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== Vedant philosophy ==
== Vedant philosophy ==
In the text ‘Vedant Sara’, in context of explaining the surge of universe, it is mentioned that Chaitanya (consciousness), when covered by tamas dominance, creates akasha. Thereafter, vayu is originates from akasha; teja originates from vayu and further jala originates from teja. Lastly prithvi originates from jala. At this time, these subtle elements (sukshmabhuta) or tanmatras are apanchikruta<ref>ShrimatsadanandYogeendra, Vedantsar, Verse 18, Chaukhambha Publishers, Varanasi,1998, P28</ref> (singular and not quintupled)..
<div style='text-align:justify;'>In the text ‘Vedant Sara’, in context of explaining the surge of universe, it is mentioned that Chaitanya (consciousness), when covered by tamas dominance, creates akasha. Thereafter, vayu is originates from akasha; teja originates from vayu and further jala originates from teja. Lastly prithvi originates from jala. At this time, these subtle elements (sukshmabhuta) or tanmatras are apanchikruta<ref>ShrimatsadanandYogeendra, Vedantsar, Verse 18, Chaukhambha Publishers, Varanasi,1998, P28</ref> (singular and not quintupled)..
<br/>Panchikarana (quintiplication) is the process explained by Vedanta for the formation of gross elements from tanmatras.
<br/>Panchikarana (quintiplication) is the process explained by Vedanta for the formation of gross elements from tanmatras.</div>
== Vaisheshika philosophy ==
== Vaisheshika philosophy ==
According to Vaisheshika philosophy, at the initial stage, there are parmanus (atoms) of four mahabhuta (namely vayu, agni, jala, prithvi). The gross mahabhutas are created from those paramanu.<ref>Vd. A. Bhatkar, Padarthvidnyan, Rajni Publisher, Nagpur,2008, P. 44.</ref>
<div style='text-align:justify;'>According to Vaisheshika philosophy, at the initial stage, there are parmanus (atoms) of four mahabhuta (namely vayu, agni, jala, prithvi). The gross mahabhutas are created from those paramanu.<ref>Vd. A. Bhatkar, Padarthvidnyan, Rajni Publisher, Nagpur,2008, P. 44.</ref></div>
== Ayurveda ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four principles (chaturvinshatitatvatmak purusha) are listed in Charak Samhita. Instead of 25 principles mentioned by Samkhya, here only 24 principles are counted. The purusha and prakriti considered as one principle that is avyakta.[12] These principles are classified into two categories – 8 prakriti (creators) and 16 vikara (creations)[Cha.Sa. ShariraSthana1/63].Tanmatras are considered as prakriti tattva and para (supreme). [Cha.Sa. ShariraSthana 1/35] Sushruta explained the surge in universe, counted 24 principles (tattva). He has mentioned the creation of tanmatras from tamasa and rajasa ahankara. [Su.Sa. ShariraSthana 1]</div>
== Theories of origination of mahabhutas from tanmatras ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>There are various opinions about origination of gross elements (mahabhutas) from subtle elements (tanmatras)
<ol><li>Each mahabhuta originates from its own tanmatra. As commented by Shri Gaudapad on Sankhyakarika, akasha originated from shabdatanmatra, vayu from sparshatanmatra, agni from rupatanmatra, jala from rasa tanmatra and prithvi from gandhatanmatra respectively.<ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika,Verse3 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P4.</ref>
<li>Quintiplication (panchikarana): <br/>In Vedant philosophy, it is believed that for formation of each gross element all tanmatras take part in specific proportion. The dominance of concerned tanmatra gives rise to the concerned mahabhoota. That is in each sthulabhuta 50% or ½ portion will show dominance of its own tanmatra and rest four tanmatras will occupy 1/8th portion (12.50%) each. This is known as panchikarana.<ref>ShrimatsadanandYogeendra, Vedantsar, Verse 28, Chaukhambha Publishers, Varanasi.1998,P.36.</ref></li>
For example, akasha mahabhoota is formed by combination of - 50% of shabdatanmatra, 12.5% of sparshatanmatra, 12.5% of rupatanmatra, 12.5% of rasa tanmatra and 12.5% of gandhatanmatra.
<li>Addition of properties (kramotpatti<ref>Dr. V.J. Thakar, AyurvediyaMaulik Siddhant, Gujrat Ayurved University, Jamnagar,1985, P.136.</ref>/ bhutantaraanupravesha<ref>Chakrapani, Ayurved Dipika Vyakhya on CharakaSamhitaSharirSthan 1 verse28 ChaukhambaSurbharati Publication, 1992, P.289.</ref>/ ekottarparivriddhi<ref>Dalhan ,NibandhSangrahacommentary on SushrutSamhita,Sharir Sthana,Chapter1,Verse 4,Chaukhamba Orientallia, Varanasi 1997,p 339.</ref>)<br/>When the gross elements originate from its own tanmatra, the previous element’s tanmatra also plays role in its creation. That means first akash originates from shabdatanmatra. Thereafter, vayumahabhoota originates from sparshatanmatra along with shabdatanmatra. So vayu shows two qualities shabda and sparsha, and so on/ The properties of each mahabhuta in sequential formation are shown in table below. </li></ol></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="align:left;"
|+ Table: Sequential formation of mahabhuta, their properties with tanmatra:
! No
! Tanmatra
! Mahabhuta
! Guna
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| Shabda
| Akash
| Shabda
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| Shabda + Sparsha
| Vayu
| Shabda, Sparsha
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| Shabda + Sparsha + Rupa
| Agni
| Shabda, Sparsha, Rupa
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| Shabda + Sparsha + Rupa + Rasa
| Jala
| Shabda, Sparsha, Rupa, Rasa
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| Shabda + Sparsha + Rupa + Rasa + Gandha
| Pruthvi
| Shabda, Sparsha, Rupa, Rasa, Gandha
|-
|}
== References ==
== References ==