Changes

===== ''Ksharagada'' =====

===== ''Ksharagada'' =====

The site of affliction of Visha explains the site of action and the mode of action of the Agada. If we go through the indications of the Agada, we can easily come to a conclusion that the drug has a GIT level action (where there is Grathitha Kapha), very specifically in conditions of Garavisha with a Nidana and Samprapthi of the Udara (Dooshyodara) and Shotha. It also has a role in the management of disorders of the “Acute or chronic” pattern like Dooshivishaja origin.     

The site of affliction of ''visha'' explains the site of action and the mode of action of the ''agada''. If we go through the indications of the ''agada'', we can easily come to a conclusion that the drug has a GIT level action (where there is ''grathitha kapha''), very specifically in conditions of ''garavisha'' with a ''nidana'' and ''samprapti'' of the ''udara'' (''dooshyodara'') and ''shotha''. It also has a role in the management of disorders of the “acute or chronic” pattern like ''dooshivishaja'' origin.     

Characteristics of poisonous food:

 

There are the methods to detect the poisons present in various foods provided. The characteristics of person giving poison and poisonous food are described in the text. It signifies the relevance of a good forensic lab to detect the toxicities in food. Probably this is the oldest reference we get regarding the forensic lab. Other than this we can get ample references regarding this in the Artha shastra of Kautilya. Simlar explanation is seen in Sushruta Samiha regarding the testing of food before consuming if suspected to be poisoned. (S.K. 1/28-33)

==== Characteristics of poisonous food ====

Identification and types of snakes:

Based on the appearance the poisonous snakes available in India, till date, can be characterised into 3 varieties- the ones with hood, the ones which possess rounded marks on their body and the ones with streaks on its body.  

There are the methods to detect the poisons present in various foods provided. The characteristics of person giving poison and poisonous food are described in the text. It signifies the relevance of a good forensic lab to detect the toxicities in food.  

The hooded snakes include the Cobra and the King cobra, the ones with rounded marks include the vipers- different varieties of viper-Russels viper, pit vipers and saw scaled vipers and the ones with streaks includes the 2 varieties of krait- the common krait and banded krait.

 

Acharya Sushruta has explained other classification of snakes which includes the above three under Savisha variety, Nirvisha snakes and Vaikaranja or hybrid snakes (Su.Ka.4/9-10) He has further sub classified each of these 3 snakes into several varieties. (Su.Ka.4/34).

Probably this is the oldest reference we get regarding the forensic lab. Other than this we can get ample references regarding this in the ''artha shastra'' of Kautilya. Similar explanation is seen in Sushruta Samiha regarding the testing of food before consuming if suspected to be poisoned. (S.K. 1/28-33)

 

==== Identification and types of snakes ====

 

Based on the appearance the poisonous snakes available in India, till date, can be characterized into three varieties- the ones with hood, the ones which possess rounded marks on their body and the ones with streaks on its body.  

 

The hooded snakes include the cobra and the king cobra, the ones with rounded marks include the vipers- different varieties of viper: Russels viper, pit vipers and saw scaled vipers and the ones with streaks includes the two varieties of krait- the common krait and banded krait.

 

Acharya Sushruta has explained other classification of snakes which includes the above three under ''savisha'' variety, ''nirvisha'' snakes and ''vaikaranja'' or hybrid snakes (Su.Ka.4/9-10) He has further sub classified each of these three snakes into several varieties. (Su.Ka.4/34).

Darveekara snake – comparison: King cobra and cobra.

Darveekara snake – comparison: King cobra and cobra.