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''Dravyas'' (drugs) which have properties of ''guru'' (heavy), ''khara'' (coarse), ''kathina'' (hard), ''manda'' (slow), ''sthira'' (stable), ''vishada'' (non-slimy), ''sandra'' (solid), ''sthula'' (gross) possess the predominant ''gandha guna'' of ''parthiva'' (i.e., primarily made up of ''prithvi bhuta'') exert actions like ''upachaya'' (development), ''sanghata'' (compactness), ''gaurava'' (heaviness) and ''sthairya'' (firmness).

''Dravyas'' (drugs) which have properties of ''guru'' (heavy), ''khara'' (coarse), ''kathina'' (hard), ''manda'' (slow), ''sthira'' (stable), ''vishada'' (non-slimy), ''sandra'' (solid), ''sthula'' (gross) possess the predominant ''gandha guna'' of ''parthiva'' (i.e., primarily made up of [[prithvi mahabhuta]]) exert actions like ''upachaya'' (development), ''sanghata'' (compactness), ''gaurava'' (heaviness) and ''sthairya'' (firmness).

Those having properties of ''drava'' (liquid), ''snigdha'' (unctuous), ''sheeta'' (cold), ''manda'' (slow), ''mridu'' (soft), ''pichchila'' (slimy) and the predominant rasa is ''apya'' (i.e., constituting primarily of ''apa'' ''bhuta'') exert actions like ''upakleda'' (moistening), sneha (unction), bandha (binding), vishyanda (oozing), mardava (softening) and pralhad (exhilaration).   

Those having properties of ''drava'' (liquid), ''snigdha'' (unctuous), ''sheeta'' (cold), ''manda'' (slow), ''mridu'' (soft), ''pichchila'' (slimy) and the predominant rasa is ''apya'' (i.e., constituting primarily of [[jala mahabhuta]]) exert actions like ''upakleda'' (moistening), sneha (unction), bandha (binding), vishyanda (oozing), mardava (softening) and pralhad (exhilaration).   

      

      

''Dravyas'' with properties of ''ushna'' (hot), ''tikshna'' (sharp), ''sukshma'' (minute), ''laghu'' (light), ''ruksha'' (rough), ''vishada'' (non-slimy) and predominant ''rupa'' is ''agneya'' (i.e., constituting primarily of ''agni'' (''tejas bhuta'')) produce ''daha'' (burning/heat), ''paka'' (digestion), ''prabha'' (luster), ''prakash'' (light) and ''varna'' (complexion).

''Dravyas'' with properties of ''ushna'' (hot), ''tikshna'' (sharp), ''sukshma'' (minute), ''laghu'' (light), ''ruksha'' (rough), ''vishada'' (non-slimy) and predominant ''rupa'' is ''agneya'' (i.e., constituting primarily of ''agni'' ([[teja mahabhuta]])) produce ''daha'' (burning/heat), ''paka'' (digestion), ''prabha'' (luster), ''prakash'' (light) and ''varna'' (complexion).

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''Dravyas'' having properties of ''laghu'' (light), ''sheeta'' (cold), ''ruksha'' (rough), ''khara'' (coarse), ''vishada'' (non-slimy), ''sukshma'' (minute) and the predominant ''sparsha'' is ''vayavya'' (i.e., primarily made up of ''vayu bhuta''). They produce actions of ''raukshya'' (roughness), ''glani'' (depression), ''vichara'' (movement), ''vaishdya'' (non-sliminess) and ''laghava'' (lightness).

''Dravyas'' having properties of ''laghu'' (light), ''sheeta'' (cold), ''ruksha'' (rough), ''khara'' (coarse), ''vishada'' (non-slimy), ''sukshma'' (minute) and the predominant ''sparsha'' is ''vayavya'' (i.e., primarily made up of [[vayu mahabhuta]]). They produce actions of ''raukshya'' (roughness), ''glani'' (depression), ''vichara'' (movement), ''vaishdya'' (non-sliminess) and ''laghava'' (lightness).

''Dravyas'' having predominance in the properties of ''mridu'' (soft), ''laghu'' (light), ''sukshma'' (minute), ''shlakshna'' (smooth)and the predominantly ''shabda'' are ''akashiya'' (constituted predominantly of [[akasha bhuta]]). They exert actions of softening, hollowing and making light. [11]

''Dravyas'' having predominance in the properties of ''mridu'' (soft), ''laghu'' (light), ''sukshma'' (minute), ''shlakshna'' (smooth)and the predominantly ''shabda'' are ''akashiya'' (constituted predominantly of [[akasha mahabhuta]]). They exert actions of softening, hollowing and making light. [11]

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