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== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">The word srotasa is derived from the root (moola) “sravana” meaning to exude, to ooze, to flow of nourishing materials [ Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 30/12]. Literal meaning of srotas is “kha” or empty space, mainly they are considered as tracts, pathways, passages, artery, vein, nerve etc. [ Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]]5/9]. </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The word srotasa is derived from the root (moola) “sravana” meaning to exude, to ooze, to flow of nourishing materials [ Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 30/12]. Literal meaning of srotas is “kha” or empty space, mainly they are considered as tracts, pathways, passages, artery, vein, nerve etc. [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 5/9]. </p>
== Definition ==
== Definition ==
* “Srotamayama hi sharirama” all the living being are comprised of various macro and micro channels.
* “Srotamayama hi sharirama” all the living being are comprised of various macro and micro channels.
* Generally, the word srotasa is understood as macro and micro channels steering in the living being.<ref name="ref2" /></p>
* Generally, the word srotasa is understood as macro and micro channels steering in the living being.<ref name="ref2" /></p>
== Synonyms ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">Channels (srotasa) vein, venule (sira), artery, arteriole, capillary (dhamani), lymphatic ducts (rasayani), portal vein (rasavahini), nerve likewise radial nerve (nadi), passage (pantha), tracts like gastrointestinal tract (marga), body orifice like eyes, nose, ear, anus, vagina (sharira chhidra), closed passages (savrita), open passages (asavritni), sites like skin, lungs (sthana), habitation (niketa), spaces to be occupied by body constituents like liver and spleen (ashaya). [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 5/9] </p>
== Formation ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">Formation of srotasa starts in the uterine life, vayu mahabhuta along with equilibrium state of agni mahabhuta demarcates the channels (srotasa). [Su. Sa [[Sharira Sthana]] 4/28]] Similarly, when ovum is fertilized by sperm, genesis of zygote takes place. Further zygote divides into multiple cells in a process known as ‘cleavage’, triggering the beginning of embryonic diffraction. Later formation of different channels of the foetus takes place. </p>
== Classification ==
Srotasa are numerous in number because humans are a complex organism, and all body entities are made up of innumerable srotasa. [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 5/3] Fundamentally, every cell of the body could be understood as srotasa. As per the ayurvedic classics, srotasa can be broadly classified into two types:
<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li style="font-weight: bold;">Sthula (Gross): <span style="font-weight: normal;">They are further classified into two types:</span></li>
<ol type="a"><li style="font-weight: bold;">Bahiramukha (external openings): <span style="font-weight: normal;">Bahirmukha srotasa have external orifices on the body. Broadly they are nine in number [Su. Sa [[ Sharir Sthana]] 5/6]], two of them situated at the lower part of the body. Remaining seven are present in the upper part of the body. In females, three srotasa are mentioned below: [Su. Sa [[ Sharir Sthana]] 5/10]] </span></li>
{| class="wikitable"
! Male (9)
! Female (12)
|-
| 2 nostrils (nasa), external ear openings (karna), orbital opeings (akshi), mouth (mukh), external genitalia, anal orifice (guda)
| 9+ breast (stana), cervix or opeing of birth canal (yoni)
|}
<li style="font-weight: bold;">Internal openings (antarmukha): <span style="font-weight: normal;">As per Acharya Charaka there are 13 main internal openings described [Ch. Sa [[ Vimana Sthana]] 5/6]] and Acharya Sushruta mentioned 22 internal openings [Su Sa [[ Sharir Sthana]] 9/12]]: </span></li>
{| class="wikitable"
! Srotasa
! Root (moola) as per Charak Samhita
! Root (moola) as per Sushruta Samhita
|-
| Pranavaha srotasa (respiratory channels and vitality system )
| Heart (hridaya), gastroinstestinal tract (mahasrotasa)
| Heart (hridaya), branches of aorta rasavahini dhamani
|-
| Ambuvaha srotasa (water and fluid system)
| Soft palate (talu), gall bladder (kloma)
| Soft palate (talu), gall bladder (kloma)
|-
| Annavaha srotasa (digestive system)
| Stomach (amashaya), left lateral region of the abdomen (vamaparshva)
| Stomach (amashaya), esophagus (annavahini dhamani)
|-
| Rasavaha srotasa (plasma and lymphatic system)
| Heart (hridaya), branches of aorta (10 dhamani)
| Heart (hridaya), the vessels or channel or terminal branches of the aorta that transport nutrition to various parts of the body (rasvahini dhamani)
|-
| Raktavaha srotasa (blood and vascular system)
| Liver (yakrita), spleen (pleeha),
| Liver (yakrita), spleen (pleeha), blood vessels (raktavahini dhamani)
|-
| Mamsavaha srotasa (channels maintaining muscle physiology)
| Ligaments (snayu), 7 layers of skin (tvaka)
| Ligaments (snayu), seven layers of skin (tvak), raktavahini dhamani
|-
| Medavaha srotasa (channels for lipid physiology)
| Kidney (vrikka), omentum (vapavahana)
| Lumbar region (kati), kidney (vrikka)
|-
| Asthivaha srotasa (channels for fibrocartilaginous system)
| Bone or adipose tissue (meda), thigh (jaghana)
| -
|-
| Majjavaha srotasa(channels for locomotor system)
| Bones (asthi), joints (sandhi)
| -
|-
| Shukravaha srotasa (reproductive channels)
| Testicles (vrishana), the external genitalia (shepha)
| Breast (stana), testicles (vrishana)
|-
| Artavavaha srotasa (channels for menstruation)
| -
| Womb (garbhashaya), endometrial arteries (artavavahini dhamani)
|-
| Mutravaha srotasa (channels for urinary system)
| Urinary bladder (basti), groin region (vankshana)
| Urinary bladder (basti), the external genitalia (medhra)
|-
| Purishavaha srotasa (defecatory channels)
| Parts of the large intestine like cecum, rectum, sigmoid colon (pakvashaya), and anal canal (sthula guda)
| Parts of large intestine (pakvashaya), anal canal (guda)
|-
| Swedavaha srotasa (perspiratory channels)
| Fats (meda), hair follicles (lomakoopa)
| -
|-
|}
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</ol>