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Line 765: + + + + − tatra ślōkāḥ- + + + + + + + + + + − + + − + + + − + + + − Thus ends the fourteenth chapter on sudation in the shlokasthana of treatise written by Agnivesha and redacted by Charaka.[14] − + − • Sudation is a procedure applied to remove stiffness, heaviness and cold. It induces sweating by causing vasodilatation. It is indicated after oleation in most diseases. + − • Vata and kapha dominant diseases are indications of sudation therapy. + − • Both unctuous and dry agents can be prescribed, depending on the condition of the patient and the disease. For example, snigdha in vata vikara and ruksha in kapha vikara.+ − • The choice of sudation (wet or dry) also depends upon the location of vitiated dosha e.g., if vata is in the stomach, initial swedana is ruksha, and if kapha is in the intestine then snigdha swedana is indicated.+ − • Mild sudation, applied with caution, is advised for vital organs in case of absolute indication with specific agents.+ − • Swedana is contraindicated in conditions where bleeding, circulatory failure, dehydration, hypotension and neuropathy are likely to occur. Swedana is absolutely contraindicated in patients with generalized debility and in comatosed patients.+ − + + + + + +
→Summary
तत्र श्लोकाः-
तत्र श्लोकाः-
स्वेदो यथा कार्यकरो हितो येभ्यश्च यद्विधः|
स्वेदो यथा कार्यकरो हितो येभ्यश्च यद्विधः|
यत्र देशे यथा योग्यो देशो रक्ष्यश्च यो यथा||६८||
यत्र देशे यथा योग्यो देशो रक्ष्यश्च यो यथा||६८||
स्विन्नातिस्विन्नरूपाणि तथाऽतिस्विन्नभेषजम्|
स्विन्नातिस्विन्नरूपाणि तथाऽतिस्विन्नभेषजम्|
अस्वेद्याः स्वेदयोग्याश्च स्वेदद्रव्याणि कल्पना||६९||
अस्वेद्याः स्वेदयोग्याश्च स्वेदद्रव्याणि कल्पना||६९||
त्रयोदशविधः स्वेदो विना दशविधोऽग्निना|
त्रयोदशविधः स्वेदो विना दशविधोऽग्निना|
सङ्ग्रहेण च षट् स्वेदाः स्वेदाध्याये निदर्शिताः||७०||
सङ्ग्रहेण च षट् स्वेदाः स्वेदाध्याये निदर्शिताः||७०||
स्वेदाधिकारे यद्वाच्यमुक्तमेतन्महर्षिणा |
स्वेदाधिकारे यद्वाच्यमुक्तमेतन्महर्षिणा |
शिष्यैस्तु प्रतिपत्तव्यमुपदेष्टा पुनर्वसुः||७१||
शिष्यैस्तु प्रतिपत्तव्यमुपदेष्टा पुनर्वसुः||७१||
tatra ślōkāḥ-
svēdō yathā kāryakarō hitō yēbhyaśca yadvidhaḥ|
svēdō yathā kāryakarō hitō yēbhyaśca yadvidhaḥ|
yatra dēśē yathā yōgyō dēśō rakṣyaśca yō yathā||68||
yatra dēśē yathā yōgyō dēśō rakṣyaśca yō yathā||68||
svinnātisvinnarūpāṇi tathā'tisvinnabhēṣajam|
svinnātisvinnarūpāṇi tathā'tisvinnabhēṣajam|
asvēdyāḥ svēdayōgyāśca svēdadravyāṇi kalpanā||69||
asvēdyāḥ svēdayōgyāśca svēdadravyāṇi kalpanā||69||
trayōdaśavidhaḥ svēdō vinā daśavidhō'gninā|
trayōdaśavidhaḥ svēdō vinā daśavidhō'gninā|
saṅgrahēṇa ca ṣaṭ svēdāḥ svēdādhyāyē nidarśitāḥ||70||
saṅgrahēṇa ca ṣaṭ svēdāḥ svēdādhyāyē nidarśitāḥ||70||
svēdādhikārē yadvācyamuktamētanmaharṣiṇā |
svēdādhikārē yadvācyamuktamētanmaharṣiṇā |
śiṣyaistu pratipattavyamupadēṣṭā punarvasuḥ||71||
śiṣyaistu pratipattavyamupadēṣṭā punarvasuḥ||71||
tatra shlokAH-
tatra shlokAH-
svedo yathA kAryakaro hito yebhyashca yadvidhaH|
svedo yathA kAryakaro hito yebhyashca yadvidhaH|
yatra deshe yathA yogyo desho rakShyashca yo yathA||68||
yatra deshe yathA yogyo desho rakShyashca yo yathA||68||
svinnAtisvinnarUpANi tathA~atisvinnabheShajam|
svinnAtisvinnarUpANi tathA~atisvinnabheShajam|
asvedyAH svedayogyAshca svedadravyANi kalpanA||69||
asvedyAH svedayogyAshca svedadravyANi kalpanA||69||
trayodashavidhaH svedo vinA dashavidho~agninA|
trayodashavidhaH svedo vinA dashavidho~agninA|
sa~ggraheNa ca ShaT svedAH svedAdhyAye nidarshitAH||70||
sa~ggraheNa ca ShaT svedAH svedAdhyAye nidarshitAH||70||
svedAdhikAre yadvAcyamuktametanmaharShiNA |
svedAdhikAre yadvAcyamuktametanmaharShiNA |
shiShyaistu pratipattavyamupadeShTA punarvasuH||71||
shiShyaistu pratipattavyamupadeShTA punarvasuH||71||
In summary, the mode of action of sudation, safety, types, suitability to various body parts, recommended protection measures for specific regions of the body, symptoms of optimum and oversudation, medicaments for oversudation, contraindications and indications of sudation, materials used for sudation, preparations, thirteen types of fire-induced fomentation, ten types of fomentation without fire, and six concise types of sudation have been explained in this chapter on sudation. (68-71)
In summary, the mode of action of sudation, safety, types, suitability to various body parts, recommended protection measures for specific regions of the body, symptoms of optimum and oversudation, medicaments for oversudation, contraindications and indications of sudation, materials used for sudation, preparations, thirteen types of fire-induced fomentation, ten types of fomentation without fire, and six concise types of sudation have been explained in this chapter on sudation. [68-71]
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने स्वेदाध्यायो नाम चतुर्दशोऽध्यायः||१४||
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने स्वेदाध्यायो नाम चतुर्दशोऽध्यायः||१४||
ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē svēdādhyāyō nāma caturdaśō'dhyāyaḥ||14||
ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē svēdādhyāyō nāma caturdaśō'dhyāyaḥ||14||
ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute shlokasthAne svedAdhyAyo nAmacaturdasho~adhyAyaH||14||
ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute shlokasthAne svedAdhyAyo nAmacaturdasho~adhyAyaH||14||
Tattva vimarsha :
Thus ends the fourteenth chapter on sudation in the [[Sutra Sthana]] of treatise written by Agnivesha and redacted by Charaka.[14]
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
*Sudation is a procedure applied to remove stiffness, heaviness and cold. It induces sweating by causing vasodilatation. It is indicated after oleation in most diseases.
*Vata and kapha dominant diseases are indications of sudation therapy.
*Both unctuous and dry agents can be prescribed, depending on the condition of the patient and the disease. For example, snigdha in vata vikara and ruksha in kapha vikara.
Vidhi vimarsha
*The choice of sudation (wet or dry) also depends upon the location of vitiated dosha e.g., if vata is in the stomach, initial swedana is ruksha, and if kapha is in the intestine then snigdha swedana is indicated.
*Mild sudation, applied with caution, is advised for vital organs in case of absolute indication with specific agents.
*Swedana is contraindicated in conditions where bleeding, circulatory failure, dehydration, hypotension and neuropathy are likely to occur. Swedana is absolutely contraindicated in patients with generalized debility and in comatosed patients.
=== Vidhi Vimarsha ===
Swedana should only be administered following a proper snehana (unless indicated otherwise). On application of unctuous substances like taila on various body parts, sweda forms an intervening viscous layer between the skin and the immediate environment prior to transdermal drug absorption. Thus the heat lost through sudation, along with large amounts of fluid and a marginal amount of Na+ and Cl- ions through radiation / conduction / convection / evaporation (which could potentially impair thermoregulation or cause hypothermia) does not happen too rapidly. Also, the procedure of swedana promotes the transdermal absorption of the sneha by inducing peripheral vasodilatation. However, environmental humidity and the duration of swedana procedure has to be strictly monitored, as exposure to small rise in temperature for a prolonged time can have a greater impact (more evaporation) than exposure to high temperature for a short time in a humid atmosphere[1]. Hence yathavath prayojithaihi has been written expressly to denote the optimal exposure to swedana.
Swedana should only be administered following a proper snehana (unless indicated otherwise). On application of unctuous substances like taila on various body parts, sweda forms an intervening viscous layer between the skin and the immediate environment prior to transdermal drug absorption. Thus the heat lost through sudation, along with large amounts of fluid and a marginal amount of Na+ and Cl- ions through radiation / conduction / convection / evaporation (which could potentially impair thermoregulation or cause hypothermia) does not happen too rapidly. Also, the procedure of swedana promotes the transdermal absorption of the sneha by inducing peripheral vasodilatation. However, environmental humidity and the duration of swedana procedure has to be strictly monitored, as exposure to small rise in temperature for a prolonged time can have a greater impact (more evaporation) than exposure to high temperature for a short time in a humid atmosphere[1]. Hence yathavath prayojithaihi has been written expressly to denote the optimal exposure to swedana.
Proper application of snehana (abhyanthara and bahya) and swedana enhances gastro intestinal motility. A study enumerates the instantaneous as well as prolonged benefits of continued swedana, concluding that habitual use of swedana improves one’s heat tolerance capacity and physical endurance, while observing increased autonomic functions among patients due to intermittent purposeful heat stress. [2] There are numerous studies which claim that gastrointestinal motility disorders are caused due to decreased autonomic activity and its therapeutic increase, therefore helps cure motility disorders, thereby improving bowel-bladder functioning. [verse 3-5]
Proper application of snehana (abhyanthara and bahya) and swedana enhances gastro intestinal motility. A study enumerates the instantaneous as well as prolonged benefits of continued swedana, concluding that habitual use of swedana improves one’s heat tolerance capacity and physical endurance, while observing increased autonomic functions among patients due to intermittent purposeful heat stress. [2] There are numerous studies which claim that gastrointestinal motility disorders are caused due to decreased autonomic activity and its therapeutic increase, therefore helps cure motility disorders, thereby improving bowel-bladder functioning. [verse 3-5]