Changes

The scope of direct observation is very limited for an individual, as there are infinite and unknown phenomena that cannot be assessed by pratyaksha alone.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 11/7] There are hindrances to acquirement of knowledge through the medium of pratyaksha as mentioned earlier. Thus, many times it is necessary to combine the knowledge from all sources like authoritative statements (aaptopadesha), analogy (upamana), inference (anumana), logical reasoning (yukti) to acquire correct knowledge regarding any phenomena. One who might have practical experience regarding different treatment procedures and surgical interventions, but lacks theoretical and fundamental knowledge cannot succeed in endeavors and does not gain validation from peers and authority. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 3/49]<ref name=Susruta/> Thus, the knowledge of pratyaksha should be combined with the theoretical study to obtain precision and proficiency in treatment.

The scope of direct observation is very limited for an individual, as there are infinite and unknown phenomena that cannot be assessed by pratyaksha alone.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 11/7] There are hindrances to acquirement of knowledge through the medium of pratyaksha as mentioned earlier. Thus, many times it is necessary to combine the knowledge from all sources like authoritative statements (aaptopadesha), analogy (upamana), inference (anumana), logical reasoning (yukti) to acquire correct knowledge regarding any phenomena. One who might have practical experience regarding different treatment procedures and surgical interventions, but lacks theoretical and fundamental knowledge cannot succeed in endeavors and does not gain validation from peers and authority. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 3/49]<ref name=Susruta/> Thus, the knowledge of pratyaksha should be combined with the theoretical study to obtain precision and proficiency in treatment.

==Related chapters==

=== Articles referred ===

 

 

'''Articles referred'''

#Dilip Kumar G in his editorial note for the Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine has discussed the basic concept of pratyaksha along with the exceptions for direct observations.<ref>G Dilip Kumar. Concept of Direct Perception in Ayurveda. JONAM [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Nov 30];2(8). Available from: https://medwinpublishers.com/JONAM/JONAM16000159.pdf</ref>  

#Dilip Kumar G in his editorial note for the Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine has discussed the basic concept of pratyaksha along with the exceptions for direct observations.<ref>G Dilip Kumar. Concept of Direct Perception in Ayurveda. JONAM [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Nov 30];2(8). Available from: https://medwinpublishers.com/JONAM/JONAM16000159.pdf</ref>  

#Prashant Kumar Jhas explained the concept of pratyakshapramana in purview of Indian philosophy and epithetical basis of the same.<ref>Jha DPK. Concept of Pratyaksha Pramana: A Brief Review Of Indian Philosophy. 2019;25:5.</ref>  

#Prashant Kumar Jhas explained the concept of pratyakshapramana in purview of Indian philosophy and epithetical basis of the same.<ref>Jha DPK. Concept of Pratyaksha Pramana: A Brief Review Of Indian Philosophy. 2019;25:5.</ref>  

#Brooks in his article, “Epistemology and Embodiment: Diagnosis and the Senses in Classical Ayurvedic Medicine” explained the application of epistemology and philosophy for the purpose of diagnosis of different diseases according to [[Ayurveda]].<ref>Brooks LA. Epistemology and Embodiment: Diagnosis and the Senses in Classical Ayurvedic Medicine. Asian Review of World Histories. 2018 Jan 30;6(1):98–135.</ref>  

#Brooks in his article, “Epistemology and Embodiment: Diagnosis and the Senses in Classical Ayurvedic Medicine” explained the application of epistemology and philosophy for the purpose of diagnosis of different diseases according to [[Ayurveda]].<ref>Brooks LA. Epistemology and Embodiment: Diagnosis and the Senses in Classical Ayurvedic Medicine. Asian Review of World Histories. 2018 Jan 30;6(1):98–135.</ref>  

#R. Bhat explained the concept of pratyaksha to understand the disease pathology according to contemporary science by explanation of various terms related to the concept.<ref>Pratyaksha Pramana: Knowledge Perception Through Sense Organs [Internet]. Easy Ayurveda. 2017 [cited 2021 Nov 30]. Available from: https://www.easyayurveda.com/2017/04/20/pratyaksha-pramana/</ref>  

#R. Bhat explained the concept of pratyaksha to understand the disease pathology according to contemporary science by explanation of various terms related to the concept.<ref name=easy ayurveda/>  

#Bhalerao S. discussed that observational and instrumentation skills can be correlated as extension of knowledge of pratyaksha and form the psychomotor domain of blooms taxonomy.<ref name= Bhalerao/>   

#Bhalerao S. discussed that observational and instrumentation skills can be correlated as extension of knowledge of pratyaksha and form the psychomotor domain of blooms taxonomy.<ref name= Bhalerao/>   

#Aparna S. et al. has explained the consideration of pratyakshabadhakara bhava as method to rectify the knowledge obtained through pratyaksha.<ref>Aparna Shanbhag et al.  Pratyaksha Badhakara Bhava - The Intention behind invention. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2020;4:134-137</ref>  

#Aparna S. et al. has explained the consideration of pratyaksha badhakara bhava as method to rectify the knowledge obtained through pratyaksha.<ref>Aparna Shanbhag et al.  Pratyaksha Badhakara Bhava - The Intention behind invention. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2020;4:134-137</ref>  

#Ankita A. has explored the role of different pramana as research tools considering the pratyakshapramana as tool for data collection and observation.<ref>Ankita A A REVIEW ON ROLE OF PRAMANAS IN AYURVEDIC RESEARCH METHODOLO-GY. IAMJ. 2021 Feb 21;9(2):423–9.</ref>  

#Ankita A. has explored the role of different pramana as research tools considering the pratyaksha pramana as tool for data collection and observation.<ref>Ankita A. A Review on role of pramana in Ayurvedic research methodology. IAMJ. 2021 Feb 21;9(2):423–9.</ref>  

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