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Line 239: − • Unsuitable odour causes Jwara [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 1/28]+ − + − • The polluted air has unwholesome odour and can cause epidemic diseases.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 3/6]
no edit summary
The word “Satmya” literally refers to habit, suitability, wholesomeness, agreeability to nature or natural constitution of individuals. etc.<ref>http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?tran_input=sAtmya&direct=se&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3</ref> Understanding the concept of “Satmya” is vital for preserving the healthy status of body. It is equally important in the management of a disease.
The word “Satmya” literally refers to habit, suitability, wholesomeness, agreeability to nature or natural constitution of individuals. etc.<ref>http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?tran_input=sAtmya&direct=se&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3</ref> Understanding the concept of “Satmya” is vital for preserving the healthy status of body. It is equally important in the management of a disease.
{{Infobox
|title = Contributors
|label1 = Section/Chapter/topic
|data1 = [[Sharira]] / [[Atma]]
|label2 = Authors
|data2 = Anagha S., Deole Y.S.
|label3 = Reviewed by
|data3 = Basisht G.
|label4 = Affiliations
|data4 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.P.G.T.& R.A., Jamnagar
|label5 = Correspondence email:
|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com
|label6 = Date of first publication:
|data6 = March 03, 2020
}}
==Etymology and derivation==
==Etymology and derivation==
Satmya(सात्म्य).—a. Wholesome, agreeable to nature.
Satmya(सात्म्य).—a. Wholesome, agreeable to nature.
-tmyaḥ 1)Suitability.
-tmyaḥ 1)Suitability.
*Natural wholesome disposition of coexistence
*Natural wholesome disposition of coexistence
*Habitual use
*Habitual use
===Definition===
===Definition===
सात्म्यं नाम तद् यदात्मन्युपशेते; सात्म्यार्थो ह्युपशयार्थः|
सात्म्यं नाम तद् यदात्मन्युपशेते; सात्म्यार्थो ह्युपशयार्थः|
===Types of satmya===
===Types of satmya===
Based on one’s habitual usage of [[rasa]] (taste), satmya could be categorized into three types:
Based on one’s habitual usage of [[rasa]] (taste), satmya could be categorized into three types:
== Components of satmya ==
== Components of satmya ==
Satmya is one of the important assessment parameters in examination of patient. It differs according to desha(geographical region), kala(season), vyadhi (disease), prakriti(naturalconstitution), swabhava (inherent nature) and abhyasa(repeated use).[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/5]
Satmya is one of the important assessment parameters in examination of patient. It differs according to desha(geographical region), kala(season), vyadhi (disease), prakriti(naturalconstitution), swabhava (inherent nature) and abhyasa(repeated use).[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/5]
For understanding and application in the field of health care, following are the components of satmya.
For understanding and application in the field of health care, following are the components of satmya.
=== Prakriti satmya ===
It refers to the diet and lifestyle agreeable to natural constitution of the person. Certain regimen is inherently suitable to one’s natural constitution.For example, the food having sweet, sour and salty taste is inherently suitable for a person with vata dominant constitution, because these tastes naturally pacify vatadosha. All tastes are suitable for a person with balanced constitution involving equilibrium of all dosha. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/41]
It refers to the diet and lifestyle agreeable to natural constitution of the person. Certain regimen is inherently suitable to one’s natural constitution.For example, the food having sweet, sour and salty taste is inherently suitable for a person with vata dominant constitution, because these tastes naturally pacify vatadosha. All tastes are suitable for a person with balanced constitution involving equilibrium of all dosha. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/41]
=== Desha satmya ===
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
It is observed that people living in a particular geographical area adopt a specific diet and regimens. It may be because of the availability of substances and suitability to that particular environment in that specific area. Any unwholesome food substance to which a person is habituated should not be withdrawn abruptly.
It is observed that people living in a particular geographical area adopt a specific diet and regimens. It may be because of the availability of substances and suitability to that particular environment in that specific area. Any unwholesome food substance to which a person is habituated should not be withdrawn abruptly.
Following are examples of deshasatmya:
Following are examples of desha satmya:
• Balhika (present day Afghanisthan) people are habituated to the intake of mamsa (meat), godhuma(wheat), madhvika ( alcoholic beverages), and they are indicated for Shastrakarma (surgery) and Agnikarma (cauterization).
• Balhika (present day Afghanisthan) people are habituated to the intake of mamsa (meat), godhuma(wheat), madhvika ( alcoholic beverages), and they are indicated for Shastrakarma (surgery) and Agnikarma (cauterization).
Apart from this, deshasatmya also means that which is suitable for a group. For example, madhura (sweet taste) is suitable to increase group of tissues. It is also applied to denote suitability for an organ or body part. E.g. chakshushya (suitable for eyes), keshya (suitable for hairs).<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Apart from this, deshasatmya also means that which is suitable for a group. For example, madhura (sweet taste) is suitable to increase group of tissues. It is also applied to denote suitability for an organ or body part. E.g. chakshushya (suitable for eyes), keshya (suitable for hairs).<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
=== Ritu satmya ===
Ritusatmya refers tosuitability according to season. A person who understands the phenomenon of ritusatmya (seasonal adaptations in diet and lifestyle) and practices it, lives healthy and long life. Ritucharya (seasonal regimens) describes specific diet and lifestyle for ritusatmya. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]
Ritusatmya refers tosuitability according to season. A person who understands the phenomenon of ritusatmya (seasonal adaptations in diet and lifestyle) and practices it, lives healthy and long life. Ritucharya (seasonal regimens) describes specific diet and lifestyle for ritusatmya. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]
=== Vyadhi satmya ===
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or speciallyespecially effective in a particular disease condition.The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Yavagu(rice gruel) is effective in management of jwara(fever) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/153]).
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or speciallyespecially effective in a particular disease condition.The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Yavagu(rice gruel) is effective in management of jwara(fever) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/153]).
The other examples are milk in gulma, kshaudra(honey) in prameha, ghee in udavarta. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
The other examples are milk in gulma, kshaudra(honey) in prameha, ghee in udavarta. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
=== Swabhava satmya ===
Swabhavasatmyameans regimen specific to inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224]
Swabhavasatmyameans regimen specific to inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
===Jati satmya ===
Jatisatmya refers to suitability of a substance to a specific animal species. E.g. Shali (red rice) is suitable for human beings, grass is suitable for deer.<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Jatisatmya refers to suitability of a substance to a specific animal species. E.g. Shali (red rice) is suitable for human beings, grass is suitable for deer.<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
===Vaya satmya ===
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like agni karma (cauterization), kshara karma(application of alkali), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like agni karma (cauterization), kshara karma(application of alkali), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
=== Okasatmya ===
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
Oka satmya depends upon the upayokta(consumer). It is one of the important components of diet. Pathya(wholesome) and apathya(unwholesome) highly depend upon okasatmya of an individual. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22]
Oka satmya depends upon the upayokta(consumer). It is one of the important components of diet. Pathya(wholesome) and apathya(unwholesome) highly depend upon okasatmya of an individual. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22]
=== Natural suitability of dosha ===
The dosha viz. vayu, pitta and kapha never destroy each other inspite of having contradictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their sahaja- satmya (natural wholesome disposition of coexistence), as even fatal poison does not affect snakes. [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/293]
The dosha viz. vayu, pitta and kapha never destroy each other inspite of having contradictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their sahaja- satmya (natural wholesome disposition of coexistence), as even fatal poison does not affect snakes. [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/293]
===Importance of knowledge of satmya===
===Importance of knowledge of satmya===
==== Diagnostic importance ====
• Satmya is important assessment parameter in examination of patient in perspective of the field of action (karyadesha).[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 2/13]
• Satmya is important assessment parameter in examination of patient in perspective of the field of action (karyadesha).[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 2/13]
• Satmya is important component of examination of patient. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/94]
• Satmya is important component of examination of patient. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/94]
==== Therapeutic importance ====
• Satmya is considered while planning the post therapy regimen after panchakarma along with other factors like variations in dosha, medicinal drugs, place of residence, time, strength, body, diet, suitability, mind, constitution, and age. These should be factored in while administering this therapy [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/17]
• Satmya is considered while planning the post therapy regimen after panchakarma along with other factors like variations in dosha, medicinal drugs, place of residence, time, strength, body, diet, suitability, mind, constitution, and age. These should be factored in while administering this therapy [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/17]
• Satmya diet is advised to achieve maximum benefits of rasayana therapies [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/8,18; 1/3/18] and vajikarana therapies.[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/1/45]
• Satmya diet is advised to achieve maximum benefits of rasayana therapies [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/8,18; 1/3/18] and vajikarana therapies.[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/1/45]
==== Satmya diet in management of diseases====
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
* Madatyaya(chronic alcoholism)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/119]
* Madatyaya(chronic alcoholism)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/119]
==== Importance in health ====
• Satmya is one of the six factors along with maternal, paternal, psychological, spiritual and nutritional, which contribute to the origin and development of an organism. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 3/14].
• Satmya is one of the six factors along with maternal, paternal, psychological, spiritual and nutritional, which contribute to the origin and development of an organism. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 3/14].
*Diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location will prevent the occurrence of diseases. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
*Diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location will prevent the occurrence of diseases. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
====Satmyaviruddha (antagonism of suitability) and its management====
If an individual consumes diet that he is not accustomed to, then it leads to incompatibility and causes disease. For example, consumption of sweet and cold substances by a person accustomed to pungent and hot is antagonism in terms of suitability. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/91]
If an individual consumes diet that he is not accustomed to, then it leads to incompatibility and causes disease. For example, consumption of sweet and cold substances by a person accustomed to pungent and hot is antagonism in terms of suitability. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/91]
The unwholesome substances like kshara(alkali) and lavana(salt) shall not be consumed in excess quantity and for long time. It is beneficial to wean off the unwholesome substances by tapering down their consumption sequentially. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/19]
The unwholesome substances like kshara(alkali) and lavana(salt) shall not be consumed in excess quantity and for long time. It is beneficial to wean off the unwholesome substances by tapering down their consumption sequentially. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/19]
===Asatmya(unsuitable)===
=== Asatmya(unsuitable)===
असात्म्यमिति तद्विद्याद्यन्न याति सहात्मताम्||१२७||
असात्म्यमिति तद्विद्याद्यन्न याति सहात्मताम्||१२७||
A substance which is not conducive to the body is regarded as asatmya or unwholesome and which becomes responsible to provoke all the doshas. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 1/127]
A substance which is not conducive to the body is regarded as asatmya or unwholesome and which becomes responsible to provoke all the doshas. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 1/127]
==== Adverse effects of asatmya====
Asatmyaindriyarthasamyoga (contact of sense and motor organs with unsuitable objects) is one the three fundamental causes of disease. Asatmyasevana (adopting unwholesome regimen) especially in terms of diet is causative factor for a number of diseases as below.
Asatmyaindriyarthasamyoga (contact of sense and motor organs with unsuitable objects) is one the three fundamental causes of disease. Asatmyasevana (adopting unwholesome regimen) especially in terms of diet is causative factor for a number of diseases as below.
==== Role of asatmya in disease====
Unsuitable diet is listed among causative factors of following diseases:
*Vidradhi(abscess) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 17/91],
*Vidradhi(abscess) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 17/91],
*Parasites of shleshma origin.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/12],
*Parasites of shleshma origin.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/12],
* Kushtha(skin disease) [Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 9/3]
* Kushtha(skin disease) [Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 9/3]
*Hridroga (cardiac diseases) [Sushruta Samhita Uttar Tantra 43/3]
*Hridroga (cardiac diseases) [Sushruta Samhita Uttar Tantra 43/3]
*Unsuitable odour causes Jwara [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 1/28]
*The polluted air has unwholesome odour and can cause epidemic diseases.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 3/6]
It is important to know the unsuitable factors causing disease.
It is important to know the unsuitable factors causing disease.