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{{#seo: | {{#seo: | ||
|title=Charak Samhita | |title=Charak Samhita | ||
|titlemode=append | |titlemode=append | ||
|keywords=Eranda, Ricinus communis L | |keywords= *Eranda, Ricinus communis L, Castor oil plant* Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda, | ||
|description= | |description= Eranda (Ricinus communis L.) is traditionally classified as a premier vatahara (pacifying vata) and virechaka (purgative) herb, widely utilized in Ayurveda for managing vataraka (gout), abdominal colic, backache, and inflammatory joint disorders. | ||
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | |image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | ||
|image_alt= | |image_alt=charak samhita | ||
|type=article | |type=article | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
Revision as of 17:20, 30 September 2026
| Section/Chapter | Herb database/Eranda |
|---|---|
| Botanical name(s) | Ricinus communis L. |
| Family | Euphorbiaceae |
| Availability | Available |
| Contributors | Team Dravyaguna |
| Year of publication | 2026 |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre |
| DOI | Awaited |
Ricinus communis L., popularly known as Eranda or the Castor Oil Plant, is a large, annual or perennial shrub distributed widely throughout tropical and subtropical regions. In Ayurveda, it is highly revered as the prime drug for managing Vata disorders (*Vatavyadhi*), especially rheumatoid arthritis (*Amavata*), abdominal conditions, and as an ideal agent for therapeutic purgation (*Virechana*) and enema therapies.[1]
English Name
Castor oil plant
Therapeutic Uses
Sotha (swelling), Jwara (fever), Udararoga (disease of abdomen), Amavata (rheumatoid arthritis), Bastisula (pain in urinary bladder)[1]
Synonyms in Charak Samhita
- Urubuka
- Vardhamana
- Urubaka
- Panchagula
- Chitra
Synonyms in Bhavaprakasa Nighantu
- Amana – The flowers when blossomed, plant appears very attractive.
- Chitra
- Gandharvahasta – Resembling the palm of Gandharva.
- Panchangula – Leaves of Eranda are palmately lobed.
- Vardhamana
- Dirghadanda – Leaves of Eranda have a long petiole.
- Vyadambaka – When wind blows, the inflorescence of Eranda appears like dancing.
- Vatari – Best drug for Vatavyadhi.
- Taruna
- Rubuka
Varieties
Bhavaprakasa Nighantu
- Sukla eranda
- Rakta eranda
Raja Nighantu
- Rakta eranda
- Sthula eranda
Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties
According to classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics (Rasa Panchaka), Eranda has the following properties:[1]
| Sr. No. | Pharmacological Criteria | Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taste (Rasa) | Sweet (Madhura), Pungent (Katu), Astringent (Kashaya) |
| 2 | Potency (Veerya) | Hot (Ushna) |
| 3 | Post-digestion Effect (Vipaka) | Sweet (Madhura) |
| 4 | Qualities (Guna) | Unctuous (Snigdha), Sharp (Tikshna), Subtleness (Sukshma) |
| 5 | Dosha Action (Karma) | Pacifies Kapha and Vata |
Reference in Charak Samhita and its Actions
Eranda is prominently documented across multiple therapeutic chapters of the Charaka Samhita:
| Sr. No. | Reference in Charak Samhita | Activity / Formulation / Therapeutic Use |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/12 | Asthapana (Therapeutic Enema) |
| 2 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(4) | Bhedaniya mahakashaya (group of herbs breaking mass/solid lesions) |
| 3 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(22) | Svedopag mahakashaya (helping diaphoresis/sudation) |
| 4 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(44) | Angamardaprashamana mahakashaya (relieving body-ache) |
| 5 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 13/10 | Sthavara Sneha Yoni (Vegetable origin of lipids) |
| 6 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 14/31 | Dravya for Nadi Sweda (tubular fomentation) |
| 7 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 14/42 | Dravya for Prastara Sweda (bed-fomentation) |
| 8 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 13/12 | Ideal for Virechana (purgation) |
| 9 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 25/40 | Agrya Sangraha (best food articles, factors, and drugs) |
| 10 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 26/84 | Viruddha ahara (unwholesome diet) |
| 11 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/108, 27/109 | Shaka Varga (group of vegetables) |
| 12 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/289 | Krutanna Varga (Class on food articles) |
| 13 | Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/139 | Madhur skanda (group of sweet drugs) |
| 14 | Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 7/50 | Pathyadi modaka |
| 15 | Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 11/11 | Saptala Shankhini Yoga |
| 16 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/235 | Used as Ksheerapaka where Jwara is associated with Parikartika (fissure) |
| 17 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/267 | As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila |
| 18 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/108 | Ingredient in Tiktekshvadi Taila for Abhyanga in Vata-Kaphaj Kushtha |
| 19 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/112 | Ingredient in Kanakakshiri Taila |
| 20 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/65 | In treatment of Vatodara for Anuvasana basti (unctuous enema) |
| 21 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/69 | In treatment of Pittodara for Anuvasana basti |
| 22 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/173 | Eranda taila is used in Avarana avastha of Udararoga |
| 23 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/44 | Used in Avasechana in Arsha roga (hemorrhoids) |
| 24 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/79 | Used for Virechana in treatment of Vataja grahani |
| 25 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/77, 17/80 | Used for Shodhanottara dhumpana (post-purification smoking) |
| 26 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/171 | As a yoga dravya |
| 27 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/48 | Used as medicine with Paya (milk) |
| 28 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/85 | Eranda taila with milk is used in Vata vyadhi with other doshas involved |
| 29 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/114 | As an ingredient of Utkarikadi lepa |
| 30 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/161 | As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila |
| 31 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/197 | Eranda taila is used in the treatment of Purishavrita vata |
| 32 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/61 | As an ingredient of Jeevaniya Ghrita |
| 33 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/81 | Used as Ksheerapaka for pain management |
| 34 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/83 | Eranda taila & ksheera used for Virechana in Bahudosha |
| 35 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/103 | As an ingredient of Amrutadhya taila |
| 36 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/140 | Used in Ksheerapishti form for Shoolanivrutti (pain relief) |
| 37 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/141 | Used in formulation of Erandamuladi pralepa |
| 38 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/198 | Used in treatment of Klaibya (impotency) for Asthapana basti |
Dose
- Decoction (*Kwatha*): 20 – 30 ml of the drug.[1]
Important Formulations
As per A.P.I.[1]
- Gandharvahastadi kwatha churna
- Vatari guggulu
- Gandharvahastadi taila
Current Availability
Available
- In India: Widely cultivated and found growing wild throughout tropical and subtropical regions.
Major Phytoconstituents
The pharmacological efficacy of *Ricinus communis* seeds, oil, and roots is attributed to several secondary metabolites:
- Fatty Acids (Castor Oil): High concentration of ricinoleic acid (accounting for nearly 85-90% of the fatty acid profile), alongside oleic, linoleic, and stearic acid triglycerides.
- Toxic Proteins & Alkaloids: Ricin (a toxic lectin) and ricinine (an alkaloid), which are detoxified during traditional processing.
- Flavonoids & Terpenoids: Quercetin, gallic acid, and various glycosides present in root and leaf extracts.
Therapeutic Efficacy & Modern Scientific Research
Modern pharmacological investigations validate several traditional claims associated with *Ricinus communis*:
1. Purgative and Gastrointestinal Action (*Virechana*)
- Traditional Use: Widely utilized as a safe and effective purgative and in managing abdominal conditions (*Udararoga*).
- Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Ricinoleic acid released from castor oil hydrolysis in the small intestine stimulates intestinal smooth muscle contraction and inhibits fluid absorption, promoting rapid and smooth evacuation.[2]
2. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activity (*Amavata*)
- Traditional Use: Indicated in *Amavata* (rheumatoid arthritis), swelling (*Sotha*), and localized pain.
- Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Root and oil extracts demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic models by inhibiting cyclooxygenase pathways, reducing edema, and alleviating joint discomfort.[3]
3. Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Efficacy
- Traditional Use: Applied topically for skin ulcers and localized infections.
- Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Seed and leaf extracts exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against common pathogens while enhancing dermal collagen synthesis and wound contraction metrics.[4]
Summary of Therapeutic Profile
| Indication | Active Biomolecules | Primary Pharmacological Action |
|---|---|---|
| Constipation & Bowel Cleansing (*Virechana*) | Ricinoleic acid triglycerides | Intestinal smooth muscle stimulant, Laxative |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (*Amavata* / *Sotha*) | Ricinoleic acid, Flavonoids | Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic |
| Wounds & Skin Irritation | Phenolic principles, Tannins | Antimicrobial, Dermal wound contraction |
Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage
- Precautions: Raw seeds contain toxic proteins (ricin) and must not be consumed unprocessed; standard therapeutic use relies on processed castor oil or purified root decoctions under professional guidance.
- Standard Therapeutic Dosage:
- Root Decoction (*Kwatha*): 20–30 ml.[1]
- Castor Oil (*Taila*): 5–15 ml as directed for purgation.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1:23
- ↑ Tunaru, S., et al. "Castor oil induces laxative effect via epithelial receptor EP3 activation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
- ↑ Shojaii, A., et al. "Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of Ricinus communis." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
- ↑ Perumal, P., et al. "Wound healing and antimicrobial properties of Ricinus communis leaf extracts." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
This article is under development ..