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| Containing bashpa (fog), sikta (air pollutant like industrial effluents, solid pollutant particulate matter), panshu (micro pollutants), dhuma (smoke or smog)
| Containing bashpa (fog), sikta (air pollutant like industrial effluents, solid pollutant particulate matter), panshu (micro pollutants), dhuma (smoke or smog)
| The particulate matter is mixture of microscopic solids and liquid droplets suspended in air. These include pollutants like acids, organic chemicals, soil, dust particles and allergens.<ref name="ref10">Particulate Matter Effects on Health - Air (U.S. National Park Service) [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jan 19]. Available from: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/air/humanhealth-pm.html</ref>
| The particulate matter is mixture of microscopic solids and liquid droplets suspended in air. These include pollutants like acids, organic chemicals, soil, dust particles and allergens.<ref name="ref10">Particulate Matter Effects on Health - Air (U.S. National Park Service) [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jan 19]. Available from: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/air/humanhealth-pm.html</ref>
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|rowspan="4"| Udaka <br/>(water)
|rowspan="4"| Udaka <br/>(water)
| Vikruta gandha- altered odour <br/>Vikruta varna- altered colour <br/>Vikruta rasa- altered taste <br/>Vikruta sparsha, kleda bahula – altered consistency.
| Vikruta gandha- altered odour <br/>Vikruta varna- altered colour <br/>Vikruta rasa- altered taste <br/>Vikruta sparsha, kleda bahula – altered consistency.
| Apreetikara aapada guna –Water sources having questionable palatability and quality.
| Apreetikara aapada guna –Water sources having questionable palatability and quality.
| The water quality is affected by pollutants and particulate matter rendering it undesirable taste, odour, colour and consistency. If the drinking water is not of optimum quality, it threatens the overall health of community.<ref name="ref14">Common Perceptible Water Quality Issues [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 5]. Available from: https://www.wqa.org/learn-about-water/perceptible-issues</ref>
| The water quality is affected by pollutants and particulate matter rendering it undesirable taste, odour, colour and consistency. If the drinking water is not of optimum quality, it threatens the overall health of community.<ref name="ref14">Common Perceptible Water Quality Issues [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 5]. Available from: https://www.wqa.org/learn-about-water/perceptible-issues</ref>
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|rowspan="5"| Desha <br/>(Soil or region)
|rowspan="5"| Desha <br/>(Soil or region)
| Dhoomrapavana – region having polluted atmosphere. <br/>Kshubhita salilashaya – pollution of available water resources.
| Dhoomrapavana – region having polluted atmosphere. <br/>Kshubhita salilashaya – pollution of available water resources.
| Pratata ulka pata - area more prone to occurrence of natural calamities like meteors etc. <br/>Bhumikampa – occurrence of earthquakes.
| Pratata ulka pata - area more prone to occurrence of natural calamities like meteors etc. <br/>Bhumikampa – occurrence of earthquakes.
| This refers to susceptibility of region for the occurrence of natural calamities.<ref name="ref19">Definition of NATURAL DISASTER [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jan 23]. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/natural+disaster</ref> These are a sudden events in nature that usually results in serious morbidity and mortality. floods ,earthquakes, tornados etc.
| This refers to susceptibility of region for the occurrence of natural calamities.<ref name="ref19">Definition of NATURAL DISASTER [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jan 23]. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/natural+disaster</ref> These are a sudden events in nature that usually results in serious morbidity and mortality. floods ,earthquakes, tornados etc.
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| Kaala
| Kaala
| Yatha ritu -viparita lakshana – excessive seasonal variations. <br/>yatha ritu- hina linga, ati linga
| Yatha ritu -viparita lakshana – excessive seasonal variations. <br/>yatha ritu- hina linga, ati linga