Changes

==== Verse 8 ====

==== Verse 8 ====

The probable errors committed by the person who administers basti are 10 in number.  Charaka in 3rd chapter of sidhi has laid down the standard operative procedure of administration as follows:

The probable errors committed by the person who administers ''basti'' are 10 in number.  Charaka in 3rd chapter of ''siddhi'' has laid down the standard operative procedure of administration as follows:

Guda and the distal ¼ of the netra) should be anointed first (स्निग्धे गुदे नेत्रचतुर्थभागं स्निग्धं) and slowly the nētra should be introduced in the direction of spine (शनैरृज्वनपृष्ठवंशम्), without any trembling, tremor etc., with skilled hands (अकम्पनावेपनलाघवादीन् पाण्योर्गुणांश्चापि विदर्शयंस्तम्) and the medication should be emptied in a single squeeze from basti (प्रपीड्य चैकग्रहणेन दत्तं) and slowly nētra can be withdrawn (नेत्रं शनैरेव ततोऽपकर्षेत्). (Ca.Si.3/19, 20)

 

Cakrapäni categorizes these as pranayana, badha and pīḍāna. Savāta is a defect committed during badha (filling and tying of basti) and pīḍāna (squeezing of basti). Atidruta, utkṣipta, tiryak, kampita, ati, and bāhyaga are considered as defects committed during pranayana (introduction of nētra into the anus). Ullupta, mandavēga and ativēga are committed while pīḍāna.

''Guda'' (and the distal ¼ of the ''netra'') should be anointed first (स्निग्धे गुदे नेत्रचतुर्थभागं स्निग्धं) and slowly the ''netra'' should be introduced in the direction of spine (शनैरृज्वनपृष्ठवंशम्), without any trembling, tremor etc., with skilled hands (अकम्पनावेपनलाघवादीन् पाण्योर्गुणांश्चापि विदर्शयंस्तम्) and the medication should be emptied in a single squeeze from ''basti'' (प्रपीड्य चैकग्रहणेन दत्तं) and slowly ''netra'' can be withdrawn (नेत्रं शनैरेव ततोऽपकर्षेत्). (Ca.Si.3/19, 20)

Suśruta has explained pranidhānadōṣā and pīḍānadōṣā separately and are six and four in number respectively8. Pīḍānakāla was not specified by Caraka and Vāgbhata have mentioned its significance in the procedure. Direct reference to pīḍānakāla by Suśruta lacks clarity, eventhough Dalhana gives commentary on pīḍānakāla as thirty mātrā for a person with mrudu (delicate/tender) koṣṭha कोष्ठ (bowels) 9.

 

Practically, it is seen that conducting a per rectal examination prior to the introduction of nētra provides not only valuable information on the condition of rectum but also de-sensitizes10 the rectum thereby ensuring smooth conduct of the procedure. It is observed that chances of most defects in introduction are done away with the adoption of this maneuver in practice. Also, during squeezing of basti, if any resistance is felt, it is better to retract the nētra and re-introduce it as chances are likely that the aperture of nētra may be directed towards the wall of the anal canal.

Chakrapani categorizes these as ''pranayana, badha'' and ''peedana''. ''Savata'' is a defect committed during ''badha'' (filling and tying of ''basti'') and ''peedana'' (squeezing of ''basti''). ''Atidruta, utkshipta, tiryak, kampita, ati,'' and ''bahyaga'' are considered as defects committed during ''pranayana'' (introduction of ''netra'' into the anus). ''Ullupta, mandavega'' and ''ativega'' are committed while ''peedana''.

 

Sushruta has explained ''pranidhanadosha'' and ''peedana dosha'' separately and are six and four in number respectively8. ''Peedanakala'' was not specified by Charaka and Vagbhata have mentioned its significance in the procedure. Direct reference to peedanakala by Sushruta lacks clarity, even though Dalhana gives commentary on ''peedanakala'' as thirty ''matra'' for a person with ''mridu'' (delicate/tender) ''koshtha'' कोष्ठ (bowels) 9.

 

Practically, it is seen that conducting a per rectal examination prior to the introduction of ''netra'' provides not only valuable information on the condition of rectum but also de-sensitizes10 the rectum thereby ensuring smooth conduct of the procedure. It is observed that chances of most defects in introduction are done away with the adoption of this maneuver in practice. Also, during squeezing of ''basti'', if any resistance is felt, it is better to retract the ''netra'' and re-introduce it as chances are likely that the aperture of ''netra'' may be directed towards the wall of the anal canal.

==== Verse 9-10 ====

==== Verse 9-10 ====