Changes

===Introduction===

===Introduction===

<div style="text-align:justify;">The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy individual and cure diseases of an unhealthy one. Purificatory procedures (such as [[Panchakarma]], or five purificatory procedures) play a pivotal role to protect and promote the health of the individual.  In the previous chapter of [[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]], plants with therapeutic qualities (in their roots and fruits particularly) have been described for use in purification therapies. The present chapter is written with a view to enumerate the remaining drugs that are useful for various bio-purificatory procedures, along with an explanation of their properties and the objectives of those procedures. It has been named as ''Apamarga tanduliya'' to stress that the dehusked seeds of ''Apamarga'' (Achyranthes aspera), rather than husked ones, are to be prescribed for therapeutic purposes. In addition to the bio-purificatory procedures, this chapter also explains the need for post-purification dietary regimen (''samsarjana karma'') to be followed in order to re-kindle ''agni'' (digestive powers). From the standpoint of the ''samsarjana karma'', this chapter emphasizes the importance of gruels to eradicate specific diseases and re-kindle ''jatharagni'' (digestive powers) and provides detailed descriptions and procedures for ''yavagukalpana'' (preparation of ''yavagu'', or a special form of gruel). Among this '' yavagu'', some are ''ahara pradhana'' (or diet-centric), while others are ''aushadha pradhana'' (medication-centric). The chapter also emphasizes the importance of dosage (''matra''), timing and frequency (''kala''), and rational judgement (''yukti'') required for effective administration of the purificatory procedures. The chapter begins with an explanation of medicines for ''shirovirechana'' (catharsis of cephalic region) and then explains purificatory procedures for ''vamana'' (therapeutic emesis), ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation), ''anuvasana'' (oil enemata), and ''niruhabasti'' (decoction enemata). The reason for such a beginning is the importance or superiority of head among all body parts. [Ca. Su. 17/2].

<div style="text-align:justify;">The aim of [[Ayurveda]] is to maintain the health of a healthy individual and cure diseases of an unhealthy one. Purificatory procedures (such as [[Panchakarma]], or five purificatory procedures) play a pivotal role to protect and promote the health of the individual.  In the previous chapter of [[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]], plants with therapeutic qualities (in their roots and fruits particularly) have been described for use in purification therapies. The present chapter is written with a view to enumerate the remaining drugs that are useful for various bio-purificatory procedures, along with an explanation of their properties and the objectives of those procedures. It has been named as ''Apamarga tanduliya'' to stress that the dehusked seeds of ''Apamarga'' (Achyranthes aspera), rather than husked ones, are to be prescribed for therapeutic purposes. In addition to the bio-purificatory procedures, this chapter also explains the need for post-purification dietary regimen (''samsarjana karma'') to be followed in order to re-kindle ''agni'' (digestive powers). From the standpoint of the ''samsarjana karma'', this chapter emphasizes the importance of gruels to eradicate specific diseases and re-kindle ''jatharagni'' (digestive powers) and provides detailed descriptions and procedures for ''yavagukalpana'' (preparation of ''yavagu'', or a special form of gruel). Among this '' yavagu'', some are ''ahara pradhana'' (or diet-centric), while others are ''aushadha pradhana'' (medication-centric). The chapter also emphasizes the importance of dosage (''matra''), timing and frequency (''kala''), and rational judgement (''yukti'') required for effective administration of the purificatory procedures. The chapter begins with an explanation of medicines for ''shirovirechana'' (catharsis of cephalic region) and then explains purificatory procedures for ''vamana'' (therapeutic emesis), ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation), ''anuvasana'' (oil enemata), and ''niruhabasti'' (decoction enemata). The reason for such a beginning is the importance or superiority of head among all body parts. [Ca. Su. 17/2].

It further lists down ''Panchakarma dravya'' (drugs useful for purificatory procedures), description of ''yavagu'' (food preparation) and characteristics of an ideal physician eligible to administer these procedures and preparations.

It further lists down ''Panchakarma dravya'' (drugs useful for purificatory procedures), description of ''yavagu'' (food preparation) and characteristics of an ideal physician eligible to administer these procedures and preparations.

</div>

</div>

bhiShagauShadhasaMyogaishcikitsAM kartumarhati||36||  

bhiShagauShadhasaMyogaishcikitsAM kartumarhati||36||  

A physician endowed with good ''smriti'' (memory), ''hetu-yuktijna'' (knowledge of cause and effect of disease), ''jitatma'' (self restraint), and ''pratipattiman'' (presence of mind), is entitled to practice [[Ayurveda]] through the combination of various drugs. [36]

A physician endowed with good ''smriti'' (memory), ''hetu-yuktijna'' (knowledge of cause and effect of disease), ''jitatma'' (self restraint), and ''pratipattiman'' (presence of mind), is entitled to practice [[[[Ayurveda]]]] through the combination of various drugs. [36]

इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थानेऽपामार्गतण्डुलीयो नाम द्वितीयोऽध्यायः||२||  

इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थानेऽपामार्गतण्डुलीयो नाम द्वितीयोऽध्यायः||२||  

The detailed methods of preparation of gruel, quantity of water, proportion of medicaments etc. are to be referred from ''Sudashastra'' (text book on cookery). [17]

The detailed methods of preparation of gruel, quantity of water, proportion of medicaments etc. are to be referred from ''Sudashastra'' (text book on cookery). [17]

A proper diet is considered more effective than a hundred medicines and no medication will help a patient who does not observe a strict regimen of diet. In modern science, food articles are primarily classified by their chemical composition such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals etc. But in Ayurveda, such classification is based on the biological action of the food articles and their ''rasa'' (taste). For example, while modern science may treat all varieties of rice as one group on the basis of their carbohydrate content, Ayurveda considers that freshly harvested rice, heavy for digestion and aggravates ''kapha'', while old rice stored over six months is considered to be light and easier to digest for an average person. According to modern science, ''yavagu'' (gruel) considered sources of carbohydrates, but according to Ayurveda, these gruel not only have nutritive value but also help in curing diseases. Thus, ''yavagu kalpana'' (gruel preparation process), a recommended post purificatory formulation for helping in kindling digestive fire, also tones the intestine besides giving the nutrition.  [18-33]

A proper diet is considered more effective than a hundred medicines and no medication will help a patient who does not observe a strict regimen of diet. In modern science, food articles are primarily classified by their chemical composition such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals etc. But in [[Ayurveda]], such classification is based on the biological action of the food articles and their ''rasa'' (taste). For example, while modern science may treat all varieties of rice as one group on the basis of their carbohydrate content, [[Ayurveda]] considers that freshly harvested rice, heavy for digestion and aggravates ''kapha'', while old rice stored over six months is considered to be light and easier to digest for an average person. According to modern science, ''yavagu'' (gruel) considered sources of carbohydrates, but according to [[Ayurveda]], these gruel not only have nutritive value but also help in curing diseases. Thus, ''yavagu kalpana'' (gruel preparation process), a recommended post purificatory formulation for helping in kindling digestive fire, also tones the intestine besides giving the nutrition.  [18-33]

General use and applicability of drugs in relation to bio-purificatory therapies have been described in the first chapter. But in this chapter detailed explanation of these five bio-purificatory therapies along with their particular drug index have been provided. [35]

General use and applicability of drugs in relation to bio-purificatory therapies have been described in the first chapter. But in this chapter detailed explanation of these five bio-purificatory therapies along with their particular drug index have been provided. [35]

#Charak Samhita of Agnivesha, Redacted by Charak and Dridhabala; Text with Sanskrit Commentary of Chakrapanidatta, Edited by Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamaji Acharya, Published by Nirany Sagara Press, Mumbai, Third revised edition in 1941. Reprinted by Chaukambha Surabharati Prakashana, Varanasi; 1984.

#Charak Samhita of Agnivesha, Redacted by Charak and Dridhabala; Text with Sanskrit Commentary of Chakrapanidatta, Edited by Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamaji Acharya, Published by Nirany Sagara Press, Mumbai, Third revised edition in 1941. Reprinted by Chaukambha Surabharati Prakashana, Varanasi; 1984.

#Chakradatta of Chakrapani; Chaukambha orientalia, Varanasi; 1992

#Chakradatta of Chakrapani; Chaukambha orientalia, Varanasi; 1992

#Dhanukkar Sharadini, Thatte Urmila; The fourth Dimension Time; Ayurveda Unraveled; National Book Trust, India, 1996.

#Dhanukkar Sharadini, Thatte Urmila; The fourth Dimension Time; [[Ayurveda]] Unraveled; National Book Trust, India, 1996.

#Savanur H.V.; A Hnad Book of Ayurvedic Materia medica; Volume 1; Jathar and Sons, Maruthi street, Belgaum; 1950.

#Savanur H.V.; A Hnad Book of Ayurvedic Materia medica; Volume 1; Jathar and Sons, Maruthi street, Belgaum; 1950.

#Haridas Shreedhar Kasture; Ayurvediya Panchakarma Vijnana; Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan Limited; 1979.

#Haridas Shreedhar Kasture; Ayurvediya Panchakarma Vijnana; Baidyanath [[Ayurveda]] Bhavan Limited; 1979.

#Sharangadhara; Sharangadhara Samhita; Translated inti English by Srikanthamurthy K.R.; Chaukambha Orientalia, Varanasi; 1997.

#Sharangadhara; Sharangadhara Samhita; Translated inti English by Srikanthamurthy K.R.; Chaukambha Orientalia, Varanasi; 1997.

#Singh R.H. The classical Ayurvediya Panchakarma Therapy; Recent advances in Panchakarma Therapy; Chaukamabha Sanskrit Series Office; First edition, 1992.

#Singh R.H. The classical Ayurvediya Panchakarma Therapy; Recent advances in Panchakarma Therapy; Chaukamabha Sanskrit Series Office; First edition, 1992.