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→Etymology and derivation
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The word kapha is derived from root “kena jalena phalati iti kapha”.<ref name="ref2">Amarkosha. Amarsimha, Edited by Pt. Haragovindasastri. Reprint Ed. Varanasi:Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2020.</ref> It implies that water is the foundation of the kapha. The term ‘Shleshma’ used for kapha is derived from the root “ shlish alingane”.<ref name="ref3">Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>[Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/5] The meaning is to cohere, to keep together, or to adhere. </div>
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The word kapha is derived from root “kena jalena phalati iti kapha”.<ref name="ref2">Amarkosha. Amarsimha, Edited by Pt. Haragovindasastri. Reprint Ed. Varanasi:Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2020.</ref> It implies that water is the foundation of the kapha. The term ‘Shleshma’ used for kapha is derived from the root “ shlish alingane”.<ref name="ref3">Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>[Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/5] The meaning is to cohere, to keep together, or to adhere. </div>
=== Synonyms:<ref name="ref3"/><ref name="ref4">Madhavakar. Madhava Nidanam. Edited by SashtriSudarshana, UpadhayaYadunandana. 30th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana; 2000.</ref> ====
=== Synonyms:<ref name="ref3"/><ref name="ref4">Madhavakar. Madhava Nidanam. Edited by SashtriSudarshana, UpadhayaYadunandana. 30th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana; 2000.</ref> ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>In normal states-Shleshma [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/12], bala[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117], oja[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117], balasa[Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/74]<ref name="ref3"/> [Vachaspati on M.N. 2/40]<ref name="ref4"/>balasaka[Vijayarakshita on M.N. 2/40]<ref name="ref4"/>, Soma[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/12] </div>
<div style='text-align:justify;'>In normal states-Shleshma [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/12], bala[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117], oja[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117], balasa[Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/74]<ref name="ref3"/> [Vachaspati on M.N. 2/40]<ref name="ref4"/> balasaka[Vijayarakshita on M.N. 2/40]<ref name="ref4"/>, Soma[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/12] <br/>In abnormal states- Papma, mala[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/117]</div>
=== Various aspects: ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Kapha is related to bala(strength) to perform work. It is a potential source of resistance to disease and aging. It is responsible for union and integration. Soma or water in the body, is implicit in the kapha. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/12] The body weight and growth are both regulated by kapha. It bestows stability and toughness. It is a crucial element in the healing process and is regarded as virility, robust sexual health, and reproductive ability. All biological fluids, whether internal or extracellular, are composed of kapha and serve essential purpose of body. It oversees many types of cohesiveness between cells, tissue, and organs. </div>
== Bhautika composition ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Kapha dosha has dominance of Jala and Prithvi mahabhuta.<ref name="ref5">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Samgraha. Edited by Shivprasadsharma. 3rd Ed., Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2012.</ref>[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/2] Although all the mahabhuta participate in the composition, jala mahabhuta expresses dominant role and Prithvi mahabhuta as secondary. Acharya sushruta opines that kapha dosha originatesfrom saumya or jalamahabhuta.<ref name="ref3"/>[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana42/5] [DalhanaSu.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/8](Figure 01) </div>
=== Kapha dosha and triguna ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>All the living & nonliving thingsoriginate from panchamahabhuta. These panchamahabhutaoriginate from trigunatmaka prakriti as described in evolution process (utpatti karma). Dosha evolve from panchamahbhuta, so these dosha bear triguna property. Sushruta stated that kaphaevolved from jala and prithvi. Jala has sattva and tama predominance. Prithvihas tama predominance <ref name="ref3"/> [Su. Sa.ShariraSthana 1/20] Shharangdhara and Bhavaprakashopine that kaphahas tama predominance. [Sha.Sa.Pratham Khand 5]<ref name="ref6">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: ChaukhambhaSurabharatiPrakashan ;2013.</ref> [Bha. Pra. Purva Khand 3/103]<ref name="ref7">Bhava mishra. Bhavaprakasha, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.</ref> (Figure 01)
[[File:Fig1.jpg|center|Figure 01: Relation between Triguna, Mahabhuta and Kapha Dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 01: Relation between Triguna, Mahabhuta and Kapha Dosha.'''</center></div>