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|title=Charak Samhita | |title=Charak Samhita | ||
|titlemode=append | |titlemode=append | ||
|keywords=Atibala, | |keywords= *Atibala, Atibala, Indian mallow* Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda, | ||
|description= | |description= Atibala (Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet) is traditionally classified as a premier balya (tonic), rasayana, and vatahara herb, widely utilized in Ayurveda for managing general debility, joint disorders, urinary complaints, and inflammatory conditions. | ||
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | |image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | ||
|image_alt= | |image_alt=charak samhita | ||
|type=article | |type=article | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
|title = Atibala | |title = Atibala | ||
Revision as of 17:47, 30 September 2026
| Section/Chapter | Herb database/Atibala |
|---|---|
| Botanical name(s) | Abutilon indicum L. |
| Family | Malvaceae |
| Availability | Available |
| Contributors | Team Dravyaguna |
| Year of publication | 2026 |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre |
| DOI | Awaited |
Abutilon indicum L., popularly known as Atibala, is an annual or perennial shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions, widely distributed throughout India. In Ayurveda, it is highly revered as a potent tonic (*Balya*), rejuvenative (*Rasayana*), and Vata-Pitta pacifying medicine.[1]
English Name
Indian mallow
Therapeutic Use
Raktapitta (bleeding disorder), Vatarakta (gout), Meha (obstinate urinary disorders)[1]
Synonyms in Charak Samhita
- Atibala
- Rishyaprokta – Grows wild, so liked by sages and animals.
- Kankatika – Fruits resemble a comb.
- Balika
- Vatyapushpa – Flowers of atibala resemble flowers of bala.
- Bhuribala
Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties
According to classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics (Rasa Panchaka), Atibala has the following properties:[1]
| Sr. No. | Pharmacological Criteria | Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taste (Rasa) | Sweet (Madhura) |
| 2 | Potency (Veerya) | Cold (Sheeta) |
| 3 | Post-digestion Effect (Vipaka) | Sweet (Madhura) |
| 4 | Qualities (Guna) | Light (Laghu), Unctuous (Snigdha), Slimy (Pichhila) |
| 5 | Dosha Action (Karma) | Pacifies Vata and Pitta |
Reference in Charak Samhita and its Actions
Atibala is prominently documented across multiple therapeutic chapters of the Charaka Samhita:
| Sr. No. | Reference in Charak Samhita | Activity / Formulation / Therapeutic Use |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(7) | Balya mahakashaya (group of tonics) |
| 2 | Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/139 | Madhur skanda (group of sweet drugs) |
| 3 | Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/24 | Garbhini paricharya (antenatal care) |
| 4 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/2/4 | In formulation of Amalaka ghrita |
| 5 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/267 | As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila |
| 6 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/50 | As a yavagu (gruel) dravya |
| 7 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/87 | As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita |
| 8 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/159 | As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila |
| 9 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/56 | As an ingredient of Baladi Ghrita |
| 10 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/62 | As an ingredient of Jeevaniya Ghrita |
| 11 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/72 | As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha |
| 12 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/76 | As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila |
Dose
- Powder (Churna): 3 – 6 g daily.[1]
Important Formulations
As per A.P.I.[1]
- Bala taila
- Narayana taila
- Mahanarayana taila
Current Availability
Available
- In India: Found all over India, particularly in waste places, roadsides, and tropical regions.
Major Phytoconstituents
The pharmacological efficacy of *Abutilon indicum* is attributed to its diverse secondary metabolites distributed across roots, leaves, and seeds:
- Flavonoids & Alkaloids: Contains active flavonoids, glycosides, and various alkaloidal constituents.
- Mucilage & Carbohydrates: High concentrations of mucilage present in leaves and roots contributing to demulcent properties.
- Sterols & Fatty Acids: Beta-sitosterol, gallic acid, and essential oils.
Therapeutic Efficacy & Modern Scientific Research
Modern pharmacological evaluations and experimental studies validate several traditional therapeutic uses of *Abutilon indicum*:
1. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity
- Traditional Use: Indicated in *Vatarakta* (gout) and inflammatory joint discomforts.
- Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Experimental studies show that root and leaf extracts significantly reduce acute and chronic inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and prostaglandin synthesis. The anti-nociceptive profile helps mitigate pain responses in animal models.[2]
2. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Properties
- Traditional Use: Used in tissue rejuvenation and general debility.
- Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Plant extracts demonstrate substantial free-radical scavenging capacity and restoration of hepatic enzymes. In vivo studies confirm protection against toxin-induced liver damage by enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase.[3]
3. Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Efficacy
- Traditional Use: Applied locally for skin ulcers, boils, and infections.
- Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Extracts exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against common pathogens like *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Escherichia coli*. Furthermore, topical applications accelerate wound contraction and collagen deposition in dermal models.[4]
4. Hypoglycemic and Antidiabetic Effects
- Traditional Use: Traditionally managed under *Meha* conditions.
- Mechanism & Scientific Evidence: Oral administration of aqueous extracts results in significant blood glucose reduction in diabetic experimental models, acting partly by improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzymes.[5]
Summary of Therapeutic Profile
| Indication | Active Biomolecules | Primary Pharmacological Action |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation & Gout (*Vatarakta*) | Flavonoids, Sterols | Anti-inflammatory, Prostaglandin inhibition |
| Liver Health & Oxidative Stress | Phenolic compounds, Antioxidants | Free-radical scavenging, Hepatoprotection |
| Wound Healing & Infections | Mucilage, Tannins, Alkaloids | Antimicrobial, Dermal collagen deposition |
| Metabolic Support (*Meha*) | Glycosides, Active principles | Hypoglycemic, Enzyme modulation |
Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage
- Precautions: Generally safe at standard therapeutic doses; high doses should be avoided during early pregnancy unless guided by an Ayurvedic physician.
- Standard Therapeutic Dosage:
- Root/Plant Powder (Churna): 3–6 g daily.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:13
- ↑ Kasimala, M. B., et al. "Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts." International Journal of Pharmacology.
- ↑ Seetharam, Y., et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats." Fitoterapia.
- ↑ Kiran, K., et al. "Evaluation of wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Abutilon indicum Linn." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
- ↑ Palanivel, M., et al. "Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Abutilon indicum leaf extract in experimental diabetes." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.
This article is under development ..