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iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  

Now we shall expound on the chapter “The quantity of one’s diet”. [1]

Now we shall expound on the chapter “The quantity of one’s diet”. Thus, said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

==== Quantity of diet and criteria ====

===== Quantity of diet and criteria =====

मात्राशी स्यात्|  

मात्राशी स्यात्|  

AhAramAtrA punaragnibalApekShiNI||3||

AhAramAtrA punaragnibalApekShiNI||3||

One must take food in proper quantity, which depends on the strength of ''agni'' (digestive power). [3]

One must take food in proper quantity, which depends on the strength of ''[[agni]]'' (digestive power). [3]

यावद्ध्यस्याशनमशितमनुपहत्य प्रकृतिं यथाकालं जरां गच्छति तावदस्य मात्राप्रमाणं वेदितव्यं भवति||४||  

यावद्ध्यस्याशनमशितमनुपहत्य प्रकृतिं यथाकालं जरां गच्छति तावदस्य मात्राप्रमाणं वेदितव्यं भवति||४||  

yAvaddhyasyAshanamashitamanupahatya prakRutiM yathAkAlaM jarAM gacchati tAvadasya mAtrApramANaM veditavyaM bhavati||4||

yAvaddhyasyAshanamashitamanupahatya prakRutiM yathAkAlaM jarAM gacchati tAvadasya mAtrApramANaM veditavyaM bhavati||4||

That shall be known as the proper quantity of food which, when taken, is digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy. [4]

That shall be known as the proper quantity of food which is digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy. [4]

==== Naturally heavy and light to digest foods ====

===== Inherently heavy and light to digest foods =====

तत्र शालिषष्टिकमुद्गलावकपिञ्जलैणशशशरभशम्बरादीन्याहारद्रव्याणि प्रकृतिलघून्यपि मात्रापेक्षीणि भवन्ति|

तत्र शालिषष्टिकमुद्गलावकपिञ्जलैणशशशरभशम्बरादीन्याहारद्रव्याणि प्रकृतिलघून्यपि मात्रापेक्षीणि भवन्ति|

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Thus, ''shali'' rice, ''shashtika'' rice, green gram, common quail, gray partridge, antelope, rabbit, wapiti, Indian ''sambar'' deer, and such other food-articles, though light by nature, depends on the proper quantity. Similarly, preparations of flour (pastry), sugar-cane juice and sugar preparations, milk and milk preparations, sesame, black gram, flesh of aquatic animals, marshy land animals are naturally heavy to digest foods. [5]

Thus, ''shali'' rice, ''shashtika'' rice, green gram, common quail, gray partridge, antelope, rabbit, wapiti, Indian ''sambar'' deer, and such other food-articles, though light to digest by their inherent properties, depends on the proper quantity. Similarly, preparations of flour (pastry), sugar-cane juice and sugar preparations, milk and milk preparations, sesame, black gram, flesh of aquatic animals, marshy land animals are inherently heavy to digest foods. [5]

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==== Basic composition of food ====

===== Basic composition of food =====

न चैवमुक्ते द्रव्ये गुरुलाघवमकारणं मन्येत, लघूनि हि द्रव्याणि वाय्वग्निगुणबहुलानि भवन्ति; पृथ्वीसोमगुणबहुलानीतराणि,तस्मात् स्वगुणादपि लघून्यग्निसन्धुक्षणस्वभावान्यल्पदोषाणि चोच्यन्तेऽपि सौहित्योपयुक्तानि, गुरूणिपुनर्नाग्निसन्धुक्षणस्वभावान्यसामान्यात्, अतश्चातिमात्रं दोषवन्ति सौहित्योपयुक्तान्यन्यत्र व्यायामाग्निबलात्; सैषाभवत्यग्निबलापेक्षिणी मात्रा||६||  

न चैवमुक्ते द्रव्ये गुरुलाघवमकारणं मन्येत, लघूनि हि द्रव्याणि वाय्वग्निगुणबहुलानि भवन्ति; पृथ्वीसोमगुणबहुलानीतराणि,तस्मात् स्वगुणादपि लघून्यग्निसन्धुक्षणस्वभावान्यल्पदोषाणि चोच्यन्तेऽपि सौहित्योपयुक्तानि, गुरूणिपुनर्नाग्निसन्धुक्षणस्वभावान्यसामान्यात्, अतश्चातिमात्रं दोषवन्ति सौहित्योपयुक्तान्यन्यत्र व्यायामाग्निबलात्; सैषाभवत्यग्निबलापेक्षिणी मात्रा||६||  

na caivamukte dravye gurulAghavamakAraNaM manyeta, laghUni hi dravyANi vAyvagniguNabahulAni bhavanti; pRuthvIsomaguNabahulAnItarANi, tasmAtsvaguNAdapi laghUnyagnisandhukShaNasvabhAvAnyalpadoShANi cocyante~api sauhityopayuktAni, gurUNi punarnAgnisandhukShaNasvabhAvAnyasAmAnyAt,atashcAtimAtraM doShavanti sauhityopayuktAnyanyatra vyAyAmAgnibalAt; saiShA bhavatyagnibalApekShiNI mAtrA||6||  

na caivamukte dravye gurulAghavamakAraNaM manyeta, laghUni hi dravyANi vAyvagniguNabahulAni bhavanti; pRuthvIsomaguNabahulAnItarANi, tasmAtsvaguNAdapi laghUnyagnisandhukShaNasvabhAvAnyalpadoShANi cocyante~api sauhityopayuktAni, gurUNi punarnAgnisandhukShaNasvabhAvAnyasAmAnyAt,atashcAtimAtraM doShavanti sauhityopayuktAnyanyatra vyAyAmAgnibalAt; saiShA bhavatyagnibalApekShiNI mAtrA||6||  

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From this, one should not conclude that heaviness or lightness in a food-article is mentioned without a reason. The light substances have a predominance of the qualities of [[vayu]] and [[agni]]. The others have a predominance of the qualities of [[prithvi]] and [[jala]]. Therefore, the light food-articles are stimulants of [[agni]] owing to their innate quality, and are said to be less harmful even if they are eaten to a surfeit.  On the other hand, heavy articles are non-stimulant of [[agni]] by nature, due to their dissimilarity of qualities. Thus, they cause harm if taken in excess quantity, unless there is strong [[agni]] achieved by physical exercise. Thus the right quantity of diet is determined by the strength of [[agni]]. [6]

From this, one should not conclude that heaviness or lightness in a food-article is mentioned without a reason. The light to digest substances have a predominance of the qualities of [[vayu]] and [[agni]]. The others have a predominance of the qualities of [[prithvi]] and [[jala]]. Therefore, the light food-articles are stimulants of [[agni]] owing to their innate quality, and are said to be less harmful even if they are eaten to a surfeit.  On the other hand, heavy articles are non-stimulant of [[agni]] by nature, due to their dissimilarity of qualities. Thus, they cause harm if taken in excess quantity, unless there is strong [[agni]] achieved by physical exercise. Thus the right quantity of diet is determined by the strength of [[agni]]. [6]

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==== Proportion of heavy and light to digest food ====

===== Proportion of heavy and light to digest food =====

न च नापेक्षते द्रव्यं; द्रव्यापेक्षया च त्रिभागसौहित्यमर्धसौहित्यं वा गुरूणामुपदिश्यते, लघूनामपि चनातिसौहित्यमग्नेर्युक्त्यर्थम्||७||  

न च नापेक्षते द्रव्यं; द्रव्यापेक्षया च त्रिभागसौहित्यमर्धसौहित्यं वा गुरूणामुपदिश्यते, लघूनामपि चनातिसौहित्यमग्नेर्युक्त्यर्थम्||७||  

na ca nApekShate dravyaM; dravyApekShayA ca tribhAgasauhityamardhasauhityaM vA gurUNAmupadishyate, laghUnAmapi ca nAtisauhityamagneryuktyartham||7||

na ca nApekShate dravyaM; dravyApekShayA ca tribhAgasauhityamardhasauhityaM vA gurUNAmupadishyate, laghUnAmapi ca nAtisauhityamagneryuktyartham||7||

It is not that the right quantity does not depend on the substance itself. Based on the food-article itself, it is advised that heavy articles should be taken in one third or one half of the saturation point; even light ones should not be taken in surfeit in order to maintain the strength of ''agni''.[7]

The right quantity always depends upon the substance itself. Based on the food-article itself, it is advised that heavy articles should be taken upto one third or one half of the saturation point (of capacity of stomach); even light ones should not be taken in surfeit in order to maintain the strength of [[agni]].[7]

==== Benefits of proper quantity diet ====

===== Benefits of proper quantity diet =====

मात्रावद्ध्यशनमशितमनुपहत्य प्रकृतिं बलवर्णसुखायुषा योजयत्युपयोक्तारमवश्यमिति||८||  

मात्रावद्ध्यशनमशितमनुपहत्य प्रकृतिं बलवर्णसुखायुषा योजयत्युपयोक्तारमवश्यमिति||८||  

Here are verses again-

Here are verses again-

Accordingly, one should never eat such heavy articles as preparations of flour, rice, flattened rice etc., on top of a meal. Even while hungry one should take them in right quantity. [9]

Accordingly, one should never eat such heavy to digest articles as preparations of flour, rice, flattened rice etc., on top of a meal. Even while hungry one should take them in right quantity. [9]

==== Forbidden food articles for habitual consumption ====

===== Forbidden food articles for habitual consumption =====

   

   

वल्लूरं शुष्कशाकानि शालूकानि बिसानि च|  

वल्लूरं शुष्कशाकानि शालूकानि बिसानि च|  

One should not be habitual to take coagulated milk, cream-cheese, pork, meat of cow and buffalo, fish, curd, black-gram and wild-barley. [11]

One should not be habitual to take coagulated milk, cream-cheese, pork, meat of cow and buffalo, fish, curd, black-gram and wild-barley. [11]

==== Food articles for regular consumption and preservation of health ====

===== Food articles for regular consumption and preservation of health =====

षष्टिकाञ्छालिमुद्गांश्च सैन्धवामलके यवान्|  

षष्टिकाञ्छालिमुद्गांश्च सैन्धवामलके यवान्|  

AntarIkShaM payaH sarpirjA~ggalaM madhu cAbhyaset||12||  

AntarIkShaM payaH sarpirjA~ggalaM madhu cAbhyaset||12||  

One should regularly consume ''Shashtika''-rice, ''Shali''-rice, green-gram, rock-salt, Indian-gooseberry, barley, rain-water, milk, ghee, flesh of ''jangala'' animals and honey. [12]

One should regularly consume ''Shashtika''rice, ''Shali'' rice(varieties of rice), green-gram, rock-salt, Indian-gooseberry, barley, rain-water, milk, ghee, flesh of ''jangala'' animals(arid habitat) and honey. [12]

तच्च नित्यं प्रयुञ्जीत स्वास्थ्यं येनानुवर्तते|  

तच्च नित्यं प्रयुञ्जीत स्वास्थ्यं येनानुवर्तते|  

ajAtAnAM vikArANAmanutpattikaraM ca yat||13||

ajAtAnAM vikArANAmanutpattikaraM ca yat||13||

One should take those as a daily routine, which maintains the health as well as prevents the onset of diseases. [13]

One should follow those in the daily regimen, which maintain health as well as prevent onset of diseases. [13]

==== Daily procedures for preservation of health ====

==== Daily procedures for preservation of health ====

From here onwards we shall explain the body regimen like collyrium etc. with reference to their role of maintaining health. [14]

From here onwards we shall explain the body regimen like collyrium etc. with reference to their role of maintaining health. [14]

==== Directions of Collyrium Use ====

===== Directions of Collyrium Use =====

सौवीरमञ्जनं नित्यं हितमक्ष्णोः प्रयोजयेत्|  

सौवीरमञ्जनं नित्यं हितमक्ष्णोः प्रयोजयेत्|  

pa~jcarAtre~aShTarAtre vA srAvaNArthe rasA~jjanam||15||

pa~jcarAtre~aShTarAtre vA srAvaNArthe rasA~jjanam||15||

One should apply the collyrium of antimony sulphide, which is beneficial to the eyes, daily; one should use ''rasanjana'' once in every fifth or eighth night for the drainage of the eyes. [15]

One should daily apply the collyrium of ''sauviranjana'' (antimony sulphide), which is beneficial to the eyes.; one should use ''rasanjana'' once in every fifth or eighth night for cleansing drainage of the eyes. [15]

 

चक्षुस्तेजोमयं तस्य विशेषाच्छ्लेष्मतो भयम्|  

चक्षुस्तेजोमयं तस्य विशेषाच्छ्लेष्मतो भयम्|  

tasmAt srAvyaM nishAyAM tu dhruvama~jjanamiShyate|18|

tasmAt srAvyaM nishAyAM tu dhruvama~jjanamiShyate|18|

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The eye is the element of ''agni''. So, it is susceptible to vitiated ''kapha''. Therefore, measures that pacify ''kapha'' are beneficial for keeping the vision clear. Strong collyrium shall not be applied to the eyes during the daytime as the eyes already weakened by drainage will get impaired further on exposure to sunshine. Therefore, the collyrium meant for drainage is desirable exclusively at night. [16-17]

The eye is the element of ''[[agni]]''. So, it is susceptible to vitiated ''[[kapha]]''. Therefore, measures that pacify ''[[kapha]]'' are beneficial for keeping the vision clear. Strong collyrium shall not be applied to the eyes during daytime as the eyes already weakened by drainage will get impaired further on exposure to sunshine. Therefore, the collyrium meant for cleansing drainage is indicated exclusively at night. [16-17]

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==== Importance of collyrium application ====

===== Importance and benefits of collyrium application =====

यथा हि कनकादीनां मलिनां  विविधात्मनाम्||१८||  

यथा हि कनकादीनां मलिनां  विविधात्मनाम्||१८||  

dRuShTirnirAkulA bhAti nirmale nabhasInduvat|20|  

dRuShTirnirAkulA bhAti nirmale nabhasInduvat|20|  

Just as various kinds of tarnished gold-ornaments get cleansed by washing with oil, cloth and hair, so also, by the use of salves, aspersions in the eyes, the vision of a person shines brightly like moon in the clear sky. [18-19]

Just as various kinds of tarnished gold-ornaments get cleansed by washing with oil, cloth and hairs.s also, by the use of salves, aspersions in the eyes, the vision of a person shines brightly like moon in the clear sky. [18-19]

==== Herbal cigars, its types, directions of use and indications ====

==== [[Dhumapana]] (Medicated smoking), its types, directions of use and indications ====

===== ''Prayogika dhumapana'' (daily smoking for prevention of disease) =====

===== ''Prayogika dhumapana'' (therapeutic smoking for prevention of disease) =====

हरेणुकां प्रियङ्गुं च पृथ्वीकां केशरं नखम्||२०|

हरेणुकां प्रियङ्गुं च पृथ्वीकां केशरं नखम्||२०|

snehAktAmagnisampluShTAM pibet prAyogikIM sukhAm|25|  

snehAktAmagnisampluShTAM pibet prAyogikIM sukhAm|25|  

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''Harenuka, priyangu, prithvika, kesara, nakha, hribera, candana, patra, tvak, ela, usira, padmaka, dhyamaka, madhuka, mamsi, guggulu, aguru,'' ''sarkara,'' good bark of ''nyagrodha,'' ''asvatha, plakha,'' and ''lodhra, vanya, sarjarasa, musta, saileya, kamala, utpala,'' ''sriveshtaka, sallaki,'' and ''sukabarha'' – all these are macerated, made as  paste and applied on a hollow reed of ''sara'' plant, to the thickness  of ''yava'', on the reed of the size of the thumb and  of  eight ''angula'' (16 cm) in length. After the paste dries, the physician should remove the reed of ''sara'' plant, smear the wick with ''ghee'' and introduce it into the nozzle of the smoking apparatus, and light its front tip with fire and ask the person to inhale its smoke. This is ''prayogiki dhuma'' (daily inhalation for the healthy person) and it bestows comfort. [20-24]

''Harenuka, priyangu, prithvika, kesara, nakha, hribera, chandana, patra, tvak, ela, ushira, padmaka, dhyamaka, madhuka, mamsi, guggulu, aguru,'' ''sarkara,'' good bark of ''nyagrodha,'' ''asvatha, plakha,'' and ''lodhra, vanya, sarjarasa, musta, saileya, kamala, utpala,'' ''sriveshtaka, sallaki,'' and ''sukabarha'' – all these are macerated, made as  paste and applied on a hollow reed of ''sara'' plant, to the thickness  of ''yava'', on the reed of the size of the thumb and  of  eight ''angula'' (16 cm) in length. After the paste dries, the physician should remove the reed of ''sara'' plant, smear the wick with ''ghee'' and introduce it into the nozzle of the smoking apparatus, and light its front tip with fire and ask the person to inhale its smoke. This is ''prayogiki dhuma'' (daily inhalation for the healthy person) and it bestows comfort. [20-24]

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===== ''Snaihika dhumapana'' (lubricatory smoking for reducing dryness) =====

===== ''Snaihika dhumapana'' (lubricatory smoking for reducing dryness) =====