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The experience based knowledge by authorities (aptopadesha) gives all the details of the disease i.e. its causative factors, pathogenesis and treatment and thus, provides all the theoretical knowledge of the disease which is helpful during clinical examination.  
 
The experience based knowledge by authorities (aptopadesha) gives all the details of the disease i.e. its causative factors, pathogenesis and treatment and thus, provides all the theoretical knowledge of the disease which is helpful during clinical examination.  
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==== Pratyaksha (Direct observation) ====
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==== Direct observation (Pratyaksha) ====
    
Knowledge by direct observation (pratyaksha) deals with direct examination of the patient by the physician. The physician has to use all his senses during the examination, in which he has to look for various signs and symptoms, changes in the color etc. Any information collected through ''anumana'' and ''pratyaksha'' cannot provide all the details of existing pathologies in the body. Now the physician has to use his own intellect and tries to establish the relation between the signs and symptoms and the likely pathologies in the body. He has to use his logic and reasoning and apply it properly in finalizing the vitiated ''doshas'' in the body. ''Anumana'' helps the physician to deduce and draw inferences where it is not possible to visualize or see, in order to draw certain conclusions or understand causation of an ailment.  
 
Knowledge by direct observation (pratyaksha) deals with direct examination of the patient by the physician. The physician has to use all his senses during the examination, in which he has to look for various signs and symptoms, changes in the color etc. Any information collected through ''anumana'' and ''pratyaksha'' cannot provide all the details of existing pathologies in the body. Now the physician has to use his own intellect and tries to establish the relation between the signs and symptoms and the likely pathologies in the body. He has to use his logic and reasoning and apply it properly in finalizing the vitiated ''doshas'' in the body. ''Anumana'' helps the physician to deduce and draw inferences where it is not possible to visualize or see, in order to draw certain conclusions or understand causation of an ailment.  

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