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== Etymology, Synonyms and Meaning ==

== Etymology, Synonyms and Meaning ==

<p style='text-align:justify;'>According to Monnier and William’s Dictionary Prabhava means might, power, majesty, dignity, strength and efficacy.<ref name="ref1">Sir Monier Monier Williams, A Sanskrit – English Dictionary, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi, first edition, 1986 reprint, pp.684 </ref> <br/>It is formed by Pra + bhāva, where “pra” denotes that it extraordinary or excessive or rich and bhava or the qualities or the actions.  <br/>So prabhāva can be considered as that extraordinary capacity of a drug to act on [[Vyadhi|diseases]] beyond expectation. <br/>The word prabhava is described as the shakti (strength or ability) with which special actions will be expressed by the drugs.<ref name="ref2">Srujan Jha, Shabdakalpadruma, Android app. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.shrutijha.sanskrit_sanskrit_on&gl=US </ref> Eg: Lakucha and [[Amalaki|Amalaki]] despite of being similar in [[Guna|guṇa (properties)]], show different actions, like tridoṣhahara property (prabhava) of [[Amalaki|amalaki]], is not seen in lakucha.<ref name="ref3">Bhavamishra. Bhavaprakash First part  </ref> Hemachandra considered it as [[Agni mahabhuta|Teja]] (energy or the light).<ref name="ref4">Hemachandra ?? </ref><br/>In the sarasundari commentary on the book Amarakoṣha, it is said as shaktivisheṣha (specific ability or strength), which will be formed from the superior form of the [[Veerya|veerya]].<ref name="ref5">Amarkosha commentary </ref></p>

<p style='text-align:justify;'>According to Monnier and William’s Dictionary Prabhava means might, power, majesty, dignity, strength and efficacy.<ref name="ref1">Sir Monier Monier Williams, A Sanskrit – English Dictionary, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi, first edition, 1986 reprint, pp.684 </ref> <br/>It is formed by Pra + bhava, where “pra” denotes that it extraordinary or excessive or rich and bhava or the qualities or the actions.  <br/>So prabhāva can be considered as that extraordinary capacity of a drug to act on [[Vyadhi|diseases]] beyond expectation. <br/>The word prabhava is described as the shakti (strength or ability) with which special actions will be expressed by the drugs.<ref name="ref2">Srujan Jha, Shabdakalpadruma, Android app. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.shrutijha.sanskrit_sanskrit_on&gl=US </ref> Eg: Lakucha and [[Amalaki|Amalaki]] despite of being similar in [[Guna|guṇa (properties)]], show different actions, like tridoṣhahara property (prabhava) of [[Amalaki|amalaki]], is not seen in lakucha.<ref name="ref3">Bhavamishra. Bhavaprakash First part  </ref> Hemachandra considered it as [[Agni mahabhuta|Teja]] (energy or the light).<ref name="ref4">Hemachandra ?? </ref><br/>In the sarasundari commentary on the book Amarakoṣha, it is said as shaktivisheṣha (specific ability or strength), which will be formed from the superior form of the [[Veerya|veerya]].<ref name="ref5">Amarkosha commentary </ref></p>

== Definition ==

== Definition ==

<li>Wearing gems stones (mani dharana)  causing some unpredictable effects and are considered as the prabhava of that gems. </li>

<li>Wearing gems stones (mani dharana)  causing some unpredictable effects and are considered as the prabhava of that gems. </li>

<li>[[Draksha|Draksha]] and madhuka have similar properties, but [[Draksha|Draksha]] acts as [[Virechana|virechana]] [[Dravya|dravya]] and madhūka does not have the property of [[Virechana|virechana]]. </li>

<li>[[Draksha|Draksha]] and madhuka have similar properties, but [[Draksha|Draksha]] acts as [[Virechana|virechana]] [[Dravya|dravya]] and madhūka does not have the property of [[Virechana|virechana]]. </li>

<li>[[Ghee|Ghrita (ghee)]] and dugdha (milk) have similar properties ([[Madhura|Madhura]] [[Rasa|rasa]] [[Madhura|madhura]] [[Vipaka|vipaka]]) and [[Ghee|ghrita]] acts as [[Deepana|dipana]], but dugdha does not. </li>

<li>[[Ghee|Ghrita (ghee)]] and dugdha (milk) have similar properties ([[Madhura|Madhura]] [[Rasa|rasa]] and [[Madhura|madhura]] [[Vipaka|vipaka]]) and [[Ghee|ghrita]] acts as [[Deepana|dipana]], but dugdha does not. </li>

<li>[[Lashuna|Lashuna]] decreases [[Vata dosha|vata]] and [[Kapha dosha|kapha dosha]], in spite of having snigdha and guru [[Guna|gunas]], which should increase [[Vata dosha|vata]] [[Kapha dosha|kapha]].</li>

<li>[[Lashuna|Lashuna]] decreases [[Vata dosha|vata]] and [[Kapha dosha|kapha dosha]], in spite of having snigdha and guru [[Guna|gunas]], which should increase [[Vata dosha|vata]] [[Kapha dosha|kapha]].</li>

<li>Even though rakta shali and yava have the similar properties, rakta shali decreases [[Tridosha|tridosha]] and yava increases [[Tridosha|tridoshas]].</li>

<li>Even though rakta shali and yava have the similar properties, rakta shali decreases [[Tridosha|tridosha]] and yava increases [[Tridosha|tridoshas]].</li>

<li>Medhya action of shankhapushpi, vishaghna action of Shirisha etc. can also be considered because of the prabhava. </li></ol></p>

<li>Medhya action of [[shankhapushpi]], vishaghna action of [[shirisha]] etc. can also be considered because of the prabhava. </li></ol></p>

== Assessment of prabhava ==

== Assessment of prabhava ==

<p style='text-align:justify;'>The knowledge of prabhava of [[Dravya|dravyas]] cannot be accessed by [[Yukti pramana|yukti]] or tarka. This can only be understood by the [[Pratyaksha pramana|pratyaksha pramana]] and shastra pramāna. So it is important for the vaidyas to know about the prabhava of the [[Dravya|dravya]] before using them for the treatment. Without the knowledge of the effects of the prabhava, if a drug is given to the patient considering only the [[Rasa|rasa]], vīrya and [[Vipaka|vipāka]], the drug may give rise to adverse-effects and can harm the patients. </p>

<p style='text-align:justify;'>The knowledge of prabhava of [[Dravya|dravyas]] cannot be accessed by [[Yukti pramana|yukti]] or tarka. This can only be understood by the [[Pratyaksha pramana|pratyaksha pramana]] and shastra pramāna. So it is important for the vaidyas to know about the prabhava of the [[Dravya|dravya]] before using them for the treatment. Without the knowledge of the effects of the prabhava, if a drug is given to the patient considering only the [[Rasa|rasa]], [[veerya]] and [[vipaka]], the drug may give rise to adverse-effects and can harm the patients. </p>

== Concept of samana pratyarabdha and vichitra pratyarabdha ==

== Concept of samana pratyarabdha and vichitra pratyarabdha ==

== Contemporary approach ==

== Contemporary approach ==

=== Phytochemical point of view: ===

=== Phytochemical views: ===

<p style='text-align:justify;'>The action of the drugs can be attributed to the various chemical contents or phyto-active compounds present in that particular drug. Each and every drug will have many chemically active compounds. The net action or the pharmacodynamics of all the chemical contents will decide the pharmacodynamics of that particular drug, especially herbal drugs. There may be some contradictory actions or opposite actions among various active chemicals present in that particular herbal drug. The properties of the drug also taken from the cumulative nature of all the properties of that drug. Sometimes, the chemicals corresponding to the action may not be in a observable quantity or they may not express their [[Guna|guṇa]] like [[Rasa|rasa]], [[Guna|guna]], [[Veerya|veerya]] and [[Vipaka|vipaka]], but may show the action. Such chemical may be responsible for the action on various ailments. These actions shown by the chemicals which do not express their properties can be taken as prabhava of that particular drugs. </p>

<p style='text-align:justify;'>The action of the drugs can be attributed to the various chemical contents or phyto active compounds present in that particular drug. Each and every drug will have many chemically active compounds. The net action or the pharmacodynamics of all the chemical contents will decide the pharmacodynamics of that particular drug, especially herbal drugs. There may be some contradictory actions or opposite actions among various active chemicals present in that particular herbal drug. The properties of the drug also taken from the cumulative nature of all the properties of that drug. Sometimes, the chemicals corresponding to the action may not be in a observable quantity or they may not express their [[guna]] like [[Rasa|rasa]], [[Guna|guna]], [[Veerya|veerya]] and [[Vipaka|vipaka]], but may show the action. Such chemical may be responsible for the action on various ailments. These actions shown by the chemicals which do not express their properties can be taken as prabhava of that particular drugs. </p>

=== Psycho-spiritual therapy: ===

=== Psycho-spiritual therapy ===

<p style='text-align:justify;'>The effects of the gems stones on human [[Health|health]] can be explained in view of psycho spiritual therapy . The gem stones are related to the various grahas (planetary actions) and can satisfy or nullify the effects of various planetary motions on human [[Sharira|body]]. These effects are also considered as prabhava. <br/>Some psychological effects are seen when perceived by the sense organs like feeling of happiness by seeing a loved person, secretion of saliva by seeing or smelling tasy food etc, can also be considered as prabhava. These also have effect on the pscyho-somatic well being of the humans. These can be used to treat the conditions caused by [[Asatmendriyarthasamyoga|asatmendriyartha samyoga]] (disease caused by the abnormal utilization of the sense organs). </p>

<p style='text-align:justify;'>The effects of the gems stones on human [[Health|health]] can be explained in view of psycho spiritual therapy . The gem stones are related to the various grahas (planetary actions) and can satisfy or nullify the effects of various planetary motions on human [[Sharira|body]]. These effects are also considered as prabhava. <br/>Some psychological effects are seen when perceived by the sense organs like feeling of happiness by seeing a loved person, secretion of saliva by seeing or smelling tasy food etc, can also be considered as prabhava. These also have effect on the pscyho-somatic well being of the humans. These can be used to treat the conditions caused by [[Asatmendriyarthasamyoga|asatmendriyartha samyoga]] (disease caused by the abnormal utilization of the sense organs). </p>

== Conclusion ==

== Conclusion ==

<p style='text-align:justify;'>From the concepts of prabhava it can be understood that prabhava of the drugs plays a major role clinically. Even though prabhava is unpredictable with [[Rasa|rasa]], [[Guna|guna]], [[Veerya|virya]] and [[Vipaka|vipaka]], it has got very vast clinical importance and application.  </p>

<p style='text-align:justify;'>From the concepts of prabhava it can be understood that prabhava of the drugs plays a major role clinically. Even though prabhava is unpredictable with [[Rasa|rasa]], [[Guna|guna]], [[veerya]] and [[Vipaka|vipaka]], it has got very vast clinical importance and application.  </p>

== Further reading ==

== Further reading ==