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==='''Effects of Excessive Quantity of Food-'''===

==='''Effects of Excessive Quantity of Food'''===

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Excessive food triggers all three [[doshas]]' vitiation as there is no space left for [[doshas]]' functioning. [[Doshas]] are the main functional unit of human physiology. [[Doshas]] govern the physiology of digestion. Samana [[vayu]] functions nearby the abode of digestive fire (jatharagni), kindles [[agni]]. Prana [[vayu]] and apana [[vayu]] supports the functions of [[agni]]. Pachaka [[pitta]] when devoid of its liquid property, functions as digestive fire [A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 12/10-11]. Kledaka [[kapha]] is responsible to moisten the ingested food. Thus the process of digestion is driven by [[doshas]].  

Excessive food triggers all three [[doshas]]' vitiation as there is no space left for [[doshas]]' functioning. [[Doshas]] are the main functional unit of human physiology. [[Doshas]] govern the physiology of digestion. Samana [[vayu]] functions nearby the abode of digestive fire (jatharagni), kindles [[agni]]. Prana [[vayu]] and apana [[vayu]] supports the functions of [[agni]]. Pachaka [[pitta]] when devoid of its liquid property, functions as digestive fire [A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 12/10-11]. Kledaka [[kapha]] is responsible to moisten the ingested food. Thus the process of digestion is driven by [[doshas]]. Factors responsible for complete transformation and absorption of food(Ahara parinamakara bhavas) explain this phenomenon in-depth. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]]6/14],[ Cha. Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/6-8]. The vitiated [[dosha]] leads to the formation of [[ama]].  

Excessive eating is one of the etiological factors for non-communicable diseases like obesity and diabetes mellitus which are more prevalent in society. Excess intake of calorie food which is not processed properly by digestive fire (Jathragni) and further utilized by dhatvagni (type of [[agni]] present at tissue level) leads to obesity and related disorders.  

Two types of diseases caused by ama dosha namely cholera-like symptoms (visuchika) and sluggish bowels (alasaka). A frail person having weak digestive power and aggravated kapha condition, even exerting pressure does not push the undigested food out of the passage since it is obstructed by [[kapha]]. This condition is called alasaka. Taking food either in excess quantity or very little quantity is a type of vishamashana (a type of unhealthy dietary pattern) which leads to various [[ama]] disorders [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/236]. Excessive eating is one of the etiological factors for non-communicable diseases like obesity and diabetes mellitus which are more prevalent in society. Excess intake of calorie food which is not processed properly by digestive fire (Jathragni) and further utilized by dhatvagni (type of [[agni]] present at tissue level) leads to obesity and related disorders. Inappropriate consumption of six rasas triggers many pathological conditions. Excess use of madhura rasa (sweet taste) in diet causes obesity, laziness, loss of desire for food, dyspnea, cough, coryza, sluggish bowels (alasaka) etc. Hence an individual should take an appropriate quantity of the food as per appetite. 

'''Causes of Ama formation-'''

==='''Causes of Ama formation-'''===

This chapter provides details regarding causative factors of ama formation. Ama is unique terminology of Ayurveda. It is the undigested and non-metabolized food material which remains inside the body and produces toxic effects. Quantity of food is considered as an important causative factor in formation of ama. Excessive as well as deficient quantity of food leads to ama formation. Along with quantity, if dietetic code and conduct are not followed it may leads to ama formation. Quality of food like heavy to digest and food with properties like dry, cold, dehydrated, disliked by the consumer, constipation-causing, causing a burning sensation, unclean, incompatible, and/or consumed untimely leads to ama formation. Mental factors like food intake while the mind being afflicted with passion/desires, anger, greed, infatuation, envy, bashfulness, grief, conceit, excitement, and fear are also the cause of formation of ama. Any unwholesome food, even if taken in right quantity also leads to ama formation. An individual who regularly consumes an incompatible diet, multiple heavy meals (in short intervals) and eats even before the previous meal is digested, results in ama visha (clinical state of indigestion characterized by the manifestation of toxic symptoms). Some scholars opine that ama originate from highly vitiated doshas itself by their conjugation; as visha (aflatoxins) develops in (stored up, edible) kodo millet (kodrava) [A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 13/26]. In recent years many non-communicable and metabolic disorders like obesity, diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction are prevalent in society due to indulgence of above factors leading to ama formation which triggers enormous pathological conditions. Various causal factors should be avoided by an individual to maintain the status [[agni]] and preserve health.  

This chapter provides details regarding causative factors of ama formation. Ama is unique terminology of Ayurveda. It is the undigested and non-metabolized food material which remains inside the body and produces toxic effects. Quantity of food is considered as an important causative factor in formation of ama. Excessive as well as deficient quantity of food leads to ama formation. Along with quantity, if dietetic code and conduct are not followed it may leads to ama formation. Quality of food like heavy to digest and food with properties like dry, cold, dehydrated, disliked by the consumer, constipation-causing, causing a burning sensation, unclean, incompatible, and/or consumed untimely leads to ama formation. Mental factors like food intake while the mind being afflicted with passion/desires, anger, greed, infatuation, envy, bashfulness, grief, conceit, excitement, and fear are also the cause of formation of ama. Any unwholesome food, even if taken in right quantity also leads to ama formation. An individual who regularly consumes an incompatible diet, multiple heavy meals (in short intervals) and eats even before the previous meal is digested, results in ama visha (clinical state of indigestion characterized by the manifestation of toxic symptoms). Some scholars opine that ama originate from highly vitiated doshas itself by their conjugation; as visha (aflatoxins) develops in (stored up, edible) kodo millet (kodrava) [A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 13/26]. In recent years many non-communicable and metabolic disorders like obesity, diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction are prevalent in society due to indulgence of above factors leading to ama formation which triggers enormous pathological conditions. Various causal factors should be avoided by an individual to maintain the status [[agni]] and preserve health.  

Obstruction of body channels (srotorodha), loss of strength (balabramsha), heaviness of body (gaurava), laziness (alasya), impaired activity of [[vata dosha]]  (anila mudhata), indigestion (apakti), excessive salivation (nishthivana), constipation (mala sanga), lack of taste (aruchi), lethargy (klama) comprise symptoms of doshas coupled with ama [A.H. Sutra Sthana.13/23-24]. The doshas and dusyas (the dhatus and malas) which are in liaison with ama are designated as sama i.e. mixed with ama and the diseases originating from these are termed as sama diseases.

Obstruction of body channels (srotorodha), loss of strength (balabramsha), heaviness of body (gaurava), laziness (alasya), impaired activity of [[vata dosha]]  (anila mudhata), indigestion (apakti), excessive salivation (nishthivana), constipation (mala sanga), lack of taste (aruchi), lethargy (klama) comprise symptoms of doshas coupled with ama [A.H. Sutra Sthana.13/23-24]. The doshas and dusyas (the dhatus and malas) which are in liaison with ama are designated as sama i.e. mixed with ama and the diseases originating from these are termed as sama diseases.

'''Treatment principles of Ama-'''

'''Treatment principles of Ama-'''

13.Kishor G.satani.(2011) : An applied study of interrelationship of jatharagni and dhatvagni in context to dhatuvriddhi. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar .  

13.Kishor G.satani.(2011) : An applied study of interrelationship of jatharagni and dhatvagni in context to dhatuvriddhi. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar .  

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===Abbreviations===

===Abbreviations===

*Cha.Sa. – Charak Samhita  

*Cha.Sa. – Charak Samhita