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Eclipta prostrata Linn
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita
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|keywords= *Bhrungaraja, Eclipta prostrata Linn, False daisy, Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
|description= Bhrungaraja (Eclipta prostrata Linn.) is widely used in Ayurveda for liver disorders, hair care, and respiratory ailments. It acts as a rejuvenative (Rasayana) and balances Vata and Kapha doshas.
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
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}}
 
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Bhrungaraja
|title = Bhrungaraja
Line 5: Line 14:
|data1 = Herb database/Bhrungaraja
|data1 = Herb database/Bhrungaraja
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Eclipta prostrata Linn
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipta_prostrata Eclipta prostrata Linn.]
|label3 = Family
|label3 = Family
|data3 = Asteraceae
|data3 = Asteraceae
Line 11: Line 20:
|data4 = Available
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
|label6 = Year of publication  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 =  2025
|data6 =  2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
Line 19: Line 28:
|data8  = Awaited
|data8  = Awaited
}}
}}
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipta_prostrata Eclipta prostrata Linn.]''' (syn. *Eclipta alba* (Linn.) Hassk.), popularly known as '''Bhrungaraja''' (False Daisy), is a small, branched, annual herb belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is highly revered in [[Ayurveda]] as a primary *Rasayana* (rejuvenative) and *Kesya* (hair-promoting) drug, traditionally utilized for managing liver disorders, hair loss, and respiratory conditions.


==English name ==  
==English name ==  
False daisy, Yerba de tago


--
==Therapeutic uses==
==Therapeutic uses==
Sotha(oedema),Svasa(dyspnea),kasa(cough),pandu(anemia),yakrutaroga(liver disease),krumiroga(worms),shirahashoola(headache), hrudaroga(heart disease)<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2 :10</ref>
Sotha (oedema), Svasa (dyspnea), Kasa (cough), Pandu (anemia), Yakrutaroga (liver disease), Krumiroga (worms), Shirahashoola (headache), Hridroga (heart disease)<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2: 10.</ref>
 
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
Bhrungaraja
Bhrungaraja


==Synonyms in Bhavprakash nighantu==
==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==
Bhrungarajo, markava(prevent premature greying of hair), bhrunga, Angaraka, kesharaja(good effect on hair), kesharanjana,bhrungara<ref> Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, guduchyadi varga, verse no- 239</ref>
Bhrungarajo, Markava (prevents premature greying of hair), Bhrunga, Angaraka, Kesharaja (good effect on hair), Kesharanjana, Bhrungara<ref name="ref2">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, verse no. 239, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020.</ref>


==Varieties==
==Varieties==
==Raja nighantu==
===Raja Nighantu===
Mentioned three types<ref>Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, shatahvadi varga verse no- </ref>
Mentioned 3 types<ref name="ref3">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed. 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Shatavhadi Varga.</ref>
# Sweta  
# Sweta (White)<ref name="ref3"/>
# Pita  
# Pita (Yellow)<ref name="ref3"/>
# Nila  
# Nila (Blue)<ref name="ref3"/>
 
[[File:Eclipta_prostrata.jpg|thumb|Bhrungaraja (Eclipta prostrata)]]


== Botanical Profile & Traditional Context ==
In traditional Ayurvedic therapeutics, Bhrungaraja is classified as a potent *Rasayana* with pungent (*katu*) and bitter (*tikta*) tastes, hot potency (*ushna veerya*), and dry/sharp qualities (*ruksha, tikshna guna*). It acts effectively as a *kaphahara*, *vatahara*, *amahara*, *kesya*, and *chakshushya* agent, holding a supreme reputation for nourishing hair, supporting liver detoxification, and improving vitality<ref name="ref2"/>.


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
Line 46: Line 62:
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  ||Katu(pungent), tikta(bitter)
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Pungent (katu), Bitter (tikta)<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Ushna(hot)
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) ||Katu (pungent)  
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])||Ruksha(dry) , Tikshna(sharp)
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Dry (ruksha), Sharp (tikshna)<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) ||Balya , kaphahara,vatahara, amahara, rasayana,kesya,chaksushya,vishahara
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Balya, kaphahara, vatahara, amahara, rasayana, kesya, chakshushya, vishahara<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 65: Line 81:
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
|-
|-
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/25 || Vamanartha(for emesis)
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/25 || Vamanartha (for therapeutic emesis)
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Dose==
==Dose==
* 3-6 ml of the drug in juice form<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2 :10</ref>
* Juice form: 3–6 ml<ref name="ref1"/>
 
==Important formulations==
As per A.P.I.<ref name="ref1"/>
* Bhrungamalakadi taila
* Bhrungaraja taila
* Bhrungarajasava
 
== Current availability==
Available
* '''In India –''' Found throughout India, particularly growing abundantly in damp situations across Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Maharashtra<ref name="ref1"/>.


==Important formulation==
== Phytochemical Composition ==
As per A.P.I.<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2 :10</ref>
The therapeutic versatility of ''Eclipta prostrata'' is attributed to an active profile of secondary metabolites:
* Bhrungamalakadi taila
* '''Coumestans:''' Wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone, recognized for their strong hepatoprotective properties<ref name="ref4">{{cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=H. |last2=Geyer |last2=B. |last3=Kiso |last3=Y. |last4=Hikino |last4=H. |year=1986 |title=Coumestans as the main active principles of the liver-drugging drugs Eclipta alba and Wedelia calendulacea |journal=Planta Medica |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=370–374}}</ref>.
* Bhrungaraja taila
* '''Flavonoids & Phenolics:''' Apigenin, luteolin, apiin, and luteolin-7-glucoside<ref name="ref4"/>.
* Bhrungarajasava
* '''Terpenoids & Alkaloids:''' Ecliptine and various thiophene derivatives<ref name="ref4"/>.


== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy ==
=== Hepatoprotective and Anti-Hepatotoxic Actions ===
Bhrungaraja is widely celebrated in traditional and modern medicine for its profound restorative impact on hepatic function (*yakrutaroga*).
* '''Mechanism:''' Wedelolactone and active coumestans inhibit oxidative stress cascades, preserve cellular integrity, and regulate hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes<ref name="ref4"/>.
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Experimental studies demonstrate that administration of plant extracts significantly normalizes elevated liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and restores total protein and bilirubin levels following chemical-induced hepatic injury<ref name="ref4"/>.


== Current availability==  
=== Hair Growth Promotion and Follicular Activation ===
Its classical title *Kesya* matches modern validations confirming its efficacy against alopecia and hair thinning.
* '''Mechanism:''' Stimulates the transition of hair follicles from the resting phase (telogen) to the growth phase (anagen) by upregulating key signaling proteins like fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) and downregulating catagen-inducing proteins (FGF-5)<ref name="ref5">{{cite journal |last1=Roy |last2=R. K. |last1=Thakur |first2=M. |last3=Dixit |first3=V. K. |year=2008 |title=Hair growth promoting activity of Eclipta alba in male albino rats |journal=Archives of Dermatological Research |volume=300 |issue=7 |pages=357–364}}</ref>.
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Animal studies show that topical and systemic application accelerates hair shaft regeneration, deepens hair follicles into the subcutaneous layer, and darkens dorsal skin tone more rapidly than standard controls<ref name="ref5"/>.


Available
=== Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Properties ===
India – karnataka, kerala, andhrapradesha, tamilnadu, gujarat, maharashtra.
Traditional local applications for wounds and skin problems are verified through pharmacological evaluations.
* '''Mechanism:''' Scavenges free radicals, increases antioxidant enzymes in granulation tissue, and enhances collagen cross-linking and wound tensile strength<ref name="ref6">{{cite journal |last1=Taranalli |first1=A. D. |last2=Koppad |first2=A. S. |last3=Bharath |first3=S. |year=2004 |title=Wound healing activity of Eclipta prostrata leaves extract in rats |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=66 |issue=5 |pages=618–622}}</ref>.
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Research indicates that topical ointments formulated with leaf extracts significantly shorten the epithelialization period and accelerate wound contraction and closure<ref name="ref6"/>.


== Current researches ==
== Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage ==
https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Eclipta%20prostrata
* '''Acute Toxicity:''' Eclipta prostrata displays a high safety margin, with extracts found safe up to maximum tested thresholds without adverse mortality<ref name="ref1"/>.
* '''Precautions:''' Use under appropriate guidance if managing chronic conditions or concurrent conventional treatments.
* '''Standard Therapeutic Dosage:'''
** ''Fresh Leaf Juice (Swarasa):'' 3–6 ml daily<ref name="ref1"/>.
** ''Medicated Oils / Decoctions:'' As directed by an Ayurveda physician<ref name="ref1"/>.


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|+ Therapeutic Applications of ''Eclipta prostrata''
! Indication
! Active Biomolecules
! Primary Pharmacological Action
|-
| '''Liver Disorders / Yakrutaroga'''
| Wedelolactone, Demethylwedelolactone
| Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant
|-
| '''Hair Loss / Alopecia'''
| Apigenin, Luteolin, Flavonoids
| Anagen induction, Follicular stimulation
|-
| '''Wounds & Skin Ailments / Vrana'''
| Tannins, Ascorbic acid, Phenolics
| Pro-healing, Free radical scavenger
|}
 
== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2: 10.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, verse no. 239, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed. 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Shatavhadi Varga.</ref>
<ref name="ref4">{{cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=H. |last2=Geyer |last2=B. |last3=Kiso |last3=Y. |last4=Hikino |last4=H. |year=1986 |title=Coumestans as the main active principles of the liver-drugging drugs Eclipta alba and Wedelia calendulacea |journal=Planta Medica |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=370–374}}</ref>
<ref name="ref5">{{cite journal |last1=Roy |last1=R. K. |last2=Thakur |first2=M. |last3=Dixit |first3=V. K. |year=2008 |title=Hair growth promoting activity of Eclipta alba in male albino rats |journal=Archives of Dermatological Research |volume=300 |issue=7 |pages=357–364}}</ref>
<ref name="ref6">{{cite journal |last1=Taranalli |first1=A. D. |last2=Koppad |first2=A. S. |last3=Bharath |first3=S. |year=2004 |title=Wound healing activity of Eclipta prostrata leaves extract in rats |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=66 |issue=5 |pages=618–622}}</ref>
}}


This article is under development ..
[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]

Revision as of 05:19, 17 September 2026


Bhrungaraja
Section/Chapter Herb database/Bhrungaraja
Botanical name(s) Eclipta prostrata Linn.
Family Asteraceae
Availability Available
Contributors Team Dravyaguna
Year of publication 2026
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

Eclipta prostrata Linn. (syn. *Eclipta alba* (Linn.) Hassk.), popularly known as Bhrungaraja (False Daisy), is a small, branched, annual herb belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is highly revered in Ayurveda as a primary *Rasayana* (rejuvenative) and *Kesya* (hair-promoting) drug, traditionally utilized for managing liver disorders, hair loss, and respiratory conditions.

English name

False daisy, Yerba de tago

Therapeutic uses

Sotha (oedema), Svasa (dyspnea), Kasa (cough), Pandu (anemia), Yakrutaroga (liver disease), Krumiroga (worms), Shirahashoola (headache), Hridroga (heart disease)[1]

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Bhrungaraja

Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu

Bhrungarajo, Markava (prevents premature greying of hair), Bhrunga, Angaraka, Kesharaja (good effect on hair), Kesharanjana, Bhrungara[2]

Varieties

Raja Nighantu

Mentioned 3 types[3]

  1. Sweta (White)[3]
  2. Pita (Yellow)[3]
  3. Nila (Blue)[3]
Bhrungaraja (Eclipta prostrata)

Botanical Profile & Traditional Context

In traditional Ayurvedic therapeutics, Bhrungaraja is classified as a potent *Rasayana* with pungent (*katu*) and bitter (*tikta*) tastes, hot potency (*ushna veerya*), and dry/sharp qualities (*ruksha, tikshna guna*). It acts effectively as a *kaphahara*, *vatahara*, *amahara*, *kesya*, and *chakshushya* agent, holding a supreme reputation for nourishing hair, supporting liver detoxification, and improving vitality[2].

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Properties
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Pungent (katu), Bitter (tikta)[2]
2 Potency (veerya) Hot (ushna)[2]
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Pungent (katu)[2]
4 Qualities (guna) Dry (ruksha), Sharp (tikshna)[2]
5 Actions (karma) Balya, kaphahara, vatahara, amahara, rasayana, kesya, chakshushya, vishahara[2]

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 1/25 Vamanartha (for therapeutic emesis)

Dose

  • Juice form: 3–6 ml[1]

Important formulations

As per A.P.I.[1]

  • Bhrungamalakadi taila
  • Bhrungaraja taila
  • Bhrungarajasava

Current availability

Available

  • In India – Found throughout India, particularly growing abundantly in damp situations across Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Maharashtra[1].

Phytochemical Composition

The therapeutic versatility of Eclipta prostrata is attributed to an active profile of secondary metabolites:

  • Coumestans: Wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone, recognized for their strong hepatoprotective properties[4].
  • Flavonoids & Phenolics: Apigenin, luteolin, apiin, and luteolin-7-glucoside[4].
  • Terpenoids & Alkaloids: Ecliptine and various thiophene derivatives[4].

Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy

Hepatoprotective and Anti-Hepatotoxic Actions

Bhrungaraja is widely celebrated in traditional and modern medicine for its profound restorative impact on hepatic function (*yakrutaroga*).

  • Mechanism: Wedelolactone and active coumestans inhibit oxidative stress cascades, preserve cellular integrity, and regulate hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes[4].
  • Scientific Evidence: Experimental studies demonstrate that administration of plant extracts significantly normalizes elevated liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and restores total protein and bilirubin levels following chemical-induced hepatic injury[4].

Hair Growth Promotion and Follicular Activation

Its classical title *Kesya* matches modern validations confirming its efficacy against alopecia and hair thinning.

  • Mechanism: Stimulates the transition of hair follicles from the resting phase (telogen) to the growth phase (anagen) by upregulating key signaling proteins like fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) and downregulating catagen-inducing proteins (FGF-5)[5].
  • Scientific Evidence: Animal studies show that topical and systemic application accelerates hair shaft regeneration, deepens hair follicles into the subcutaneous layer, and darkens dorsal skin tone more rapidly than standard controls[5].

Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Traditional local applications for wounds and skin problems are verified through pharmacological evaluations.

  • Mechanism: Scavenges free radicals, increases antioxidant enzymes in granulation tissue, and enhances collagen cross-linking and wound tensile strength[6].
  • Scientific Evidence: Research indicates that topical ointments formulated with leaf extracts significantly shorten the epithelialization period and accelerate wound contraction and closure[6].

Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage

  • Acute Toxicity: Eclipta prostrata displays a high safety margin, with extracts found safe up to maximum tested thresholds without adverse mortality[1].
  • Precautions: Use under appropriate guidance if managing chronic conditions or concurrent conventional treatments.
  • Standard Therapeutic Dosage:
    • Fresh Leaf Juice (Swarasa): 3–6 ml daily[1].
    • Medicated Oils / Decoctions: As directed by an Ayurveda physician[1].

Summary of Therapeutic Profile

Therapeutic Applications of Eclipta prostrata
Indication Active Biomolecules Primary Pharmacological Action
Liver Disorders / Yakrutaroga Wedelolactone, Demethylwedelolactone Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant
Hair Loss / Alopecia Apigenin, Luteolin, Flavonoids Anagen induction, Follicular stimulation
Wounds & Skin Ailments / Vrana Tannins, Ascorbic acid, Phenolics Pro-healing, Free radical scavenger

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2: 10.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, verse no. 239, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed. 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Shatavhadi Varga.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Wagner, H.; B.; Y.; H. (1986). "Coumestans as the main active principles of the liver-drugging drugs Eclipta alba and Wedelia calendulacea". Planta Medica. 52 (5): 370–374. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Thakur; R. K., M.; Dixit, V. K. (2008). "Hair growth promoting activity of Eclipta alba in male albino rats". Archives of Dermatological Research. 300 (7): 357–364.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ref5" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taranalli, A. D.; Koppad, A. S.; Bharath, S. (2004). "Wound healing activity of Eclipta prostrata leaves extract in rats". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 66 (5): 618–622. 

Herbs

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