Changes

*In this chapter, diseases have been  classified according to ''sankhya samprapti'' (by the number of variants of the disease), ''vidhi samprapti'' (i.e., by features or symptoms of the disease). [Verse 3, 4(1)]

*In this chapter, diseases have been  classified according to ''sankhya samprapti'' (by the number of variants of the disease), ''vidhi samprapti'' (i.e., by features or symptoms of the disease). [Verse 3, 4(1)]

*The common thing among these three diseases with seven varieties is that their manifestation site is skin but they vary in clinical features, severity, chronicity etc. Nomenclature of ''kushtha'' and ''pidaka'' is based mainly on clinical manifestation and in ''visarpa'' subtypes have been also mentioned according to ''doshas'' involved. [Verse no. 4(2)]

*The common thing among these three diseases with seven varieties is that their manifestation site is skin but they vary in clinical features, severity, chronicity etc. Nomenclature of ''kushtha'' and ''pidaka'' is based mainly on clinical manifestation and in ''visarpa'' subtypes have been also mentioned according to ''doshas'' involved. [Verse no. 4(2)]

*Diseases are classified into six types on the basis of their etiological factors involved. During classifying ''atisara'' both physical and mental factors are considered while classification of udavarta is based on suppression of six important natural urges. [Verse no. 4(3)]

*Diseases are classified into six types on the basis of their etiological factors involved. During classifying ''atisara'' both physical and mental factors are considered while classification of ''udavarta'' is based on suppression of six important natural urges. [Verse no. 4(3)]

*In this verse 12 diseases have been mentioned which have 5 subtypes. If we analyze five subtypes of each disease we will find that in most of the cases four sub-types are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja''. Fifth type varies in many of above mentioned diseases like in ''gulma'' and ''pleeha dosha - raktaja'', in ''chhardi- dwistarthsangyogaja'', in ''bhaktasyanasana - dweshaja,'' in ''shiroroga'' and ''hridroga - krimija'', in ''pandu – mridbhakshanaja'' and in ''unmada – agantuja''. Any cause other than ''dosha'' remarkably changes pathogenesis of disease so keeping this fact in mind, last subtypes have been separately mentioned and named. For the same reason in ''kasa'', in place of ''sannipataja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja kasa'' and in ''trishna'' in place of kaphaja - aamaja trishna have been mentioned. In shvasa division has been done on the basis of prominent symptoms and in hikka it is based on both symptoms and causative factors. [Verse no. 4(4)]

*In this verse 12 diseases have been mentioned which have 5 subtypes. If we analyze five subtypes of each disease we will find that in most of the cases four sub-types are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja''. Fifth type varies in many of above mentioned diseases like in ''gulma'' and ''pleeha dosha - raktaja'', in ''chhardi- dwistarthsangyogaja'', in ''bhaktasyanasana - dweshaja,'' in ''shiroroga'' and ''hridroga - krimija'', in ''pandu – mridbhakshanaja'' and in ''unmada – agantuja''. Any cause other than ''dosha'' remarkably changes pathogenesis of disease so keeping this fact in mind, last subtypes have been separately mentioned and named. For the same reason in ''kasa'', in place of ''sannipataja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja kasa'' and in ''trishna'' in place of ''kaphaja - aamaja, trishna'' have been mentioned. In ''shvasa'' division has been done on the basis of prominent symptoms and in ''hikka'' it is based on both symptoms and causative factors. [Verse no. 4(4)]

*In eight out of set of ten diseases mentioned, classification into subtypes has been based on involvement of soshas. shosha & klaibya pathogenesis and treatment varies with cause of the disease so they are classified on the basis of causative agent involved. [Verse no. 4(5)]

*In eight out of set of ten diseases mentioned, classification into subtypes has been based on involvement of ''soshas''. ''Sosha and klaibya'' pathogenesis and treatment varies with cause of the disease so they are classified on the basis of causative agent involved. [Verse no. 4(5)]

*The basis of classification is different in all the three above mentioned diseases. In shotha subtypes are classified on the basis dosha, in kilasa it is based on clinical features and in lohitapitta it is classified on the basis of site of manifestation. [Verse no. 4(6)]

*The basis of classification is different in all the three above mentioned diseases. In ''shotha'' subtypes are classified on the basis ''dosha'', in ''kilasa'' it is based on clinical features and in ''lohitapitta'' it is classified on the basis of site of manifestation. [Verse no. 4(6)]

*Diseases are classified into two types based on etiology, clinical features, severity etc. mainly aimed to properly understand pathogenesis as well as to plan treatment. [Verse no. 4(7)]

*Diseases are classified into two types based on etiology, clinical features, severity etc. mainly aimed to properly understand pathogenesis as well as to plan treatment. [Verse no. 4(7)]

*Diseases with no subtypes have been mentioned. The above set includes possible variation of physical and mental causes. Urustambha occurs due to three doshas and ama, sanyasa is psycho-somatic in nature and in mahagada there is involvement of mental entities only. [Verse no. 4(8)]

*Diseases with no subtypes have been mentioned. The above set includes possible variation of physical and mental causes. ''Urustambha'' occurs due to three ''doshas'' and ''ama, sanyasa'' is psycho-somatic in nature and in ''mahagada'' there is involvement of mental entities only. [Verse no. 4(8)]

*While describing diseases with large number of subtypes separate way of classification was used. All the mentioned diseases are first broadly classified in a group and then sub-types are mentioned. Krimi are first classified into bahya, raktaja, shleshmaja and purishaja and then among these four groups twenty types of krimi have been mentioned.( Cha.Vi.7) Twenty types of prameha are broadly classified in three groups on basis of doshas and then subtypes are mentioned, Similarly, yoni vyapada are broadly classified as diseases due to dosha and diseases due to amalgamation of dosha and dushyas and under second category 16 types of diseases have been mentioned. [Verse no. 4(9)]

*While describing diseases with large number of subtypes separate way of classification was used. All the mentioned diseases are first broadly classified in a group and then sub-types are mentioned. ''Krimi'' are first classified into ''bahya, raktaja, shleshmaja'' and ''purishaja'' and then among these four groups twenty types of ''krimi'' have been mentioned.( Cha.Vi.7) Twenty types of ''prameha'' are broadly classified in three groups on basis of ''doshas'' and then subtypes are mentioned, Similarly, ''yoni vyapada'' are broadly classified as diseases due to ''dosha'' and diseases due to amalgamation of ''dosha'' and ''dushyas'' and under second category 16 types of diseases have been mentioned. [Verse no. 4(9)]

*Importance of dosha in disease production has been mentioned. Equilibrium of dosha is important aspect of swasthaya or health and if doshas are vitiated they will lead to disease formation. Three important factors by which one can diagnose disease have been mentioned in the above verse. [Verse no. 5]

*Importance of ''dosha'' in disease production has been mentioned. Equilibrium of ''dosha'' is important aspect of ''swasthaya'' or health and if ''doshas'' are vitiated they will lead to disease formation. Three important factors by which one can diagnose disease have been mentioned in the above verse. [Verse no. 5]

*It has been emphasized that there is separate category of disease (agantuja vyadhi) in which involvement of doshas may not be necessary. [Verse no. 6]

*It has been emphasized that there is separate category of disease (''agantuja vyadhi'') in which involvement of ''doshas'' may not be necessary. [Verse no. 6]

*It has been clarified that exogenous and endogenous diseases can coexist and at times endogenous diseases are followed by the exogenous ones and even the exogenous ones are followed by the endogenous one. So, while treating such type of conditions secondary development and the primary nature of the disease should be properly analyzed. [Verse no.7]

*It has been clarified that exogenous and endogenous diseases can coexist and at times endogenous diseases are followed by the exogenous ones and even the exogenous ones are followed by the endogenous one. So, while treating such type of conditions secondary development and the primary nature of the disease should be properly analyzed. [Verse no.7]

*With the advancement of scientific knowledge and technology mode of disease classification has changed a lot but the basic principles remain the same. At present, disease classification is based upon etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features etc. So, basis remains the same but due to enhancement in knowledge nomenclature has changed. [Verse no.3]

*With the advancement of scientific knowledge and technology mode of disease classification has changed a lot but the basic principles remain the same. At present, disease classification is based upon etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features etc. So, basis remains the same but due to enhancement in knowledge nomenclature has changed. [Verse no.3]

==== ''Mutraghata'' ====

==== ''Mutraghata'' ====

In mutraghata main symptom is either oliguria or enuria due to suppression of urine formation and obstructive uropathy. Vijayarakshita has mentioned difference between mutrakrichra and mutraghata. In mutrakrichra there is painful and frequent micturition [4] so it can be correlated with dysuria as in urinary tract infection. All conditions in which urinary output is low or absent can be interpreted as mutraghata.[ Ma.Ni.31/1, Dalhana on S.U.58/1, Chakrapaani on C.Chi.26/43-44]

In ''mutraghata'' main symptom is either oliguria or enuria due to suppression of urine formation and obstructive uropathy.''Vijayarakshita'' has mentioned difference between ''mutrakrichra'' and ''mutraghata''. In ''mutrakrichra'' there is painful and frequent micturition [4] so it can be correlated with dysuria as in urinary tract infection. All conditions in which urinary output is low or absent can be interpreted as ''mutraghata''.[ Ma.Ni.31/1, Dalhana on S.U.58/1, Chakrapaani on C.Chi.26/43-44]

Four types of mutraghata are classified according to dosha. Ashmari refers to stone. [5] So ashmarija mutraghata can be taken as obstruction of urine due to urolithiasis. In the same way based on the nomenclature sharkaraja mutraghata can be taken as condition with gravels in urinary tract, shukraja mutraghata as obstruction due to spermolith and shonitaja refers to blood clot and so it can be taken as hematuria due to tuberculosis, tumor, thrombosis, stone and trauma. .

 

Four types of ''mutraghata'' are classified according to ''dosha''. Ashmari refers to stone. [5] So ''ashmarija mutraghata'' can be taken as obstruction of urine due to urolithiasis. In the same way based on the nomenclature ''sharkaraja mutraghata'' can be taken as condition with gravels in urinary tract, ''shukraja mutraghata'' as obstruction due to spermolith and ''shonitaja'' refers to blood clot and so it can be taken as hematuria due to tuberculosis, tumor, thrombosis, stone and trauma.

 

Ksheera dosha: Ksheera literally means milk, disorders in which breast milk is vitiated can be taken under ksheera dosha. Eight types of ksheera dosha (pathological lactation) are mentioned according to change in physical characteristics of breast milk like color, smell, consistency etc.

Ksheera dosha: Ksheera literally means milk, disorders in which breast milk is vitiated can be taken under ksheera dosha. Eight types of ksheera dosha (pathological lactation) are mentioned according to change in physical characteristics of breast milk like color, smell, consistency etc.

Reto dosha :  

Reto dosha :