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Line 27: − + − + + + + + + − Symptomatology of rajayakshma has been described in three different categories viz. trirupa, shadrupa and ekadashrupa. It seems that trirupa denotes the description of early tuberculosis when the disease is of mild nature whereas shadrupa is the clinical manifestation of the moderately advanced disease. Shadrupa is the cardinal symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis which are found in the majority of the patients. Ekadashrupa or elevenfold manifestation may appear in the far advanced stage of tuberculosis or in those patients whose 'vyadhikshamatva' (immunity) is hina (low). The clinical presentation of disease includes groups of signs with their specific pathogenesis. The increasing number of signs denote severity of disease and spread of disease over body organs. − As far as the treatment is concerned, mild samshodhan therapy is indicated in excess aggravation of dosha. However drastic purification leading to emaciation is strictly contraindicated especially virechana (purgation) therapy. Samshaman (pacification) therapy includes treatment of symptoms and treatment of emaciation to increase the declining dhatus (tissues) of the body by using various types of meat and wines. Meat having high protein content helps in rebuilding body tissues whereas wine acts as a tonic and appetizer, it also helps open the blocked channels thereby providing proper nutrition to all the tissues of the body. Rasayana (rejuvenation therapy) has significant role in enhancing immunity and thereby preventing infectious diseases. The formulations described in rajayakshma chapter are used to enhance immunity as well as an adjuvant therapies to anti-tubercular treatments in current practices.
→Introduction
''Rajayakshma'' has been identified since Vedic period (2400 BC). ''Yakshma'',the word, first appeared in the vedas (Rigveda and Atharvaveda), but a detailed description was missing. In the Ayurvedic treatises, or the Samhitas (1000 BC to 500 AD), a detailed description of ''rajayakshma'' can be found. An account of its definition, etiology, pathogenesis, general features, management, and the prognosis is found in [[Charaka Samhita]], ''Sushruta Samhita'', and ''Ashtanga Hridaya'' with more extensive description is in [[Charaka Samhita]]. Four etiological factors are described, ''sahasa'' (over exertion or working beyond one's capacity), ''samdharana'' (suppression of natural urges), ''kshaya'' (depletion of tissue element) and ''vishamashana'' (irregular diet).
''Rajayakshma'' has been identified since Vedic period (2400 BC). ''Yakshma'',the word, first appeared in the vedas (Rigveda and Atharvaveda), but a detailed description was missing. In the Ayurvedic treatises, or the Samhitas (1000 BC to 500 AD), a detailed description of ''rajayakshma'' can be found. An account of its definition, etiology, pathogenesis, general features, management, and the prognosis is found in [[Charaka Samhita]], ''Sushruta Samhita'', and ''Ashtanga Hridaya'' with more extensive description is in [[Charaka Samhita]]. Four etiological factors are described, ''sahasa'' (over exertion or working beyond one's capacity), ''samdharana'' (suppression of natural urges), ''kshaya'' (depletion of tissue element) and ''vishamashana'' (irregular diet).
The three chapters viz. [[Sosha Nidana]], [[Rajayakshma Chikitsa]] and [[Kshatakshina Chikitsa]] deal with similar clinical presentation of disease and priniciples of management. Dhatukshaya is common feature in all. Advancement of dhatukshaya in shosha reaches a stage when immunosuppression with resulting opportunistic infection occurs and is called rajyakshma. In kshatshina or urakshata there is chest injury due to direct or indirect trauma along with dhatukshaya. Brumhana of dhatu (nourishment) is the priniciple line of management.
The three chapters viz. [[Sosha Nidana]], [[Rajayakshma Chikitsa]] and [[Kshatakshina Chikitsa]] deal with similar clinical presentation of disease and principles of management. ''Dhatukshaya'' is common feature in all. Advancement of ''dhatukshaya'' in ''sosha'' reaches a stage when immuno-suppression with resulting opportunistic infection occurs and is called ''rajayakshma''. In ''kshatakshina'' or ''urakshata'' there is chest injury due to direct or indirect trauma along with ''dhatukshaya''. ''Brimhana'' of ''dhatu'' (nourishment) is the principle line of management.
Thus 'upsarga'(addional contact or exposure to) may be considered as "Sannikrishta Nidana" (recent cause) of rajayakshma. Sushruta was aware of this fact, and he has described its contagious nature by saying that skin diseases, fever, rajayakshma and conjunctivitis are infectious diseases which spread from one man to another man.
Thus ''upsarga''(additional contact or exposure to) may be considered as ''Sannikrishta Nidana'' (recent cause) of ''rajayakshma''. Sushruta was aware of this fact, and he has described its contagious nature by saying that skin diseases, fever, ''rajayakshma'' and conjunctivitis are infectious diseases which spread from one man to another man.
Symptomatology of ''rajayakshma'' has been described in three different categories viz. ''trirupa, shadrupa'' and ''ekadashrupa''. It seems that ''trirupa'' denotes the description of early tuberculosis when the disease is of mild nature whereas ''shadrupa'' is the clinical manifestation of the moderately advanced disease. ''Shadrupa'' is the cardinal symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis which are found in the majority of the patients. ''Ekadashrupa'' or eleven-fold manifestation may appear in the far advanced stage of tuberculosis or in those patients whose ''vyadhikshamatva'' (immunity) is ''hina'' (low). The clinical presentation of disease includes groups of signs with their specific pathogenesis. The increasing number of signs denote severity of disease and spread of disease over body organs.
As far as the treatment is concerned, mild ''samshodhana'' therapy is indicated in excess aggravation of ''dosha''. However drastic purification leading to emaciation is strictly contraindicated especially ''virechana'' (purgation) therapy. ''Samshamana'' (pacification) therapy includes treatment of symptoms and treatment of emaciation to increase the declining ''dhatus'' (tissues) of the body by using various types of meat and wines. Meat having high protein content helps in rebuilding body tissues whereas wine acts as a tonic and appetizer, it also helps open the blocked channels thereby providing proper nutrition to all the tissues of the body. ''Rasayana'' (rejuvenatives) have a significant role in enhancing immunity and thereby preventing infectious diseases. The formulations described in [[Rajayakshma Chikitsa]] enhance immunity as well as an adjuvant therapies to anti-tubercular treatments in current practices.
This chapter underscores the importance of judicious combination of modern drug treatment of infectious diseases with Ayurvedic treatment to achieve better results.[1]
This chapter underscores the importance of judicious combination of modern drug treatment of infectious diseases with Ayurvedic treatment to achieve better results.[1]