CSIT 8, 395–401 (2020). </ref> Anxious people are often fickle-minded and easy to sway in their beliefs and decisions. The lack of mental stronghold and control over one’s thoughts is due to weakened dhairya. </li>
<li>Hysteria (yoshapasmara) : Hysteria is a state of mind defined by unmanageable fear or excessive emotion. Though the symptoms are similar to physical manifestations of epilepsy, the cause is major psychological, generally a sudden fright, grief or worry. This is evident in an hysteria episode's associated emotional expression (laughter, weeping or moaning). Yoshapasmara [Madhav Nidana Yoshapasmara nidana] is a clinical condition primarily affecting females. Yoshapasmara, or hysterical neurosis is a disorder common in highly sensitive people due to their weak will (impaired dhairya).<ref name="ref14">Kumar Dileep et al: Clinical evaluation of Sarpagandha Churnayoga along with Sattvavjaye Chikitsa. JPSI 1(4). July-August 2012, 19-23. </ref> The deliberate behaviour of the individual to attract sympathy shows the lack of courage to face adverse situations. </li></ul>
<li>Hysteria (yoshapasmara) : Hysteria is a state of mind defined by unmanageable fear or excessive emotion. Though the symptoms are similar to physical manifestations of epilepsy, the cause is major psychological, generally a sudden fright, grief or worry. This is evident in an hysteria episode's associated emotional expression (laughter, weeping or moaning). Yoshapasmara [Madhav Nidana Yoshapasmara nidana] is a clinical condition primarily affecting females. Yoshapasmara, or hysterical neurosis is a disorder common in highly sensitive people due to their weak will (impaired dhairya).<ref name="ref14">Kumar Dileep et al: Clinical evaluation of Sarpagandha Churnayoga along with Sattvavjaye Chikitsa. JPSI 1(4). July-August 2012, 19-23. </ref> The deliberate behaviour of the individual to attract sympathy shows the lack of courage to face adverse situations. </li></ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Thus, employing dhairya chikitsa (supportive psychotherapy) as a supportive psychotherapy protocol for all psychopathologies can help improve mental tolerance towards various emotional stimuli resulting in controlled emotional reactions. It instills positive self-talk, self-confidence, and emotional support in the patient and their families. Following can be a treatment guideline incorporating the principle of dhairya for counseling and supportive psychotherapy :
# Provide emotional support-oriented counseling mainly concerned with solving problems and identifying the mental blocks of that individual
# Encouraging family support<ref name="ref12" />
# Identification of negative influences in the individual’s life and their modification
# Adapting new positive beliefs in place of old negative ones.<ref name="ref13" />
# Developing determination to maintain a positive outlook on life by repeated positive affirmations and self talk.
Social support and validation often go a long way in promoting dwindling courage. The feeling of vulnerability towards stress or an adversity should be normalised. Open discussions over one’s shortcomings must be thoroughly supported and marked as a sign of his/her inner strength. Such sustained efforts can begin a chain of potentially uplifting changes in the psychological resilience of a person. </p>
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