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→Tantrayukti (canons of exposition/tricks to understand text)
Therefore, Charaka, having the excellent intelect and wisdom redacted this illustrious treatise, which was lacking as one-third of its present form. This incomplete or missing text was completed by Dridhabala, the resident of Panchanadpur, by adding 17 chapters of [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 12 chapters in [[Kalpa Sthana]] and [[Siddhi Sthana]] each. Total 41 chapters were added by Dridhabala. He collected the subject matter from different sources like picking up the grains, the completed the text in excellent form which is available today. Hence this text is not deficient in shabda (words) their meanings and free from textual blemishes. It is ''vichitrabhibhushitam'' (decorated/endowed/embellished) with thirty six ''tantrayuktis'' (canons of exposition). [36-40]
Therefore, Charaka, having the excellent intelect and wisdom redacted this illustrious treatise, which was lacking as one-third of its present form. This incomplete or missing text was completed by Dridhabala, the resident of Panchanadpur, by adding 17 chapters of [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 12 chapters in [[Kalpa Sthana]] and [[Siddhi Sthana]] each. Total 41 chapters were added by Dridhabala. He collected the subject matter from different sources like picking up the grains, the completed the text in excellent form which is available today. Hence this text is not deficient in shabda (words) their meanings and free from textual blemishes. It is ''vichitrabhibhushitam'' (decorated/endowed/embellished) with thirty six ''tantrayuktis'' (canons of exposition). [36-40]
==== Tantrayukti (canons of exposition/tricks to understand text) ====
==== ''Tantrayukti'' (canons of exposition/tricks to understand text) ====
तत्राधिकरणंयोगोहेत्वर्थोऽर्थःपदस्यच||४१||
तत्राधिकरणंयोगोहेत्वर्थोऽर्थःपदस्यच||४१||
प्रदेशोद्देशनिर्देशवाक्यशेषाःप्रयोजनम्|
प्रदेशोद्देशनिर्देशवाक्यशेषाःप्रयोजनम्|
उपदेशापदेशातिदेशार्थापत्तिनिर्णयाः||४२||
उपदेशापदेशातिदेशार्थापत्तिनिर्णयाः||४२||
प्रसङ्गैकान्तनैकान्ताःसापवर्गोविपर्ययः|
प्रसङ्गैकान्तनैकान्ताःसापवर्गोविपर्ययः|
पूर्वपक्षविधानानुमतव्याख्यानसंशयाः||४३||
पूर्वपक्षविधानानुमतव्याख्यानसंशयाः||४३||
अतीतानागतावेक्षास्वसञ्ज्ञोह्यसमुच्चयाः|
अतीतानागतावेक्षास्वसञ्ज्ञोह्यसमुच्चयाः|
निदर्शनंनिर्वचनंसन्नियोगोविकल्पनम्||४४||
निदर्शनंनिर्वचनंसन्नियोगोविकल्पनम्||४४||
प्रत्युत्सारस्तथोद्धारःसम्भवस्तन्त्रयुक्तयः||
प्रत्युत्सारस्तथोद्धारःसम्भवस्तन्त्रयुक्तयः||
tatrādhikaraṇaṁyōgōhētvarthō'rthaḥpadasyaca||41||
tatrādhikaraṇaṁyōgōhētvarthō'rthaḥpadasyaca||41||
pradēśōddēśanirdēśavākyaśēṣāḥprayōjanam|
pradēśōddēśanirdēśavākyaśēṣāḥprayōjanam|
upadēśāpadēśātidēśārthāpattinirṇayāḥ||42||
upadēśāpadēśātidēśārthāpattinirṇayāḥ||42||
prasaṅgaikāntanaikāntāḥsāpavargōviparyayaḥ|
prasaṅgaikāntanaikāntāḥsāpavargōviparyayaḥ|
pūrvapakṣavidhānānumatavyākhyānasaṁśayāḥ||43||
pūrvapakṣavidhānānumatavyākhyānasaṁśayāḥ||43||
atītānāgatāvēkṣāsvasañjñōhyasamuccayāḥ|
atītānāgatāvēkṣāsvasañjñōhyasamuccayāḥ|
nidarśanaṁnirvacanaṁsanniyōgōvikalpanam||44||
nidarśanaṁnirvacanaṁsanniyōgōvikalpanam||44||
pratyutsārastathōddhāraḥsambhavastantrayuktayaḥ|
pratyutsārastathōddhāraḥsambhavastantrayuktayaḥ|
tatrAdhikaraNaMyogohetvartho~arthaHpadasyaca||41||
tatrAdhikaraNaMyogohetvartho~arthaHpadasyaca||41||
pradeshoddeshanirdeshavAkyasheShAHprayojanam|
pradeshoddeshanirdeshavAkyasheShAHprayojanam|
upadeshApadeshAtideshArthApattinirNayAH||42||
upadeshApadeshAtideshArthApattinirNayAH||42||
prasa~ggaikAntanaikAntAHsApavargoviparyayaH|
prasa~ggaikAntanaikAntAHsApavargoviparyayaH|
pUrvapakShavidhAnAnumatavyAkhyAnasaMshayAH||43||
pUrvapakShavidhAnAnumatavyAkhyAnasaMshayAH||43||
atItAnAgatAvekShAsvasa~jj~johyasamuccayAH|
atItAnAgatAvekShAsvasa~jj~johyasamuccayAH|
nidarshanaMnirvacanaMsanniyogovikalpanam||44||
nidarshanaMnirvacanaMsanniyogovikalpanam||44||
pratyutsArastathoddhAraHsambhavastantrayuktayaH||
pratyutsArastathoddhAraHsambhavastantrayuktayaH||
Number of tantra yuktis (36 Canons of exposition): 1. Adhikaraṇa (subject matter) 2. Yoga (rational combination) 3. Hetvarth (extension of argument) 4. Padarth (implication or import of words)5. Pradesh (partial enunciation) 6. Uddesha (concise statement) 7. Nirdesha (amplification) 8.Vakyashesha (supply of ellipsis) 9. Prayojana (aim/object) 10. Upadesha (Authoritative instruction), 11. Apadesh (adducement of reasons), 12. Atidesha (indication) 13. Arthapatti (implication), 14. Nirṇaya (decision), 15. Prasanga (restatement) 16. Ekanta (categorical statement), 17. Anekanta (compromising statement), 18. Apavarga (exception) 19. Viparyaya (opposite) 20. Purvapaksha (amplification of earlier statement) 21. Vidhana (correct interpretation) 22. Anumata (confession) 23. Vyakhyana (explanation) 24. Samsaya (doubt) 25. Atitavekekshna (retrospective reference), 26. Anagatavekshna (prospective reference), 27.Svasangya (technical terms) 28. Uhya (deduction), 29. Samuchya (specification), 30. Nidarshana (Illustration), 31. Nirvachana (citation of analogy), 32. Sanniyoga (injuction) 33. Vikalpana (option) 34. Pratyutsara (rebuttal), 35. Uddhara (re-affirmation), 36. Sambhava (possibility). (41-44)
===== Number of ''tantra yuktis'' (36 Canons of exposition) =====
#''Adhikaraṇa'' (subject matter)
#''Yoga'' (rational combination)
#''Hetvarth'' (extension of argument)
#''Padarth'' (implication or import of words)
#''Pradesh'' (partial enunciation)
#''Uddesha'' (concise statement)
#''Nirdesha'' (amplification)
#''Vakyashesha'' (supply of ellipsis)
#''Prayojana'' (aim/object)
#''Upadesha'' (Authoritative instruction),
#''Apadesh'' (adducement of reasons),
#''Atidesha'' (indication)
#''Arthapatti'' (implication),
#''Nirṇaya'' (decision),
#''Prasanga'' (restatement)
#''Ekanta'' (categorical statement),
#''Anekanta'' (compromising statement),
#''Apavarga'' (exception) ,
#''Viparyaya'' (opposite) ,
#''Purvapaksha'' (amplification of earlier statement),
#''Vidhana'' (correct interpretation) ,
#''Anumata'' (confession) ,
#''Vyakhyana'' (explanation) ,
#''Samsaya'' (doubt) ,
#''Atitavekekshna'' (retrospective reference),
#''Anagatavekshna'' (prospective reference),
#''Svasangya'' (technical terms)
#''Uhya'' (deduction),
#''Samuchya'' (specification),
#''Nidarshana'' (Illustration),
#''Nirvachana'' (citation of analogy),
#''Sanniyoga'' (injuction) ,
#''Vikalpana'' (option),
#''Pratyutsara'' (rebuttal),
#''Uddhara'' (re-affirmation),
#''Sambhava'' (possibility). [41-44]
तन्त्रेसमासव्यासोक्तेभवन्त्येताहिकृत्स्नशः||४५||
तन्त्रेसमासव्यासोक्तेभवन्त्येताहिकृत्स्नशः||४५||
एकदेशेनदृश्यन्तेसमासाभिहितेतथा||
एकदेशेनदृश्यन्तेसमासाभिहितेतथा||
tantrēsamāsavyāsōktēbhavantyētāhikr̥tsnaśaḥ||45||
tantrēsamāsavyāsōktēbhavantyētāhikr̥tsnaśaḥ||45||
ēkadēśēnadr̥śyantēsamāsābhihitētathā||
ēkadēśēnadr̥śyantēsamāsābhihitētathā||
tantresamAsavyAsoktebhavantyetAhikRutsnashaH||45||
tantresamAsavyAsoktebhavantyetAhikRutsnashaH||45||
ekadeshenadRushyantesamAsAbhihitetathA||
ekadeshenadRushyantesamAsAbhihitetathA||
These tantrayuktis are found in concise/aphoristic or extended/expository form in all text to make the subject clear and understandable but where the text itself is composed inconcise/aphoristic form, they are adopted partially only. (45)
These ''tantrayuktis'' are found in concise/aphoristic or extended/expository form in all text to make the subject clear and understandable but where the text itself is composed inconcise/aphoristic form, they are adopted partially only. [45]
यथाऽम्बुजवनस्यार्कःप्रदीपोवेश्मनोयथा||४६||
यथाऽम्बुजवनस्यार्कःप्रदीपोवेश्मनोयथा||४६||
प्रबोधनप्रकाशार्थास्तथातन्त्रस्ययुक्तयः||
प्रबोधनप्रकाशार्थास्तथातन्त्रस्ययुक्तयः||
yathā'mbujavanasyārkaḥpradīpōvēśmanōyathā||46||
yathā'mbujavanasyārkaḥpradīpōvēśmanōyathā||46||
prabōdhanaprakāśārthāstathātantrasyayuktayaḥ||
prabōdhanaprakāśārthāstathātantrasyayuktayaḥ||
yathA~ambujavanasyArkaHpradIpoveshmanoyathA||46||
yathA~ambujavanasyArkaHpradIpoveshmanoyathA||46||
prabodhanaprakAshArthAstathAtantrasyayuktayaH||
prabodhanaprakAshArthAstathAtantrasyayuktayaH||
Importance of tantrayuktis—As the Lotus blossom in ponds in the presence of Sun light, the dark house enlightened by the lamp, in the same way these tantrayuktis help to understand the treatise in holistic way ie prabodhan (knowledge) and prakashan (making clear).(46)
=====Importance of ''tantrayuktis'' =====
As the Lotus blossom in ponds in the presence of Sun light, the dark house enlightened by the lamp, in the same way these ''tantrayuktis'' help to understand the treatise in holistic way i.e. ''prabodhan'' (knowledge) and ''prakashan'' (making clear).[46]
एकस्मिन्नपियस्येहशास्त्रेलब्धास्पदामतिः||४७||
एकस्मिन्नपियस्येहशास्त्रेलब्धास्पदामतिः||४७||
सशास्त्रमन्यदप्याशुयुक्तिज्ञत्वात्प्रबुध्यते|
सशास्त्रमन्यदप्याशुयुक्तिज्ञत्वात्प्रबुध्यते|
अधीयानोऽपिशास्त्राणितन्त्रयुक्त्याविनाभिषक्|
अधीयानोऽपिशास्त्राणितन्त्रयुक्त्याविनाभिषक्|
नाधिगच्छतिशास्त्रार्थानर्थान्भाग्यक्षयेयथा||४८||
नाधिगच्छतिशास्त्रार्थानर्थान्भाग्यक्षयेयथा||४८||
ēkasminnapiyasyēhaśāstrēlabdhāspadāmatiḥ||47||
ēkasminnapiyasyēhaśāstrēlabdhāspadāmatiḥ||47||
saśāstramanyadapyāśuyuktijñatvātprabudhyatē|
saśāstramanyadapyāśuyuktijñatvātprabudhyatē|
adhīyānō'piśāstrāṇitantrayuktyāvinābhiṣak|
adhīyānō'piśāstrāṇitantrayuktyāvinābhiṣak|
nādhigacchatiśāstrārthānarthānbhāgyakṣayēyathā||48||
nādhigacchatiśāstrārthānarthānbhāgyakṣayēyathā||48||
ekasminnapiyasyehashAstrelabdhAspadAmatiH||47||
ekasminnapiyasyehashAstrelabdhAspadAmatiH||47||
sashAstramanyadapyAshuyuktij~jatvAtprabudhyate|
sashAstramanyadapyAshuyuktij~jatvAtprabudhyate|
adhIyAno~apishAstrANitantrayuktyA[1]vinAbhiShak|
adhIyAno~apishAstrANitantrayuktyA[1]vinAbhiShak|