Changes

<ul><li>Systematic regular exercise can improve cognitive function and memory. <ref name="ref10">Ptomey LT, Szabo AN, Willis EA, Gorczyca AM, Greene JL, Danon JC, et al. Changes in cognitive function after a 12-week exercise intervention in adults with Down syndrome. Disabil Heal J. 2019;11(3):486–90.</ref>.</li>  

<ul><li>Systematic regular exercise can improve cognitive function and memory. <ref name="ref10">Ptomey LT, Szabo AN, Willis EA, Gorczyca AM, Greene JL, Danon JC, et al. Changes in cognitive function after a 12-week exercise intervention in adults with Down syndrome. Disabil Heal J. 2019;11(3):486–90.</ref>.</li>  

<li>Exercise can be used as a tool for primary prevention in the past phase (before the onset), secondary prevention (in present cases) and prognosis of heart failure. <ref name="ref11">Cattadori G, Segurini C, Picozzi A, Padeletti L, Anzà C. Exercise and heart failure: an update. ESC Hear Fail. 2018;5(2):222–32.</ref>. </li>

<li>Exercise can be used as a tool for primary prevention in the past phase (before the onset), secondary prevention (in present cases) and prognosis of heart failure. <ref name="ref11">Cattadori G, Segurini C, Picozzi A, Padeletti L, Anzà C. Exercise and heart failure: an update. ESC Hear Fail. 2018;5(2):222–32.</ref>. </li>

<li>Regular aerobic exercise can decrease the depressive symptoms and thereby the pro-inflammatory IL6. <ref name="ref12">Ventura J, McEwen S, Subotnik K, Hellemann G, Ghadiali M, Rahimdel A, et al.<br/>Changes in inflammation are related to depression and amount of aerobic exercise in first <br/>episode schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(1):213–6.</ref>.  </li>

<li>Regular aerobic exercise can decrease the depressive symptoms and thereby the pro-inflammatory IL6. <ref name="ref12">Ventura J, McEwen S, Subotnik K, Hellemann G, Ghadiali M, Rahimdel A, et al. Changes in inflammation are related to depression and amount of aerobic exercise in first episode schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(1):213–6.</ref>.  </li>

<li>A study recommends that hypertensive individuals should aim to perform moderate intensity aerobic exercise activity for at least 30 minutes on most (preferably all) days of the week in addition to resistance exercises on 2–3 days/week. <ref name="ref13">Sharman JE, La Gerche A, Coombes JS. Exercise and cardiovascular risk in patients with <br/>hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(2):147–58.</ref>. </li>

<li>A study recommends that hypertensive individuals should aim to perform moderate intensity aerobic exercise activity for at least 30 minutes on most (preferably all) days of the week in addition to resistance exercises on 2–3 days/week. <ref name="ref13">Sharman JE, La Gerche A, Coombes JS. Exercise and cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(2):147–58.</ref>. </li>

<li>Studies show that there is no improvement in Hba1c with high dose of exercise. <ref name="ref14">Wrench E, Rattley K, Lambert JE, Killick R, Hayes LD, Lauder RM, et al. There is no <br/>dose–response relationship between the amount of exercise and improvement in HbA1c in <br/>interventions over 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and meta- <br/>regression. Acta Diabetol [Internet]. 2022;59(11):1399–415. Available from: <br/>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-022-01918-8. </ref> </li>

<li>Studies show that there is no improvement in Hba1c with high dose of exercise. <ref name="ref14">Wrench E, Rattley K, Lambert JE, Killick R, Hayes LD, Lauder RM, et al. There is no dose–response relationship between the amount of exercise and improvement in HbA1c in interventions over 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and meta- regression. Acta Diabetol [Internet]. 2022;59(11):1399–415. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-022-01918-8. </ref> </li>

<li>Low amount of moderate intensity exercise combined with diet is the most effective intervention for improving health-related quality of life. Also, low amount of moderate intensity exercise provides the greatest impact on mental well- being. <ref name="ref15">Collins KA, Ross LM, Piner LW, Fos LB, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, et al. Amount and <br/>intensity effects of exercise training alone versus a combined diet and exercise lifestyle <br/>intervention on health-related quality of life in the STRRIDE-PD randomized trial. BMJ <br/>Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10(1):1–10. </ref>. </li>  

<li>Low amount of moderate intensity exercise combined with diet is the most effective intervention for improving health-related quality of life. Also, low amount of moderate intensity exercise provides the greatest impact on mental well- being. <ref name="ref15">Collins KA, Ross LM, Piner LW, Fos LB, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, et al. Amount and intensity effects of exercise training alone versus a combined diet and exercise lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life in the STRRIDE-PD randomized trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10(1):1–10. </ref>. </li>  

<li>Chronic exposure to exercise in obese children and adolescents shows increase in heart rate, parasympathetic activity and sympathetic-vagal balance. <ref name="ref16">Dias RM, Moraes ÍAP, Dantas MTAP, Fernani DCGL, Fontes AMGG, Silveira AC, et al. <br/>Influence of chronic exposure to exercise on heart rate variability in children and adolescents <br/>affected by obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. <br/>2021;18(21):1–14.</ref>. </li>

<li>Chronic exposure to exercise in obese children and adolescents shows increase in heart rate, parasympathetic activity and sympathetic-vagal balance. <ref name="ref16">Dias RM, Moraes ÍAP, Dantas MTAP, Fernani DCGL, Fontes AMGG, Silveira AC, et al. Influence of chronic exposure to exercise on heart rate variability in children and adolescents affected by obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):1–14.</ref>. </li>

<li>Voluntary exercise helps in the influx of immune cells in tumors, and reduction in tumor incidence and growth among mouse models. <ref name="ref17">Idorn M, thor Straten P. Exercise and cancer: from “healthy” to “therapeutic”? Cancer <br/>Immunol Immunother. 2017;66(5):667–71.</ref>.   

<li>Voluntary exercise helps in the influx of immune cells in tumors, and reduction in tumor incidence and growth among mouse models. <ref name="ref17">Idorn M, thor Straten P. Exercise and cancer: from “healthy” to “therapeutic”? Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2017;66(5):667–71.</ref>.   

<li>Aerobic exercise is the best tool for treating Parkinson's disease <ref name="ref18">Alberts JL, Rosenfeldt AB. The Universal Prescription for Parkinson’s Disease: Exercise. <br/>J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(s1):S21–7.</ref>. </li>  

<li>Aerobic exercise is the best tool for treating Parkinson's disease <ref name="ref18">Alberts JL, Rosenfeldt AB. The Universal Prescription for Parkinson’s Disease: Exercise. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(s1):S21–7.</ref>. </li>  

<li>Physical exercise can be used as an alternative to antidepressants in older adults <ref name="ref19">López-Torres Hidalgo J, Aguilar Salmerón L, Boix Gras C, Campos Rosa M, Escobar <br/>Rabadán F, Escolano Vizcaíno C, et al. Effectiveness of physical exercise in the <br/>treatment of depression in older adults as an alternative to antidepressant drugs in <br/>primary care. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):1–7.</ref>.</li></ul>

<li>Physical exercise can be used as an alternative to antidepressants in older adults <ref name="ref19">López-Torres Hidalgo J, Aguilar Salmerón L, Boix Gras C, Campos Rosa M, Escobar Rabadán F, Escolano Vizcaíno C, et al. Effectiveness of physical exercise in the treatment of depression in older adults as an alternative to antidepressant drugs in primary care. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):1–7.</ref>.</li></ul>