Changes

=== Defects of ''basti'' nozzle ===

=== Defects of ''basti'' nozzle ===

Defect in ''netra'' are eight in number and each of them affects the proper administration of ''basti'' procedure. Recommendable ''netra'' according to Charak, should have the following attributes:  apertures(at the tip, i.e outlet aperture and at the base (inlet aperture) of the ''netra'') equal to little and thumb in circumference (यथावयोऽङ्गुष्ठकनिष्ठिकाभ्यां मूलाग्रयोः स्युः परिणाहवन्ति), straight (ऋजूनि), alike tail of a cow in shape (गोपुच्छसमाकृतीनि), smooth (श्लक्ष्णानि), curved in tip/round or circular (र्गुडिकामुखानि) and two round protuberances – one at the distal ¼ and other at the proximal end (कर्णिकैकाऽग्रचतुर्थभागे मूलाश्रिते बस्तिनिबन्धने द्वे). (Ca.Si-3/3)

Defect in ''netra'' are eight in number and each of them affects the proper administration of ''basti'' procedure. Recommendable ''netra'' according to Charak, should have the following attributes:  apertures(at the tip, i.e outlet aperture and at the base (inlet aperture) of the ''netra'') equal to little and thumb in circumference (यथावयोऽङ्गुष्ठकनिष्ठिकाभ्यां मूलाग्रयोः स्युः परिणाहवन्ति), straight (ऋजूनि), alike tail of a cow in shape (गोपुच्छसमाकृतीनि), smooth (श्लक्ष्णानि), curved in tip/round or circular (र्गुडिकामुखानि) and two round protuberances – one at the distal ¼ and other at the proximal end (कर्णिकैकाऽग्रचतुर्थभागे मूलाश्रिते बस्तिनिबन्धने द्वे). [Cha. Sa.[[Siddhi sthana]] 3/3]

Chakrapani has made it clear that ''aprapti'' and ''atigati'' of the ''dravya'' happens. He has interpreted ''tanu'' as ''krisha'' (thin, emaciated) having equivalent meaning. He also adds that this limits the reach of medication to ''guda'' alone and causes discomfort locally. ''Jeernam'' has been interpreted by him as ''karkasha'' (meaning rough), thereby the term ''jeernam'' implying two characters – disintegrated and/or rough.

Chakrapani has made it clear that ''aprapti'' and ''atigati'' of the ''dravya'' happens. He has interpreted ''tanu'' as ''krisha'' (thin, emaciated) having equivalent meaning. He also adds that this limits the reach of medication to ''guda'' alone and causes discomfort locally. ''Jeernam'' has been interpreted by him as ''karkasha'' (meaning rough), thereby the term ''jeernam'' implying two characters – disintegrated and/or rough.

#after the administration such as transverse travel of medication in the colon ''vakram''. Majority of them fall in the second category.  

#after the administration such as transverse travel of medication in the colon ''vakram''. Majority of them fall in the second category.  

The ''dosha'' resulting from ''sthoolam'' is mentioned as ''karshana'' meaning emaciation which lacks clarity. The ''vyapat'' of ''atisthoola'' is considered along with those caused by ''karkasha, asrimat'' (''netra'' having edges/having hole) and ''avanata'' (downwards) by Sushruta and explained as causing ''gharshana'' (friction/rubbing), ''gudakshata'' (injury to ''guda'') and ''ruk'' (pain)<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.36 Netrabasti Vyapat Chikitsitam Adhyaya. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Sushruta Samhita. ?? ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Ayurveda series 51, Krishnadas Academy; 1980. p. 513.</ref>

The ''dosha'' resulting from ''sthoolam'' is mentioned as ''karshana'' meaning emaciation which lacks clarity. The ''vyapat'' of ''atisthoola'' is considered along with those caused by ''karkasha, asrimat'' (''netra'' having edges/having hole) and ''avanata'' (downwards) by Sushruta and explained as causing ''gharshana'' (friction/rubbing), ''gudakshata'' (injury to ''guda'') and ''ruk'' (pain)<ref name= Su1>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.36 Netrabasti Vyapat Chikitsitam Adhyaya. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Sushruta Samhita. ?? ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Ayurveda series 51, Krishnadas Academy; 1980. p. 513.</ref>

This explanation of Sushruta seems to be more apt to the context. Also, the number of ''netra dosha'' varies in Sushruta and eleven are considered there viz. ''atisthoola, avanata, karkasha, anubhinnam, sannikrushtakarnika'' (round protuberance designed close to the outlet aperture), ''viprakrushtakarnika'' (round protuberance designed far from outlet aperture), ''sookshmachidra'' (subtle aperture), ''atichhidra'' (wider aperture), ''atideergha, atihrasva'' and ''asrimat''<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.35 Netrabastipramanapravibhaga Chikitsitam Adhyaya. Verse 4-5, In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Sushruta Samhita. ?? ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Ayurveda series 51, Krishnadas Academy; 1980. p. 515.</ref>

This explanation of Sushruta seems to be more apt to the context. Also, the number of ''netra dosha'' varies in Sushruta and eleven are considered there viz. ''atisthoola, avanata, karkasha, anubhinnam, sannikrushtakarnika'' (round protuberance designed close to the outlet aperture), ''viprakrushtakarnika'' (round protuberance designed far from outlet aperture), ''sookshmachidra'' (subtle aperture), ''atichhidra'' (wider aperture), ''atideergha, atihrasva'' and ''asrimat''<ref name= Su2>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.35 Netrabastipramanapravibhaga Chikitsitam Adhyaya, In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Sushruta Samhita. ?? ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Ayurveda series 51, Krishnadas Academy; 1980. p. 515.</ref>

=== Defects of ''basti putaka'' (enema pot) ===

=== Defects of ''basti putaka'' (enema pot) ===