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तस्मादेतद्ब्रूमहे-  

तस्मादेतद्ब्रूमहे-  

अमातृजश्चायं गर्भोऽपितृजश्चानात्मजश्चासात्म्यजश्चारसजश्च, न चास्ति सत्त्वमौपपादुकमिति (होवाचभरद्वाजः)||४||  

अमातृजश्चायं गर्भोऽपितृजश्चानात्मजश्चासात्म्यजश्चारसजश्च, न चास्ति सत्त्वमौपपादुकमिति (होवाचभरद्वाजः)||४||  

na khalvapi paralōkādētya sattvaṁ garbhamavakrāmati; yadi hyēnamavakrāmēt, nāsya kiñcitpaurvadēhikaṁ syādaviditamaśrutamadr̥ṣṭaṁ vā, sa ca tacca na kiñcidapi smarati (6)||4||  

na khalvapi paralōkādētya sattvaṁ garbhamavakrāmati; yadi hyēnamavakrāmēt, nāsya kiñcitpaurvadēhikaṁ syādaviditamaśrutamadr̥ṣṭaṁ vā, sa ca tacca na kiñcidapi smarati (6)||4||  

Thus ends the third chapter on “the formation of embryo” in the context of Śārīra of the Śārīrasthana of Agnivesa’s work redacted by Charaka.

Thus ends the third chapter on “the formation of embryo” in the context of Śārīra of the Śārīrasthana of Agnivesa’s work redacted by Charaka.

Tattva Vimarsha:

 

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===

 

• Six components interplay in the genesis, growth and development of garbha (fetus). These are - matrija (maternal), pitraja (paternal), aatmaja (soul), satmyaja (suitable environment), rasaja (nourishment), and sattvaja or mana (psyche).

• Six components interplay in the genesis, growth and development of garbha (fetus). These are - matrija (maternal), pitraja (paternal), aatmaja (soul), satmyaja (suitable environment), rasaja (nourishment), and sattvaja or mana (psyche).

o There is equilibrium of interplay (satmyaja) between all the components.

o There is equilibrium of interplay (satmyaja) between all the components.

o From sattvaja: manifestations of mind.

o From sattvaja: manifestations of mind.

• Blind parent’s offspring will not be blind if there is no gene defect.

• Blind parent’s offspring will not be blind if there is no gene defect.

Vidhi Vimarśa

 

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===

 

The following factors can be considered, keeping in mind the statement “a man with retas (semen), not afflicted by any abnormality, and a woman with disease-free yoni (genital tract), shoṇita (ovum), and garbhāśaya (uterine bed), when sexually unite during the fertile phase” is being put into context.

The following factors can be considered, keeping in mind the statement “a man with retas (semen), not afflicted by any abnormality, and a woman with disease-free yoni (genital tract), shoṇita (ovum), and garbhāśaya (uterine bed), when sexually unite during the fertile phase” is being put into context.

Male Factors

Male Factors

The term shukra has been described to be of two forms in Ayurveda textbooks: 1. The one that is ejaculated during the process of mating, which is responsible for fertilization of ovum and thus embryogenesis, and 2. The one that is formed from Majjā (marrow, or the tissue that fills up bone cavities) which in turn circulates all over the body both in males and females.  Reproduction is the function of this second form of shukra also. Therefore, on careful examination, it seems that the first form of shukra stands for semen in general and for sperms in particular and, the second form of shukra stands for hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of hormones that circulates all over the body. For instance, the GnRH of the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH which in turn stimulates testes and ovaries to form hormones such as testosterone, estrogen and progesterone. As per Ayurveda classics, the brain, and thus, the hypothalamus, is obviously a part of majjā which is enclosed in mastaka. [5]

The term shukra has been described to be of two forms in Ayurveda textbooks: 1. The one that is ejaculated during the process of mating, which is responsible for fertilization of ovum and thus embryogenesis, and 2. The one that is formed from Majjā (marrow, or the tissue that fills up bone cavities) which in turn circulates all over the body both in males and females.  Reproduction is the function of this second form of shukra also. Therefore, on careful examination, it seems that the first form of shukra stands for semen in general and for sperms in particular and, the second form of shukra stands for hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of hormones that circulates all over the body. For instance, the GnRH of the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH which in turn stimulates testes and ovaries to form hormones such as testosterone, estrogen and progesterone. As per Ayurveda classics, the brain, and thus, the hypothalamus, is obviously a part of majjā which is enclosed in mastaka. [5]

The term rasa has been translated by various authors as chyme, chyle, lymph, plasma etc. However, it is difficult to restrict the meaning of this term to any of such specific fluids. As rasa has been described to be a colorless fluid that gets propelled out of the heart by vyāna vāyu into the vascular tree, it is more logical to translate it as plasma. However, the fluids in the interstitial spaces and the fluid in the lymphatic vessels also are to be included under rasa because we find no other apt term that describes these fluids. Moreover, the word rasa includes all those bodily fluids that flow. As the major function of rasa is to nourish the other tissues, we have translated it as nutritive fluid in this context. [6]

The term rasa has been translated by various authors as chyme, chyle, lymph, plasma etc. However, it is difficult to restrict the meaning of this term to any of such specific fluids. As rasa has been described to be a colorless fluid that gets propelled out of the heart by vyāna vāyu into the vascular tree, it is more logical to translate it as plasma. However, the fluids in the interstitial spaces and the fluid in the lymphatic vessels also are to be included under rasa because we find no other apt term that describes these fluids. Moreover, the word rasa includes all those bodily fluids that flow. As the major function of rasa is to nourish the other tissues, we have translated it as nutritive fluid in this context. [6]

References:

 

=== References ===

 

1. Alan H. DeCherney, Lauren Nathan, T. Murphy Goodwin, Neri Laufer. Current Diagnosis & Treatment Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tenth Edition. McGraw Hill Professional, 2007. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-143900-8

1. Alan H. DeCherney, Lauren Nathan, T. Murphy Goodwin, Neri Laufer. Current Diagnosis & Treatment Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tenth Edition. McGraw Hill Professional, 2007. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-143900-8

2. MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. Lancet.1991;338 (8760):131– 137

2. MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. Lancet.1991;338 (8760):131– 137

5. Patwardhan K. Human Physiology in Ayurveda. Varanasi, India: Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2008, Jiakrishnadas series no. 134.

5. Patwardhan K. Human Physiology in Ayurveda. Varanasi, India: Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2008, Jiakrishnadas series no. 134.

6. Patwardhan K. The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters. Adv Physiol Educ. 2012;36:77–82.

6. Patwardhan K. The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters. Adv Physiol Educ. 2012;36:77–82.

Further reading:

 

=== Further reading ===

 

1. Dhiman K, Kumar A, Dhiman K S. Shad Garbhakara Bhavas vis-a-vis congenital and genetic disorders. AYU 2010;31:175-84.  Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3215361/. (Date last accessed: 14th March 2014)

1. Dhiman K, Kumar A, Dhiman K S. Shad Garbhakara Bhavas vis-a-vis congenital and genetic disorders. AYU 2010;31:175-84.  Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3215361/. (Date last accessed: 14th March 2014)

2. D. G. Thatte and Bhuvesh Gupta. Embryology in Ayurveda (Textual Concepts with Recent Advances). Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi. 2011.

2. D. G. Thatte and Bhuvesh Gupta. Embryology in Ayurveda (Textual Concepts with Recent Advances). Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi. 2011.