Nyaya: Difference between revisions
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<p style="text-align:justify;">According to Sanskrit grammar (Vyakarana Shastra), Nyaya is defined as a way of going towards the real meaning. "Nyaya" word is derived from the combination of 'Ni' Upasarga +'in' Dhatu +('घय्') suffix (pratyaya) in various Sanskrit dictionaries; "Nyaya" word has been defined in various definitions and synonyms. These definitions are mentioned below:</p> | <p style="text-align:justify;">According to Sanskrit grammar (Vyakarana Shastra), Nyaya is defined as a way of going towards the real meaning. "Nyaya" word is derived from the combination of 'Ni' Upasarga +'in' Dhatu +('घय्') suffix (pratyaya) in various Sanskrit dictionaries; "Nyaya" word has been defined in various definitions and synonyms. These definitions are mentioned below:</p> | ||
=== Definitions | === Definitions === | ||
<ol><li>Niyamena iyate iti (नियमेन इयते इति न्यायः।)-Nyaya is that which has rules.[Shabdakalpadruma]<ref name="ref1">Rajaradhakanta Dev, Shabdakalpadrumam Vol 2, edited by Vasu HC, 2nd ed. Delhi: Nag Publishers;2003;933.</ref>, [Halayudhakosha]<ref name="ref2">Jayshanker Shastri, Halayudhakosha (A Sanskrit Dictionary), Reprint ed. Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Hindi Samsthan;1993;403.</ref></li> | <ol><li>Niyamena iyate iti (नियमेन इयते इति न्यायः।)-Nyaya is that which has rules.[Shabdakalpadruma]<ref name="ref1">Rajaradhakanta Dev, Shabdakalpadrumam Vol 2, edited by Vasu HC, 2nd ed. Delhi: Nag Publishers;2003;933.</ref>, [Halayudhakosha]<ref name="ref2">Jayshanker Shastri, Halayudhakosha (A Sanskrit Dictionary), Reprint ed. Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Hindi Samsthan;1993;403.</ref></li> | ||
<li>Niyante prapyante vivakshitartha yen iti (नीयन्ते प्राप्यन्ते विवक्षितार्थाः येनेति न्यायः ।)- Nyaya is that by which the defined meanings are provided and attained. [Shabdakalpadruma]<ref name="ref3">Rajaradhakanta Dev, Shabdakalpadrumam Vol 2, edited by Vasu HC, 2nd ed. Delhi: Nag Publishers;2003;933.</ref></li> | <li>Niyante prapyante vivakshitartha yen iti (नीयन्ते प्राप्यन्ते विवक्षितार्थाः येनेति न्यायः ।)- Nyaya is that by which the defined meanings are provided and attained. [Shabdakalpadruma]<ref name="ref3">Rajaradhakanta Dev, Shabdakalpadrumam Vol 2, edited by Vasu HC, 2nd ed. Delhi: Nag Publishers;2003;933.</ref></li> | ||
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<li>Nishchitamiyate nirnayate anena iti nyaya (निश्चितमीयते निर्णयते अनेन इति न्यायः । )- the nyaya is that which is determined and decided by something [Vachaspatyam]<ref name="ref7">Trakavachaspati T. Vachaspatyam (A Comprehensive Sanskrit Dictionary) Vol. – V. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office;2003;4155- 4171.</ref></li></ol> | <li>Nishchitamiyate nirnayate anena iti nyaya (निश्चितमीयते निर्णयते अनेन इति न्यायः । )- the nyaya is that which is determined and decided by something [Vachaspatyam]<ref name="ref7">Trakavachaspati T. Vachaspatyam (A Comprehensive Sanskrit Dictionary) Vol. – V. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office;2003;4155- 4171.</ref></li></ol> | ||
=== Synonyms | === Synonyms === | ||
<p style="text-align:justify;">Naya, neeta, neetisadhane, upaye, satayanjane, nirnaya, jayajaya mukti, jayopayamukti, bhoga, neeti</p> | <p style="text-align:justify;">Naya, neeta, neetisadhane, upaye, satayanjane, nirnaya, jayajaya mukti, jayopayamukti, bhoga, neeti</p> | ||
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|style="text-align:center;"|13. | |style="text-align:center;"|13. | ||
|Bhuyovirodheswalpamanyayam | |Bhuyovirodheswalpamanyayam | ||
|Chakrapani commentary on Cha. Sa. | |Chakrapani commentary on Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 14/16-19, | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|1 | |style="text-align:center;"|1 | ||
|A list of contraindicated patients & diseases is stated using this nyaya. | |A list of contraindicated patients & diseases is stated using this nyaya. | ||
| Line 308: | Line 308: | ||
Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 6/51, and Cha. Sa Nidana Sthana 8/43-44, Cha. Sha. 1/28, Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/8, Cha. Chi. 15/15, | Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 6/51, and Cha. Sa Nidana Sthana 8/43-44, Cha. Sha. 1/28, Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/8, Cha. Chi. 15/15, | ||
Gangadhara Roy commentary on Cha. Sa. | Gangadhara Roy commentary on Cha. Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/8, | ||
Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/3, | Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/3, | ||
Dalhana commentary on Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 16/10, Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 6/20, Su. | Dalhana commentary on Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 16/10, Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 6/20, Su. Uttar tantra. 52/6, Gayadasa commentary on Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 13/1, Su. Sa Uttara Tantra. 39/182-184, | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|13 | |style="text-align:center;"|13 | ||
|This nyaya is more elaborate at each place. The exact definition itself explains the whole about it. | |This nyaya is more elaborate at each place. The exact definition itself explains the whole about it. | ||
| Line 360: | Line 360: | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|22. | |style="text-align:center;"|22. | ||
|Durgruhita-Sugruhita Nyaya | |Durgruhita-Sugruhita Nyaya | ||
|Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/49 | |Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/49 | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|1 | |style="text-align:center;"|1 | ||
|In the case of abudh/fool, ill-favored weapons & science become debilitating. Well-armed weapons & knowledge protect the wise man. The commentators have mentioned the defects of bad knowledge & the merits of good knowledge. | |In the case of abudh/fool, ill-favored weapons & science become debilitating. Well-armed weapons & knowledge protect the wise man. The commentators have mentioned the defects of bad knowledge & the merits of good knowledge. | ||
| Line 668: | Line 668: | ||
|Gangadhara Roy | |Gangadhara Roy | ||
Commentary on Cha. Sa | Commentary on Cha. Sa Sutra Sthana 5/1, Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/87, | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|2 | |style="text-align:center;"|2 | ||
|Vimansthan 8/87 states about the karan i.e. medicine given to the patient according to the cause of disease. | |Vimansthan 8/87 states about the karan i.e. medicine given to the patient according to the cause of disease. | ||
| Line 680: | Line 680: | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|63. | |style="text-align:center;"|63. | ||
|Tailapatradhara AWaya | |Tailapatradhara AWaya | ||
| | |Cha. Sa. Sharira Sthana 8/22, | ||
Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/3-5, | |||
Su. Sa | Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 39/24, | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|3 | |style="text-align:center;"|3 | ||
|In sharir sthan, acharya charak explains the preventive measures for pregnant women compared with oil-filled vessels. | |In sharir sthan, acharya charak explains the preventive measures for pregnant women compared with oil-filled vessels. | ||
| Line 690: | Line 690: | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|64. | |style="text-align:center;"|64. | ||
|Takra-kaindinya Nyaya | |Takra-kaindinya Nyaya | ||
|Hemadri commentary on A. H. | |Hemadri commentary on A. H. Sutra Sthana 4/5-6, | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|1 | |style="text-align:center;"|1 | ||
|Mala veg dharan chikitsa is explained using this Nyaya. | |Mala veg dharan chikitsa is explained using this Nyaya. | ||
| Line 702: | Line 702: | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|66. | |style="text-align:center;"|66. | ||
|Trina Arani Mani AWaya | |Trina Arani Mani AWaya | ||
|Shivadas Sen commentary on Cha. Sa | |Shivadas Sen commentary on Cha. Sa Sutra Sthana 10/5, | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|1 | |style="text-align:center;"|1 | ||
|Treatment of curable diseases can be done properly only by one good physician. | |Treatment of curable diseases can be done properly only by one good physician. | ||
| Line 714: | Line 714: | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|68. | |style="text-align:center;"|68. | ||
|Utsarga-Apavada Nyaya | |Utsarga-Apavada Nyaya | ||
|Chakrapani commentary on Cha. Sa | |Chakrapani commentary on Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 27/309, | ||
Cha. Sa | Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 1/16, | ||
Cha. Sa | Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/134, | ||
Cha. Sa | Cha. Sa. Sharira Sthana 8/51, | ||
Cha. Sa | Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 1/3/55-58, | ||
Cha. Sa | Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/139-140, | ||
Cha. Sa | Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 5/29, | ||
Cha. Sa | Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 6/56, | ||
Cha. Sa | Cha. Sa Chikitsa Sthan 15/94-95, Cha. Sa Siddhi Sthana 2/24-28, Dalhana commentary on Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/5, Su. Sa Su. 45/6, Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 2/32-33, Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/5, Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 35/21, | ||
Arunadatta commentary on A. H. | Arunadatta commentary on A. H. Sutra Sthana 6/64, Hemadri commentary on | ||
A. H. Sutrasthan 10/35, | A. H. Sutrasthan 10/35, | ||
| Line 742: | Line 742: | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|69. | |style="text-align:center;"|69. | ||
|Utpala-Shatapatra- Vedhini Nyaya | |Utpala-Shatapatra- Vedhini Nyaya | ||
|Chakrapani commentary on Cha. Sa | |Chakrapani commentary on Cha. Sa Sutra Sthana 8/5, | ||
Dalhana commentary on Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 28/4-5 | |||
Arunadatta commentary on A. H. | Arunadatta commentary on A. H. Sharira Sthana 3/62-63 | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|3 | |style="text-align:center;"|3 | ||
|When a hundred lotus petals are stacked one on top of another & pierced with a sharp needle, it feels as if all the petals are pierced at once. The same thing is happening with a mind as it thinks of multiple things at once. | |When a hundred lotus petals are stacked one on top of another & pierced with a sharp needle, it feels as if all the petals are pierced at once. The same thing is happening with a mind as it thinks of multiple things at once. | ||
| Line 750: | Line 751: | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|70. | |style="text-align:center;"|70. | ||
|Visha-Krimi Nyaya | |Visha-Krimi Nyaya | ||
|Su. Sa | |Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/79 | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|1 | |style="text-align:center;"|1 | ||
|The human body consists of/ made with 5 natural components (bhumi, aksha, agni, aap, vayu). That is called panchbhautik sharir. The concept is explained using this Nyaya. | |The human body consists of/ made with 5 natural components (bhumi, aksha, agni, aap, vayu). That is called panchbhautik sharir. The concept is explained using this Nyaya. | ||