Changes

''Udavarta'' word refers to excretion [9] and is caused by suppression of natural urges due to which path of ''vata'' is obstructed resulting in hampering of normal functioning and movement of ''vata''. [Madhukosha Teeka on M.Ni. 27/1] Conditions characterized by retention of feces, urine and flatus, associated with pain and leading to or caused by anti-peristaltic movements in the body.

''Udavarta'' word refers to excretion [9] and is caused by suppression of natural urges due to which path of ''vata'' is obstructed resulting in hampering of normal functioning and movement of ''vata''. [Madhukosha Teeka on M.Ni. 27/1] Conditions characterized by retention of feces, urine and flatus, associated with pain and leading to or caused by anti-peristaltic movements in the body.

Gulma:

==== ''Gulma'' ====

Gulma is a condition in which there is palpable mobile or immobile lump in abdomen, in shape and constantly increasing and decreasing in size. So, gulma can be taken as any abdominal lump which can be palpated. [ Cha. Ni. 3/7, Cha. Chi. 5/7]

 

Kasa: Kasa refers to a condition in which air is expelled from the lungs with a sudden explosive sound of cough. [10] Kasa includes all pathological conditions in which coughing is cardinal feature. [ Cha.Chi.18/8, Su.Utt.52/5]

''Gulma'' is a condition in which there is palpable mobile or immobile lump in abdomen, in shape and constantly increasing and decreasing in size. So, ''gulma'' can be taken as any abdominal lump which can be palpated. [ Cha. Ni. 3/7, Cha. Chi. 5/7]

Shvasa:

 

Shvasa word implies respiration. Shvasa vyadhi refers to pathological conditions in which there is difficulty in breathing. [11] Shvasa is a condition in which person breathes rapidly like a leather bag which inflates and deflates with speed. Shvasa refers to impaired cardiorespiratory function including systemic causes. [Madhukosha Teeka on M. Ni. 12.15]

==== ''Kasa'' ====

Hikka:

 

Hikka is a disease in which hik hik sound is produced. It can be correlated with hiccup [12] and its pathological variation mentioned in Ayurvedic texts ranges from mild to severe life threatening conditions. [ Su.U. 50/6, Madhukosha on Ma.Ni. 12/3]

''Kasa'' refers to a condition in which air is expelled from the lungs with a sudden explosive sound of cough. [10] ''Kasa'' includes all pathological conditions in which coughing is cardinal feature. [ Cha.Chi.18/8, Su.Utt.52/5]

Trishna:

 

Trishna literally means thirst, a clinical entity in which patient suffers from excessive thirst not satisfied even after excessive water intake. [ A. U. 48/3 ]

==== ''Shvasa'' ====

Chhardi: In chhardi (vomiting), food and dosha are forcefully expelled out through mouth.

 

Arochaka:

''Shvasa'' word implies respiration. ''Shvasa vyadhi'' refers to pathological conditions in which there is difficulty in breathing. [11] ''Shvasa'' is a condition in which person breathes rapidly like a leather bag which inflates and deflates with speed. ''Shvasa'' refers to impaired cardiorespiratory function including systemic causes. [Madhukosha Teeka on M. Ni. 12.15]

Arochaka refers to a clinical condition in which person has loss of taste, appetite and aversion to food. [13]   

 

Shiroroga and Hridroga:

==== ''Hikka'' ====

‘Shira’ is head and ‘hridaya’ is heart. Shiro roga are diseases of head and related structures [14] and hridroga is cardiovascular diseases [15]  

 

Pandu:

''Hikka'' is a disease in which ''hik hik'' sound is produced. It can be correlated with hiccup [12] and its pathological variation mentioned in Ayurvedic texts ranges from mild to severe life threatening conditions. [ Su.U. 50/6, Madhukosha on Ma.Ni. 12/3]

Pandu is pallor of skin[16]  and mucosa and is consistent with anemia.

 

Unmada: Unmada is a syndrome with multiple manifestations and heterogeneous causes, including psychosis and mood disorders, It is characterized by perturbation / confusion (vibhrama) of mind (manas), intellect (buddhi), consciousness (sangyaa), knowledge (gyaana), memory (smriti), desire (bhakti), manner (sheela), behaviour (cheshtaa), conduct (aachaara). This is cardinal sign of unmada.  

==== ''Trishna'' ====

Apasmara:

 

Apasmara is a clinical condition with impaired memory, intellect and cognition, characterized by seizures and impaired consciousness, resembling epilepsy.

''Trishna'' literally means thirst, a clinical entity in which patient suffers from excessive thirst not satisfied even after excessive water intake. [ A. U. 48/3 ]

Akshi roga, karna roga and mukha roga :

 

Akshi Roga refers to ophthalmic disorders, karna roga to diseases of ear [18] and mukha roga as disorders of mouth.

==== ''Chhardi'' ====

Grahani :

 

Grahani is a group of diseases involving small intestine as in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases and all types of disorders of digestion and absorption.

In ''chhardi'' (vomiting), food and ''dosha'' are forcefully expelled out through mouth.

Mada/Murchha:

 

Mada is acute state of confusion and delirium and murcha is deep loss of consciousness (syncope).  

==== ''Arochaka'' ====

Shosha:

 

Shosha refers to phthisis, a progressive wasting or consumptive condition such as tuberculosis. It generally refers to depletion of dhatu and hence strength.  

''Arochaka'' refers to a clinical condition in which person has loss of taste, appetite and aversion to food. [13]  

Klaibya: Klaibya denotes impotence.[22]  

   

Shotha: Shotha is a condition with swelling/distension. [23]  

==== ''Shiroroga'' and ''Hridroga'' ====

Kilasa: Kilasa refers to depigmentation of skin as in leukoderma, vitiligo.

 

Rakta pitta: Disorder of bleeding[24]/coagulopathies.  

''Shira'' is head and ''hridaya'' is heart.Thus, ''Shiroroga'' are diseases of head and related structures [14] while ''hridroga'' are cardiovascular diseases [15]  

Jwara : Jwara refers to fever.[25]

 

==== ''Pandu'' ====

 

''Pandu'' is pallor of skin[16]  and mucosa and is consistent with anemia.

 

==== ''Unmada'' ====

 

''Unmada'' is a syndrome with multiple manifestations and heterogeneous causes, including psychosis and mood disorders. It is characterized by perturbation / confusion (''vibhrama'') of mind (''manas''), intellect (''buddhi''), consciousness (''sangyaa''), knowledge (''jnana''), memory (''smriti''), desire (''bhakti''), manner (''sheela''), behaviour (''cheshta''), conduct (''aachaara''). This is cardinal sign of ''unmada''.  

 

==== ''Apasmara'' ====

 

''Apasmara'' is a clinical condition with impaired memory, intellect and cognition, characterized by seizures and impaired consciousness, resembling epilepsy.

 

==== ''Akshi roga, karna roga'' and ''mukha roga'' ====

 

''Akshi Roga'' refers to ophthalmic disorders, ''karna roga'' to diseases of ear [18] and ''mukha roga'' as disorders of mouth.

 

==== ''Grahani'' ====

 

''Grahani'' is a group of diseases involving small intestine as in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases and all types of disorders of digestion and absorption.

 

==== ''Mada/Murchha'' ====

 

''Mada'' is acute state of confusion and delirium and ''murchcha'' is deep loss of consciousness (syncope).  

 

==== ''Shosha'' ====

 

''Shosha'' refers to phthisis, a progressive wasting or consumptive condition such as tuberculosis. It generally refers to depletion of ''dhatu'' and hence strength.  

 

==== ''Klaibya'' ====

 

''Klaibya'' denotes impotence.[22]  

 

==== ''Shotha'' ====

 

''Shotha'' is a condition with swelling/distension. [23]  

 

==== ''Kilasa'' ====

 

''Kilasa'' refers to depigmentation of skin as in leukoderma, vitiligo.

 

 

''Raktapitta'' stand for a group of disorders of bleeding[24]/coagulopathies.  

 

==== ''Jwara'' ====

 

''Jwara'' refers to fever.[25]

 

Vrana: Vrana (wound) is defined as any lesion in the body causing damage or destruction of the tissue which on healing may leave behind a scar permanently.  

Vrana: Vrana (wound) is defined as any lesion in the body causing damage or destruction of the tissue which on healing may leave behind a scar permanently.  

Aayama: Aayama refers to abnormal posture of body due to severe muscular spasm or dysotnia.  

Aayama: Aayama refers to abnormal posture of body due to severe muscular spasm or dysotnia.