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Punica granatum L.
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita
|titlemode=append
|keywords= *Dadima, Punica granatum L., Pomegranate, Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
|description= Dadima (Punica granatum L.) is widely used in Ayurveda for digestive, cardiovascular, and metabolic health. It acts as a carminative, heart-healthy tonic, and balances tridoshas depending on its variety.
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=charak samhita
|type=article
}}


{{Infobox
{{Infobox
Line 6: Line 14:
|data1 = Herb database/Dadima
|data1 = Herb database/Dadima
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Punica granatum L.
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate Punica granatum L.]
|label3 = Family
|label3 = Family
|data3 = Lytheraceae
|data3 = Lythraceae
|label4 = Availability
|label4 = Availability
|data4 = Available
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
|label6 = Year of publication  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 =  2024
|data6 =  2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|label8 = DOI  
|data8  = Awaited
|data8  = {{DoiWithLink}}
}}
}}
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate Punica granatum L.]''', popularly known as '''Dadima''' (Pomegranate), is a large deciduous shrub or small tree belonging to the family Lythraceae. It is highly revered in [[Ayurveda]] for its versatile culinary and therapeutic properties, acting as a profound heart-healthy tonic (*hridya*) and digestive aid.


==English name ==  
==English name ==  
Pomegranate
Pomegranate


==Therapeutic uses==
==Therapeutic uses==
* '''Sweet fruit (swadu):''' Beneficial in burning sensations (*daha*), excessive thirst (*trishna*), fever (*jwara*), enhancing reproductive constituents (*shukrala*), light to digest (*laghu*), and reduces bad mouth odour (*mukhagandhaghna*).
* '''Sweet and sour fruit (swaduamla):''' Beneficial for stimulating digestion (*dipana*), improving taste (*ruchya*), and slightly elevates pitta dosha.
* '''Sour fruit (amla):''' Aggravates pitta dosha and alleviates vata and kapha dosha.


* Sweet fruit (swadu) is beneficial in burning sensations (daha), excessive thirst (trishna), fever (jwara), enhancing reproductive constituents (shukrala), light to digest (laghu), reduces bad mouth odour (mukhagandhaghna)
* Sweet and sour fruit (swaduamla) is beneficial for stimulating digestion (dipana), improving taste (ruchya), slightly elevates pitta dosha
* Sour fruit aggravates pitta dosha and alleviates vata and kapha dosha 
==Identification characters==
==Identification characters==
It is a large deciduous shrub or small tree with shining, oblanceolate glabrous leaves, red-colored flowers with 5–7 petals, and a globose fruit.<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 2001; Volume III: 45-46.</ref>


It is large deciduous shrub/small tree. Having shiner, oblanceolate glabrous leaves. Red coloured flowers with 5-7 petals and globose fruit.
[[File:Punica_granatum.jpg|thumb|Dadima (Punica granatum)]]
 
 


== Botanical Profile & Traditional Context ==
In traditional Ayurvedic texts, Dadima is classified into three types based on taste: sweet (*swadu*), sweet-sour (*swaduamla*), and sour (*amla*). It plays a crucial role in dietary prescriptions (*Pathya*) and complex formulations due to its ability to pacify Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas depending on its specific variety.<ref name="ref2">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Haritakyadi Varga, Verse no. 35-38, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015.</ref>


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
Dadima, Karaka, Dantabija, Lohitapushpaka


Dadima, Karaka, Dantabija, Lohitapushpaka.
==Additional Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==
* '''Dadima:''' Useful in many conditions.<ref name="ref2"/>
* '''Dantabija:''' Seeds resemble teeth.<ref name="ref2"/>
* '''Lohitapushpaka:''' Flowers are red in color.<ref name="ref2"/>


==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==
==Types (Bheda)==
 
# Swadu (Sweet)<ref name="ref2"/>
Dadima, Karaka- useful in many conditions.
# Swaduamla (Sweet and sour)<ref name="ref2"/>
 
# Amla (Sour)<ref name="ref2"/>
Dantabija- seeds resembles teeth
 
Lohitapushpaka- flowers are red in color
 
==Bheda/ types==
# Swadu (sweet)
# Swaduamla (Sweet and sour)
# Amla (Sour)


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
Line 62: Line 67:
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Sweet (madhura), Astringent (kashaya), Sour (amla)
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Sweet (madhura), Astringent (kashaya), Sour (amla)<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Not too hot (anushna)
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Not too hot (anushna)<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Sweet (madhura)
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Sweet (madhura)<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Reduces [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]<ref name="ref2"/>
|-
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Reduces [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]
|}
|}


Line 80: Line 86:
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
|-
|-
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/19 || Pachani-GrahiyavaguCha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/19 || Pachani-Grahi yavagu
|-
|-
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(10) || Hridyamahakashay(group of herbs liked or tasty)
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(10) || Hridya mahakashaya (group of heart-healthy herbs)
|-
|-
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(28)|| Chhardinigrahanamahakashay(group of herbs for anti emetic therapy)
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(28) || Chhardinigrahana mahakashaya (group of herbs for anti-emetic therapy)
|-
|-
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(40)|| Shramaharmahakashaya(group of herbs for fatigue)
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(40) || Shramahara mahakashaya (group of herbs for fatigue)
|-
|-
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 13/84  
| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 13/84 || Alternative recipes for persons averse to lipids
| Alternative recipes for persons averse to lipids
|-
|-
|6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/38  
| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 23/38 || Madyavikatnut Mantha
| Madyavikatnut Mantha
|-
|-
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/4  
| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/4 || Natural qualities
| Natural qualities.
|-
|-
| 8 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/150  
| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/150 || Phala Varga (group of all fruits)
| Phala Varga(group of all fruits)
|-
|-
|9
| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/256 || Krutanna Varga (group of edibles)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/256
|Krutanna Varga(group of edibles)
|-
|-
|10
| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/84 || Viruddha ahara (incompatible food articles)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/84
|Viruddha ahar(group of incompatible food articles)
|-
|-
|11
| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/136 || Virechana dravyani (group of laxatives)
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/136
|Virechana Dravyani(group of laxatives)
|-
|-
|12
| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/140 || Amla Skandha (group of sour substances)
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/140
|Amla Skandha(group of sour substances)
|-
|-
|13
| 13 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/30 || Preparations of Trivrut Avaleha
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/30
|Preparations of Trivrit Avaleha
|-
|-
|14
| 14 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/54 || Trivrritadi Modaka
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/54
|Trivrritadi Modaka
|-
|-
|15
| 15 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/75 || Virechana Prayoga (used for therapeutic purgation)
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/75
|Virechana Prayoga(used for therapeutic purgation)
|-
|-
|16
| 16 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/07 || Saptala Shankhini Yoga
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 11/07
|Saptala Shankhini Yoga
|-
|-
|17
| 17 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/4/12 || Ingredient in Vrushya mamsa gutika
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/4/12
|Ingredient in Vrushya mamsa Gutika
|-
|-
|18
| 18 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/4/15 || Ingredient in Vrushya mahish rasa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/4/15
|Ingredient in Vrushya Mahish Rasa
|-
|-
|19
| 19 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/36 || As pathya ahara (group of wholesome food articles)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/36
|As pathya ahara..( group of wholesome food articles)
|-
|-
|20
| 20 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/180 || Given as peya for those desiring sour items
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/180
|Who has desire to eat sour given as peya.(thin gruel of rice)?
|-
|-
|21
| 21 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/35 || For Tarpana (instant nourishment)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/35
|For Tarpana(for instant nourishment)
|-
|-
|22
| 22 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/95 || As an ingredient of Satavaryadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/95  
|As an ingredient of Satavaryadi ghrita.
|-
|-
|23
| 23 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/100 || Used in Nasagata raktapitta
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/100
|Used in Nasagata raktapitta.
|-
|-
|24
| 24 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/68 || To increase effect of Trayushanaadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/68
|To increase effect of Trayushanaadi ghrit
|-
|-
|25
| 25 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69 || Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69
|Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya ghrit
|-
|-
|26
| 26 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/72 || Ingredient of Hapushadya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/72
|Ingredient of Hapushadya ghrit
|-
|-
|27
| 27 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/74 || Ingredient of Pippalyadya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/74
|Ingredient of Pippalyadya ghrit
|-
|-
|28
| 28 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/77 || As an anupana in Gulma (abdominal lump)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/77
|As an Anupan in Gulma(a type of lump)
|-
|-
|29
| 29 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/80 || Ingredient of Hingvadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/80
|Ingredient of Hingvadi churna
|-
|-
|30
| 30 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/85 || Used to reduce pain in Vataja gulma
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/85
|Used for reduce pain in Vataj  Gulma
|-
|-
|31
| 31 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/87 || Ingredient of Shatyadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/87
|Ingredient of Shatyadi Churna
|-
|-
|32
| 32 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/133 || As a diet in Pittaja gulma
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/133
|As a diet in Pittaj Gulma(a type of lump)
|-
|-
|33
| 33 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/142 || Ingredient of Dashamuli ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/142
|Ingredient of Dashamuli Ghrit
|-
|-
|34
| 34 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/166 || Pathya diet in gulma
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/166
|Pathya Diet in Gulma(a type of lump)
|-
|-
|35
| 35 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/36 || Ingredient in Kalyanak ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/36
|Ingredient in Kalyanak Ghrit
|-
|-
|36
| 36 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/42 || Ingredient in Mahakalyanak ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/42
|Ingredient in Mahakalyanak Ghrit
|-
|-
|37
| 37 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54 || Ingredient in Apara lasunadya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54
|Ingredient in Apara lasunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|38
| 38 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/85 || Ingredient in Saindhavadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/85
|Ingredient in Saindhavadi Churna
|-
|-
|39
| 39 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/88 || Ingredient in Shadav (preparations made of sweet, sour, and salty substances)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/88
|Ingredient in Shadav(preparations made of sweet, sour and salty substances)
|-
|-
|40
| 40 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55 || Ingredient in Chitrakadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
|Ingredient in Chitrakadi Ghrit
|-
|-
|41
| 41 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/130 || Used as anupana in arsha roga with narayan churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/130
|Used as anupan in arsha(haemorrhoids) roga with narayan churna
|-
|-
|42
| 42 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/135 || As an anupana of hapushadya churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/135
|As an anupana of hapushdya churna
|-
|-
|43
| 43 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/99 || Used for Anulomana (proper elimination of flatus and feces)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/99
|Used for Anulomana(evacuation of the flatus/ proper elimination of flatus, feces, urine etc. )
|-
|-
|44
| 44 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/106 || Removes vata and vibandha (constipation)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/106
|Removes vata and vibandha(Constipation)
|-
|-
|45
| 45 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/125 || Dadima swarasa is mixed with shaka
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/125
|Dadima swarasa is mixed with shaka
|-
|-
|46
| 46 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/186 || Kwath is used for raktastambhana (cessation of bleeding)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/186
|Kwath is used for raktastambhan(caseation of blood)
|-
|-
|47
| 47 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/197 || Used in rakta arsha (bleeding piles)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/197
|Used in rakta arsha(bleeding piles)
|-
|-
|48
| 48 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/200 || Sadhita laajapeya used in rakta arsha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/200
|Sadhita laajapeya used in rakta arsha(bleeding piles)
|-
|-
|49
| 49 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/89 || As an ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
|
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/89
|As an ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
|-
|-
|50
| 50 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/97 || Bhavana dravya of citrakadhya gutika
|
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/97
|Bhavnadravya  of citrakadhya gutika
|-
|-
|51
| 51 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/44 || As an ingredient of Dadimadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/44
|As an ingredient of Dadimadi Ghrit
|-
|-
|52
| 52 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/90 || As an anupana of Shilajatu vataka
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/90
|As an Anupana of Shilajatu Vataka
|-
|-
|53
| 53 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/63 || As an ingredient of saindhavadi yoga
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/63
|As an ingredient of saindhavadi yoga.
|-
|-
|54
| 54 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/126 || As an ingredient of kantakari ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/126
|As an ingredient of kantakari ghrita.
|-
|-
|55
| 55 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/28 || As an ingredient of dipaniya and sangrahi gana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/28
|As a Ingridient of dipaniya and sangrahi gana
|-
|-
|56
| 56 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/33 || Used as a siddhi dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/33
|Use as a siddhi dravya
|-
|-
|57
| 57 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/40 || As a yoga dravya in treatment of purishakshaya
|
Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/40
|
As a yoga dravya in treatment of purishakshaya.
|-
|-
|58
| 58 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/44 || As an ingredient of chavyadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/44
|As an ingredient of chavyadi ghrita.
|-
|-
|59
| 59 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54 || As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaja atisara
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54
|As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaj atisara.
|-
|-
|60
| 60 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/74 || As a prakshepa dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/74
|As a prakshep dravya
 
|-
|-
|61
| 61 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/24 || Ghritapana in Vataja chhardi
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/24
|Ghritapana in Vataja chhardi.
|-
|-
|62
| 62 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35 || As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35
|As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi.
|-
|-
|63
| 63 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/109 || As a pathya ahara
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/109
|As a pathya ahara.
|-
|-
|64
| 64 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/111 || As a pathya ahara
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/111
|As a pathya ahara.
|-
|-
|65
| 65 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/112 || Dadima rasa siddha mamsarasa is used
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/112
|Dadima rasa siddha mamsarasa is used.
|-
|-
|66
| 66 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/126 || As an ingredient of mulakadi lepa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/126
|As an ingredient of mulakadi lepa.
|-
|-
|67
| 67 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/36 || For lepa prayoga (local application)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/36
|For lepa prayoga.(for local application).
|-
|-
|68
| 68 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/49 || Used in treatment of kaphanubandha trushna (thirst)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/49
|Used in treatment of Kaphanubandha trushna.(Excessive thirst).
|-
|-
|69
| 69 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/226 || As a pathya ahara (palatable food)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/226
|As a pathya ahara.(palatable food).
|-
|-
|70
| 70 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/121 || Used as swarasa mixed with lavana and sneha in Vataja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/121
|Used as swarasa mixed with lavana & sneha in Vataja madatyaya.
|-
|-
|71
| 71 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/127 || Used as swarasa in Vataja madatyaya (alcohol intoxication)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/127
|Used as swarasa in Vataja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|72
| 72 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/128 || Used as anupana in Vataja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/128
|Used as anupana in Vataja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|73
| 73 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/136 || Used as swarasa in pittaja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/136
|Used as swarasa in pittaja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|74
| 74 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/139 || Used as yoosha in pittaja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/139
|Used as yoosha in pittaja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|75
| 75 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/151 || Used in mukha-lepa in pittaja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/151
|Used in mukha-lepa(local application over face)  in pittaja madatyaya.(alcohol intoxication)
|-
|-
|76
| 76 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/180 || Used as raga in kaphaja madatyaya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/180
|Used as raga in kaphaja madatyaya.
|-
|-
|77
| 77 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/217 || Used in Kavala in arochaka (tastelessness)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/217
|Used in Kavala in Arochaka.(tastelessness)  
|-
|-
|78
| 78 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/219 || As an ingredient of Arochakanashaka vati
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/219
|As an ingredient of Arochakanashaka vati.
|-
|-
|79
| 79 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/132 || As an ingredient of Triphaladi maha sneha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/132
|As an ingredient of Triphaladi maha sneha.
|-
|-
|80
| 80 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/79 || As an ingredient of Dhatakyadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/79
|As an ingredient of Dhatakyadi taila.
|-
|-
|}
|}


==DOSE==
==Dose==
*5 to 10 g. of the drug in powder form.
* 5 to 10 g of the drug in powder form or fresh juice as required.<ref name="ref1"/>


==IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS==
==Important Formulations==
# Dadimastaka Churna
* Dadimastaka Churna
# Dadima ghrita
* Dadima Ghrita
# Dadhika Ghrit
* Dadhika Ghrita
# Bhaskara Lavana
* Bhaskara Lavana
# Shukramatruka Vati
* Shukramatruka Vati


 
== Current availability==  
== Current availability==  
Available
* '''In India –''' Found growing wild in the valley and outer hills of the Himalayas between 900–1800 m, and cultivated widely across many parts of the country.<ref name="ref1"/>
* '''Out of India –''' Central Asia, the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, California, Arizona, and South Asia.<ref name="ref1"/>


Available
== Phytochemical Composition ==
It is found growing wild in the valley, outer hills of the Himalayas between 900- 1800 m and cultivated in many parts of the country.  
Pomegranate plant parts (including fruit, seeds, peel, and leaves) contain a rich profile of bioactive secondary metabolites:
It is found in Central Asia, the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. It grows well in California and Arizona and in South Asia, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.  
* '''Hydrolyzable Tannins:''' Punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid.<ref name="ref3">{{cite journal |last1=Jurenka |first1=J. S. |year=2008 |title=Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review |journal=Alternative Medicine Review |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=128–144}}</ref>
* '''Flavonoids & Anthocyanins:''' Delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin glycosides responsible for its deep red coloration.<ref name="ref3"/>
* '''Other Constituents:''' Alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, and essential sterols.<ref name="ref3"/>


== Current researches ==
== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy ==
=== Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection ===
Dadima is universally praised for its cardiotonic (*hridya*) properties, matching its extensive use in modern clinical studies.
* '''Mechanism:''' High concentrations of punicalagins and ellagic acid act as potent antioxidants that inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, improve endothelial function, and support healthy blood pressure levels.<ref name="ref4">{{cite journal |last1=Aviram |first1=M. |last2=Dornfeld |first2=L. |last3=Rosenblat |first3=M. |year=2000 |title=Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic mice |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=1062–1076}}</ref>
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Clinical trials indicate that regular pomegranate supplementation significantly reduces systolic blood pressure, ameliorates hyperlipidemia, and provides protective benefits against metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease.<ref name="ref4"/>


==Dadima in diet recipes==
=== Gastrointestinal and Anti-Diarrheal Efficacy ===
Traditional references emphasize its wide application in *Atisara* (diarrhoea) and digestive dysfunctions.
* '''Mechanism:''' The astringent tannins precipitate proteins in the intestinal mucosa, reducing excessive fluid secretion and tightening intestinal walls.<ref name="ref5">{{cite journal |last1=Qnais |first1=E. S. |last2=Elhaj |first2=H. A. |last3=Abu-Dieyeh |first3=Z. H. |last4=Abdalla |first4=S. S. |year=2007 |title=Antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=715–720}}</ref>
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Literature notes over 100 traditional formulations utilizing Dadima for diarrheal conditions, supported by its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties within the gut.<ref name="ref5"/>


A research article describes 103 total formulations (102 internal+ 1 external application) of dadima indicated in 31 disease conditions, mostly in diarrhoea (atisara). It is also recommended as vehicle (anupana  dravya) with 44 formulations in 21 disease conditions. The only contraindication of dadima is during the medication of Khandakadya Lauha in the case of raktapitta
=== Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Actions ===
Modern phytochemical evaluations highlight the extensive healing properties of pomegranate extracts.
* '''Mechanism:''' Bioactive polyphenols downregulate pro-inflammatory transcription factors (such as NF-$\kappa$B) and suppress oxidative stress pathways.<ref name="ref6">{{cite journal |last1=Lansky |first1=E. P. |last2=Newman |first2=R. A. |year=2007 |title=Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=177–206}}</ref>
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Research reports inhibitory effects of pomegranate extracts on various cancer cell proliferation lines, alongside strong multi-organ protective responses against oxidative damage.<ref name="ref6"/>


==Review of clinical trials on therapeutic use of dadima==
== Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage ==
* '''Acute Toxicity:''' Dadima is exceptionally safe for daily nutritional and therapeutic use.<ref name="ref3"/>
* '''Precautions:''' The only classical contraindication noted in Ayurvedic literature is its avoidance during specific treatments like Khandakadya Lauha administration in *raktapitta* conditions.
* '''Standard Therapeutic Dosage:'''
** ''Fruit Juice / Fresh Arils:'' As desired or 30–50 ml.<ref name="ref1"/>
** ''Powder (Churna):'' 5–10 g daily.<ref name="ref1"/>


This article deals with major pharmacological effects of pomegranate reported in randomized clinical trials pertain to diabetes (endocrinopathies), cardiovascular disease (e.g., hyper lipidaemia and hypertension), oral cavity disorders, endocrine disorders, and cancer. Dadima have preventive roles on obesity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease (due to its potent antioxidant properties).
== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
==Formulations of dadima==
|+ Therapeutic Applications of ''Punica granatum''
 
! Indication
This article compiles of chemical constituents present in leaf of Punica granatum as like Flavanoid, Phenol, Saponin, Tannin, Steroids, Terpenoids, Anthraquinone with its various medicinal effects.
! Active Biomolecules
 
! Primary Pharmacological Action
==Phytochemical evaluation==
|-
 
| '''Cardiovascular Health / Hridroga'''
The research articles cover the botanical properties, phytochemical composition, and diverse remedial applications of pomegranate, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and dermatological properties. ,
| Punicalagin, Ellagic acid
| Antioxidant, Anti-atherogenic, Vasoprotective
|-
| '''Diarrhoea / Atisara'''
| Tannins, Polyphenols
| Astringent, Antimicrobial, Intestinal binder
|-
| '''Metabolic Syndrome & Obesity'''
| Anthocyanins, Flavonoids
| Lipid-lowering, Anti-inflammatory
|}


== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 2001; Volume III: 45-46.</ref>
<ref name="ref2">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Haritakyadi Varga, Verse no. 35-38, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015.</ref>
<ref name="ref3">{{cite journal |last1=Jurenka |first1=J. S. |year=2008 |title=Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review |journal=Alternative Medicine Review |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=128–144}}</ref>
<ref name="ref4">{{cite journal |last1=Aviram |first1=M. |last2=Dornfeld |first2=L. |last3=Rosenblat |first3=M. |year=2000 |title=Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic mice |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=1062–1076}}</ref>
<ref name="ref5">{{cite journal |last1=Qnais |first1=E. S. |last2=Elhaj |first2=H. A. |last3=Abu-Dieyeh |first3=Z. H. |last4=Abdalla |first4=S. S. |year=2007 |title=Antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=715–720}}</ref>
<ref name="ref6">{{cite journal |last1=Lansky |first1=E. P. |last2=Newman |first2=R. A. |year=2007 |title=Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=177–206}}</ref>
}}


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Dadima
Section/Chapter Herb database/Dadima
Botanical name(s) Punica granatum L.
Family Lythraceae
Availability Available
Contributors Team Dravyaguna
Year of publication 2026
DOI --

Punica granatum L., popularly known as Dadima (Pomegranate), is a large deciduous shrub or small tree belonging to the family Lythraceae. It is highly revered in Ayurveda for its versatile culinary and therapeutic properties, acting as a profound heart-healthy tonic (*hridya*) and digestive aid.

English name

Pomegranate

Therapeutic uses

  • Sweet fruit (swadu): Beneficial in burning sensations (*daha*), excessive thirst (*trishna*), fever (*jwara*), enhancing reproductive constituents (*shukrala*), light to digest (*laghu*), and reduces bad mouth odour (*mukhagandhaghna*).
  • Sweet and sour fruit (swaduamla): Beneficial for stimulating digestion (*dipana*), improving taste (*ruchya*), and slightly elevates pitta dosha.
  • Sour fruit (amla): Aggravates pitta dosha and alleviates vata and kapha dosha.

Identification characters

It is a large deciduous shrub or small tree with shining, oblanceolate glabrous leaves, red-colored flowers with 5–7 petals, and a globose fruit.[1]

Dadima (Punica granatum)

Botanical Profile & Traditional Context

In traditional Ayurvedic texts, Dadima is classified into three types based on taste: sweet (*swadu*), sweet-sour (*swaduamla*), and sour (*amla*). It plays a crucial role in dietary prescriptions (*Pathya*) and complex formulations due to its ability to pacify Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas depending on its specific variety.[2]

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Dadima, Karaka, Dantabija, Lohitapushpaka

Additional Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu

  • Dadima: Useful in many conditions.[2]
  • Dantabija: Seeds resemble teeth.[2]
  • Lohitapushpaka: Flowers are red in color.[2]

Types (Bheda)

  1. Swadu (Sweet)[2]
  2. Swaduamla (Sweet and sour)[2]
  3. Amla (Sour)[2]

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Properties
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Sweet (madhura), Astringent (kashaya), Sour (amla)[2]
2 Potency (veerya) Not too hot (anushna)[2]
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Sweet (madhura)[2]
4 Qualities (guna) Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)[2]
5 Actions (karma) Reduces vata, pitta and kapha[2]

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/19 Pachani-Grahi yavagu
2 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(10) Hridya mahakashaya (group of heart-healthy herbs)
3 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(28) Chhardinigrahana mahakashaya (group of herbs for anti-emetic therapy)
4 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(40) Shramahara mahakashaya (group of herbs for fatigue)
5 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 13/84 Alternative recipes for persons averse to lipids
6 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 23/38 Madyavikatnut Mantha
7 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/4 Natural qualities
8 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/150 Phala Varga (group of all fruits)
9 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/256 Krutanna Varga (group of edibles)
10 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 26/84 Viruddha ahara (incompatible food articles)
11 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/136 Virechana dravyani (group of laxatives)
12 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/140 Amla Skandha (group of sour substances)
13 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 7/30 Preparations of Trivrut Avaleha
14 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 7/54 Trivrritadi Modaka
15 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 7/75 Virechana Prayoga (used for therapeutic purgation)
16 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 11/07 Saptala Shankhini Yoga
17 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/4/12 Ingredient in Vrushya mamsa gutika
18 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/4/15 Ingredient in Vrushya mahish rasa
19 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 4/36 As pathya ahara (group of wholesome food articles)
20 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/180 Given as peya for those desiring sour items
21 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 4/35 For Tarpana (instant nourishment)
22 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 4/95 As an ingredient of Satavaryadi ghrita
23 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 4/100 Used in Nasagata raktapitta
24 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/68 To increase effect of Trayushanaadi ghrita
25 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/69 Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya ghrita
26 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/72 Ingredient of Hapushadya ghrita
27 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/74 Ingredient of Pippalyadya ghrita
28 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/77 As an anupana in Gulma (abdominal lump)
29 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/80 Ingredient of Hingvadi churna
30 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/85 Used to reduce pain in Vataja gulma
31 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/87 Ingredient of Shatyadi churna
32 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/133 As a diet in Pittaja gulma
33 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/142 Ingredient of Dashamuli ghrita
34 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/166 Pathya diet in gulma
35 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/36 Ingredient in Kalyanak ghrita
36 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/42 Ingredient in Mahakalyanak ghrita
37 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/54 Ingredient in Apara lasunadya ghrita
38 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 11/85 Ingredient in Saindhavadi churna
39 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 11/88 Ingredient in Shadav (preparations made of sweet, sour, and salty substances)
40 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/55 Ingredient in Chitrakadi ghrita
41 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/130 Used as anupana in arsha roga with narayan churna
42 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/135 As an anupana of hapushadya churna
43 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/99 Used for Anulomana (proper elimination of flatus and feces)
44 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/106 Removes vata and vibandha (constipation)
45 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/125 Dadima swarasa is mixed with shaka
46 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/186 Kwath is used for raktastambhana (cessation of bleeding)
47 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/197 Used in rakta arsha (bleeding piles)
48 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/200 Sadhita laajapeya used in rakta arsha
49 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/89 As an ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
50 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/97 Bhavana dravya of citrakadhya gutika
51 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/44 As an ingredient of Dadimadi ghrita
52 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/90 As an anupana of Shilajatu vataka
53 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/63 As an ingredient of saindhavadi yoga
54 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/126 As an ingredient of kantakari ghrita
55 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/28 As an ingredient of dipaniya and sangrahi gana
56 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/33 Used as a siddhi dravya
57 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/40 As a yoga dravya in treatment of purishakshaya
58 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/44 As an ingredient of chavyadi ghrita
59 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/54 As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaja atisara
60 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/74 As a prakshepa dravya
61 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/24 Ghritapana in Vataja chhardi
62 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/35 As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi
63 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 21/109 As a pathya ahara
64 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 21/111 As a pathya ahara
65 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 21/112 Dadima rasa siddha mamsarasa is used
66 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 21/126 As an ingredient of mulakadi lepa
67 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 22/36 For lepa prayoga (local application)
68 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 22/49 Used in treatment of kaphanubandha trushna (thirst)
69 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/226 As a pathya ahara (palatable food)
70 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/121 Used as swarasa mixed with lavana and sneha in Vataja madatyaya
71 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/127 Used as swarasa in Vataja madatyaya (alcohol intoxication)
72 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/128 Used as anupana in Vataja madatyaya
73 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/136 Used as swarasa in pittaja madatyaya
74 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/139 Used as yoosha in pittaja madatyaya
75 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/151 Used in mukha-lepa in pittaja madatyaya
76 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/180 Used as raga in kaphaja madatyaya
77 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/217 Used in Kavala in arochaka (tastelessness)
78 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/219 As an ingredient of Arochakanashaka vati
79 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/132 As an ingredient of Triphaladi maha sneha
80 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/79 As an ingredient of Dhatakyadi taila

Dose

  • 5 to 10 g of the drug in powder form or fresh juice as required.[1]

Important Formulations

  • Dadimastaka Churna
  • Dadima Ghrita
  • Dadhika Ghrita
  • Bhaskara Lavana
  • Shukramatruka Vati

Current availability

Available

  • In India – Found growing wild in the valley and outer hills of the Himalayas between 900–1800 m, and cultivated widely across many parts of the country.[1]
  • Out of India – Central Asia, the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, California, Arizona, and South Asia.[1]

Phytochemical Composition

Pomegranate plant parts (including fruit, seeds, peel, and leaves) contain a rich profile of bioactive secondary metabolites:

  • Hydrolyzable Tannins: Punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid.[3]
  • Flavonoids & Anthocyanins: Delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin glycosides responsible for its deep red coloration.[3]
  • Other Constituents: Alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, and essential sterols.[3]

Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection

Dadima is universally praised for its cardiotonic (*hridya*) properties, matching its extensive use in modern clinical studies.

  • Mechanism: High concentrations of punicalagins and ellagic acid act as potent antioxidants that inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, improve endothelial function, and support healthy blood pressure levels.[4]
  • Scientific Evidence: Clinical trials indicate that regular pomegranate supplementation significantly reduces systolic blood pressure, ameliorates hyperlipidemia, and provides protective benefits against metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease.[4]

Gastrointestinal and Anti-Diarrheal Efficacy

Traditional references emphasize its wide application in *Atisara* (diarrhoea) and digestive dysfunctions.

  • Mechanism: The astringent tannins precipitate proteins in the intestinal mucosa, reducing excessive fluid secretion and tightening intestinal walls.[5]
  • Scientific Evidence: Literature notes over 100 traditional formulations utilizing Dadima for diarrheal conditions, supported by its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties within the gut.[5]

Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Actions

Modern phytochemical evaluations highlight the extensive healing properties of pomegranate extracts.

  • Mechanism: Bioactive polyphenols downregulate pro-inflammatory transcription factors (such as NF-$\kappa$B) and suppress oxidative stress pathways.[6]
  • Scientific Evidence: Research reports inhibitory effects of pomegranate extracts on various cancer cell proliferation lines, alongside strong multi-organ protective responses against oxidative damage.[6]

Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage

  • Acute Toxicity: Dadima is exceptionally safe for daily nutritional and therapeutic use.[3]
  • Precautions: The only classical contraindication noted in Ayurvedic literature is its avoidance during specific treatments like Khandakadya Lauha administration in *raktapitta* conditions.
  • Standard Therapeutic Dosage:
    • Fruit Juice / Fresh Arils: As desired or 30–50 ml.[1]
    • Powder (Churna): 5–10 g daily.[1]

Summary of Therapeutic Profile

Therapeutic Applications of Punica granatum
Indication Active Biomolecules Primary Pharmacological Action
Cardiovascular Health / Hridroga Punicalagin, Ellagic acid Antioxidant, Anti-atherogenic, Vasoprotective
Diarrhoea / Atisara Tannins, Polyphenols Astringent, Antimicrobial, Intestinal binder
Metabolic Syndrome & Obesity Anthocyanins, Flavonoids Lipid-lowering, Anti-inflammatory

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 2001; Volume III: 45-46.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Haritakyadi Varga, Verse no. 35-38, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Jurenka, J. S. (2008). "Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review". Alternative Medicine Review. 13 (2): 128–144. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Aviram, M.; Dornfeld, L.; Rosenblat, M. (2000). "Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic mice". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 71 (5): 1062–1076. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Qnais, E. S.; Elhaj, H. A.; Abu-Dieyeh, Z. H.; Abdalla, S. S. (2007). "Antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels". Pharmaceutical Biology. 45 (9): 715–720. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lansky, E. P.; Newman, R. A. (2007). "Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 109 (2): 177–206. 

Herbs

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