Changes

==Causes of menstrual disorders==

==Causes of menstrual disorders==

1. Dietary factors:  

'''1. Dietary factors:'''

• Food and beverages that are excessively hot in potency cause disturbances in the physiology of menstruation especially in the growth and development of follicles/ovum. (andopachaya). [ Ka. Sa. Kalpa Sthana 7/32]

 

• Consumption of excessive salty, sour, heavy, pungent substances, those producing burning sensation(vidahi), excessive use of unctuous substances, meat of domestic, aquatic and fatty animals, mixture of cooked rice and pulses (krushara), curd, vinegar, curd-water(mastu) and wine leads to excessive menstrual bleeding. [Cha.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 30/204]

*Food and beverages that are excessively hot in potency cause disturbances in the physiology of menstruation especially in the growth and development of follicles/ovum. (andopachaya). [ Ka. Sa. Kalpa Sthana 7/32]

2. Lifestyle factors:

 

• The daily activities in general and those during menstruation influence reproductive health. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8], [Su.Sa. ShariraSthana 2/24-25]

*Consumption of excessive salty, sour, heavy, pungent substances, those producing burning sensation(vidahi), excessive use of unctuous substances, meat of domestic, aquatic and fatty animals, mixture of cooked rice and pulses (krushara), curd, vinegar, curd-water(mastu) and wine leads to excessive menstrual bleeding. [Cha.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 30/204]

• Suppression of natural urges (vega dharana) of micturition, defecation etc. leading to aggravation of “apana vayu” cause menstrual disorders. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/25-26]. A case control study in 300 subjects has proven the association of suppression of urges of micturition and defaecation with primary dysmenorrhoea.   

 

• The specific activities like continuous travelling especially  in jerky vehicles,continuos sitting or standing in one position , excessive walking and exersion cause vitiation of “apana vayu” and lead to menstrual disorders. [A. Hr. Ni. 16/27]

'''2. Lifestyle factors:'''

• Use of artificial objects for sexual pleasure are considered as risk factors for menstrual disorders. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8] [A. Hr. Uttara Sthana 33/27-28]  

 

3. Psychological factors:  

*The daily activities in general and those during menstruation influence reproductive health. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8], [Su.Sa. ShariraSthana 2/24-25]

• Mental stress, anxiety and excessive thinking causes vitiation of channels of transportation of [[rasa dhatu]] and lead to disturbances in the physiology of menstruation. [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/13] Stress is a major cause for hormonal disturbance in HPO axis leading to menstrual abnormalities.

 

4. Improper use of therapeutic interventions:

*Suppression of natural urges (vega dharana) of micturition, defecation etc. leading to aggravation of “apana vayu” cause menstrual disorders. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/25-26].

• Administration of nasal medication (nasya) during menstrual phase, administration of strong medication for purification therapy (shodhana) in a woman who is sensitive to mild purgatives (mrudu koshtha) leads to disorders of menstruation. [Ka. Sa. Siddhi Sthana4/6] [Ka.Sa Siddhi Sthana 3/20]

 

5. Congenital factors:  

A case control study in 300 subjects has proven the association of suppression of urges of micturition and defaecation with primary dysmenorrhoea.   

• The defects in gametes (beejadosha), especially in the ovum of mother can cause congenital anomalies related to female reproductive system. [Cha. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/ 30].It is responsible for altering the reproductive physiology and causing menstrual abnormalities. [Cha Sa Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8], [Cha Sa Chikitsa Sthana 30/34-35]

 

*The specific activities like continuous travelling especially  in jerky vehicles,continuos sitting or standing in one position , excessive walking and exersion cause vitiation of “apana vayu” and lead to menstrual disorders. [A. Hr. Ni. 16/27]

 

*Use of artificial objects for sexual pleasure are considered as risk factors for menstrual disorders. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8] [A. Hr. Uttara Sthana 33/27-28]  

 

'''3. Psychological factors:'''

 

*Mental stress, anxiety and excessive thinking causes vitiation of channels of transportation of [[rasa dhatu]] and lead to disturbances in the physiology of menstruation. [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/13] Stress is a major cause for hormonal disturbance in HPO axis leading to menstrual abnormalities.

 

'''4. Improper use of therapeutic interventions:'''

 

*Administration of nasal medication (nasya) during menstrual phase, administration of strong medication for purification therapy (shodhana) in a woman who is sensitive to mild purgatives (mrudu koshtha) leads to disorders of menstruation. [Ka. Sa. Siddhi Sthana4/6] [Ka.Sa Siddhi Sthana 3/20]

 

'''5. Congenital factors:'''

 

*The defects in gametes (beejadosha), especially in the ovum of mother can cause congenital anomalies related to female reproductive system. [Cha. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/ 30].It is responsible for altering the reproductive physiology and causing menstrual abnormalities. [Cha Sa Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8], [Cha Sa Chikitsa Sthana 30/34-35]

 

===Pathophysiology===

===Pathophysiology===

Functions of 5 types of vata  in reproductive physiology [A.S.Sutra Sthana 20/2]

Functions of 5 types of vata  in reproductive physiology [A.S.Sutra Sthana 20/2]