Changes

*It has been clarified that exogenous and endogenous diseases can coexist and at times endogenous diseases are followed by the exogenous ones and even the exogenous ones are followed by the endogenous one. So, while treating such type of conditions secondary development and the primary nature of the disease should be properly analyzed. [Verse no.7]

*It has been clarified that exogenous and endogenous diseases can coexist and at times endogenous diseases are followed by the exogenous ones and even the exogenous ones are followed by the endogenous one. So, while treating such type of conditions secondary development and the primary nature of the disease should be properly analyzed. [Verse no.7]

*With the advancement of scientific knowledge and technology mode of disease classification has changed a lot but the basic principles remain the same. At present, disease classification is based upon etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features etc. So, basis remains the same but due to enhancement in knowledge nomenclature has changed. [Verse no.3]

*With the advancement of scientific knowledge and technology mode of disease classification has changed a lot but the basic principles remain the same. At present, disease classification is based upon etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features etc. So, basis remains the same but due to enhancement in knowledge nomenclature has changed. [Verse no.3]

Udara roga:

 

Cardinal feature of udara roga is swelling in abdomen so all diseases having presentation with abdominal swelling/distension can be taken under common term ‘udara roga’. In general diseases of stomach and bowel can be included in it. [3][Madhukosh on M.Ni.35/1, Ch.Su.18/31]

==== ''Udara roga'' ====

So, udara rogas described in Ayurveda can be correlated with different intraabdominal conditions in which abdominal swelling/distension is prime feature eg. abdominal tumours, hepato/splenomegalies, intestinal obstruction, perforation, ascites etc. Subtypes of udara roga are named and described on the cause of swelling/distension. First four types are named after dosha involved. Description of ‘pleehodara’ in Chikitsa Sthana closely resembles with spleen enlargement. Pleeha refers to spleen so all conditions with predominant splenomegaly which cause visible abdominal swelling/distension can be taken by the term pleehodara. Baddha means obstruction so obstructive conditions leading to abdominal swelling/distension can be clubbed as baddhodara. Cause and symptoms closely resembles with that of intestinal obstruction so intestinal obstruction could be the possible modern correlate. Chidra refers to hole. In description of chidrodara it is clearly mentioned that intestine is injured which leads to exudation of material from intestine to abdominal cavity from the injured site. This condition closely resembles intestinal perforation. Udaka literally refers to water. Udakodara or jalodara is a condition in which fluid is accumulated in intestine. Based on resemblance in clinical features it can be correlated with ascites.

 

Mutraghata:

Cardinal feature of ''udara roga'' is swelling in abdomen so all diseases having presentation with abdominal swelling/distension can be taken under common term ''udara roga''. In general diseases of stomach and bowel can be included in it. [3][Madhukosh on M.Ni.35/1, Ch.Su.18/31]

So, ''udara rogas'' described in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] can be correlated with different intraabdominal conditions in which abdominal swelling/distension is the prime feature eg. abdominal tumours, hepato/splenomegalies, intestinal obstruction, perforation, ascites etc. Subtypes of ''udara roga'' are named and described on the cause of swelling/distension. First four types are named after ''dosha'' involved. Description of ''pleehodara'' in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] closely resembles with spleen enlargement. ''Pleeha'' refers to spleen so all conditions with predominant splenomegaly which cause visible abdominal swelling/distension can be taken by the term ''pleehodara''. ''Baddha'' means obstruction, and so obstructive conditions leading to abdominal swelling/distension can be clubbed as ''baddhodara''. Cause and symptoms closely resembles with that of intestinal obstruction so intestinal obstruction could be the possible modern correlate. ''Chhidra'' refers to cavity or hole. In description of ''chhidrodara'' it is clearly mentioned that intestine is injured which leads to exudation of material from intestine to abdominal cavity from the injured site. This condition closely resembles intestinal perforation. ''Udaka'' literally refers to water. ''Udakodara'' or ''jalodara'' is a condition in which fluid is accumulated in intestine. Based on resemblance in clinical features it can be correlated with ascites.

 

==== ''Mutraghata'' ====

 

In mutraghata main symptom is either oliguria or enuria due to suppression of urine formation and obstructive uropathy. Vijayarakshita has mentioned difference between mutrakrichra and mutraghata. In mutrakrichra there is painful and frequent micturition [4] so it can be correlated with dysuria as in urinary tract infection. All conditions in which urinary output is low or absent can be interpreted as mutraghata.[ Ma.Ni.31/1, Dalhana on S.U.58/1, Chakrapaani on C.Chi.26/43-44]

In mutraghata main symptom is either oliguria or enuria due to suppression of urine formation and obstructive uropathy. Vijayarakshita has mentioned difference between mutrakrichra and mutraghata. In mutrakrichra there is painful and frequent micturition [4] so it can be correlated with dysuria as in urinary tract infection. All conditions in which urinary output is low or absent can be interpreted as mutraghata.[ Ma.Ni.31/1, Dalhana on S.U.58/1, Chakrapaani on C.Chi.26/43-44]

Four types of mutraghata are classified according to dosha. Ashmari refers to stone. [5] So ashmarija mutraghata can be taken as obstruction of urine due to urolithiasis. In the same way based on the nomenclature sharkaraja mutraghata can be taken as condition with gravels in urinary tract, shukraja mutraghata as obstruction due to spermolith and shonitaja refers to blood clot and so it can be taken as hematuria due to tuberculosis, tumor, thrombosis, stone and trauma. .

Four types of mutraghata are classified according to dosha. Ashmari refers to stone. [5] So ashmarija mutraghata can be taken as obstruction of urine due to urolithiasis. In the same way based on the nomenclature sharkaraja mutraghata can be taken as condition with gravels in urinary tract, shukraja mutraghata as obstruction due to spermolith and shonitaja refers to blood clot and so it can be taken as hematuria due to tuberculosis, tumor, thrombosis, stone and trauma. .