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==Concept of prana in [[Ayurveda]]==

==Concept of prana in [[Ayurveda]]==

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The term prana is used for the vitality of life or life force. It is essential to understand the concept of prana and its importance in life-threatening emergency conditions.There are twelve sites of vitality (prana).  Ayurvedic texts use the word ‘Prana’ as a synonym for certain body constituents. Prana is also used as a prefix to the names of certain body constituents.This indicates these body constituents are most vital, for saving a life. [[Agni]], Soma, Vayu, Sattva, Rajas, Tamas, [[Atma]] and [[Pancha mahabhuta]].[Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/3]  

The term prana is used for the vitality of life or life force. It is essential to understand the concept of prana and its importance in life-threatening emergency conditions.There are twelve sites of vitality (prana).  Ayurvedic texts use the word ‘Prana’ as a synonym for certain body constituents. Prana is also used as a prefix to the names of certain body constituents.This indicates these body constituents are most vital, for saving a life. [[Agni]], Soma, Vayu, Sattva, Rajas, Tamas, [[Atma]] and [[Pancha mahabhuta]].[Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/3]<ref name=SU />

   

   

The two temples, the three vital organs, the throat, rakta dhatu (blood), shukra dhatu (reproductive tissue), oja (the vital essence), and the anus are ten sites of life forces (prana).[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 29/3]

The two temples, the three vital organs, the throat, rakta dhatu (blood), shukra dhatu (reproductive tissue), oja (the vital essence), and the anus are ten sites of life forces (prana).[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 29/3]

Prana vayu is one of the five types of [[Vata dosha]][Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa  Sthana]]28/234].Food (anna)[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]].24.60], water (udaka)[A.S.Sutra Sthana.6.11], and strength or immunity (balam) are factors influencing vitality[Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 17/13].  

Prana vayu is one of the five types of [[Vata dosha]][Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa  Sthana]] 28/234].Food (anna)[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]24/60], water (udaka)[A.S.Sutra Sthana.6.11]<ref name=AS>Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</REF> and strength or immunity (balam) are factors influencing vitality[Dalhana, on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 17/13].<ref name=SU />

The vitality from external sources or nature (bahya prana) and internal vitality (abhyantara prana) sustain human life. The vitality from external sources or nature is converted into internal vitality through channels of transportation and transformation of vitality (pranavaha srotasa) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 17/13]. The vitality especially depends on blood tissue (rakta)[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24/4], essence ([[oja]]) (Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]28/4], digestion, and metabolism ([[agni]])[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]15/3,4]. It is presented through sensory and motor organs (indriya)[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]1/48].  

The vitality from external sources or nature (bahya prana) and internal vitality (abhyantara prana) sustain human life. The vitality from external sources or nature is converted into internal vitality through channels of transportation and transformation of vitality (pranavaha srotasa) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 17/13].<ref name=SU/> The vitality especially depends on blood tissue (rakta)[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24/4], essence ([[oja]]) (Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]28/4], digestion, and metabolism ([[agni]])[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]15/3,4]. It is presented through sensory and motor organs (indriya)[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]1/48].  

Injury to the umbilicus (nabhi)[Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 7/5], channels carrying nutrient fluid (rasavaha srotasa)[Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 9/12], blood vessels (sira) can lead to sudden death(Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 7/5].  

Injury to the umbilicus (nabhi)[Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 7/5], channels carrying nutrient fluid (rasavaha srotasa)[Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 9/12]<ref name=SU/>, blood vessels (sira) can lead to sudden death(Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 7/5].<ref name=SU/>

Commonly observed clinical features in an emergency:  

Commonly observed clinical features in an emergency:  

* Acute organ failure  

* Acute organ failure  

* Clinical features of the affliction of vital organs can cause death within seven days (sadya pranahara marma) like loss of perception, sudden vomiting, excess perspiration, a sudden feeling of heaviness [A.Sa.Sharira Sthana 7/47]

* Clinical features of the affliction of vital organs can cause death within seven days (sadya pranahara marma) like loss of perception, sudden vomiting, excess perspiration, a sudden feeling of heaviness [A.Sa.Sharira Sthana 7/47]<ref name=AS/>

The clinical features of near-death patients are described in chapters of [[Indriya Sthana]].

The clinical features of near-death patients are described in chapters of [[Indriya Sthana]].