Charak Samhita

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Abutilon indicum L.
<noinclude>
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita - Herb Database
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Atibala, Abutilon indicum L., Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia
|description=Monograph on Atibala (Abutilon indicum L.): comprehensive botanical profile, classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics, therapeutic efficacy, and modern scientific research.
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=Atibala - Abutilon indicum
|type=article
}}
</noinclude>
 
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Atibala
|title = Atibala
Line 5: Line 16:
|data1 = Herb database/Atibala
|data1 = Herb database/Atibala
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Abutilon indicum L.
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutilon_indicum Abutilon indicum L.]
|label3 = Family
|label3 = Family
|data3 = Malvaceae
|data3 = Malvaceae
Line 11: Line 22:
|data4 = Available
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
|label6 = Year of publication  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 =  2025
|data6 =  2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|label8 = DOI  
|data8  = Awaited
|data8  = Awaited
}}
}}


== English name ==
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutilon_indicum Abutilon indicum L.]''', popularly known as '''Atibala''', is an annual or perennial shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions, widely distributed throughout India. In [[Ayurveda]], it is highly revered as a potent tonic (*Balya*), rejuvenative (*Rasayana*), and Vata-Pitta pacifying medicine.<ref name="API">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:13</ref>
--
 
==Therapeutic use<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :13</ref>==
== English Name ==
Raktapitta(bleeding disorder), Vatarakta(gout), meha
Indian mallow
 
== Therapeutic Use ==
Raktapitta (bleeding disorder), Vatarakta (gout), Meha (obstinate urinary disorders)<ref name="API" />


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita ==
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita ==
Atibala, Rishyaprokta(grows wild,so liked by sages and animal), Kankatika(Fruits are resembling a comb),Balika, Vatyapushpy(Flowers of atibala resemble flowers of bala), Bhuribala  
* Atibala
* Rishyaprokta &ndash; Grows wild, so liked by sages and animals.
* Kankatika &ndash; Fruits resemble a comb.
* Balika
* Vatyapushpa &ndash; Flowers of atibala resemble flowers of bala.
* Bhuribala


{| class="wikitable"
== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
According to classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics (''Rasa Panchaka''), Atibala has the following properties:<ref name="API" />
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
Properties
! Sr. No. !! Pharmacological Criteria !! Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes)
!Sr.no.  
!Pharmacological criteria
!Properties
|-
|-
|1
| 1 || Taste (''[[Rasa]]'') || Sweet (''Madhura'')
|Taste (rasa)
|Sweet (madhura)
|-
|-
|2
| 2 || Potency (''[[Veerya]]'') || Cold (''Sheeta'')
|Potency (veerya)
|Cold (sheeta)
|-
|-
|3
| 3 || Post-digestion Effect (''[[Vipaka]]'') || Sweet (''Madhura'')
|Post digestion effect (vipaka)
|Sweet (madhura)
|-
|-
|4
| 4 || Qualities (''[[Guna]]'') || Light (''Laghu''), Unctuous (''Snigdha''), Slimy (''Pichhila'')
|Qualities (guna)
|Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha), Slimy (pichhila)  
|-
|-
|5
| 5 || Dosha Action (''[[Karma]]'') || Pacifies Vata and Pitta
|Actions (karma)
|Pacify Vata and Pitta
|}
|}


== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its Actions ==
{| class="wikitable"
Atibala is prominently documented across multiple therapeutic chapters of the ''[[Charaka Samhita]]'':
|+
 
Herbs and their activities
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
!Sr.no.
! Sr. No. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity / Formulation / Therapeutic Use
!Reference in Charak Samhita
!Activity
|-
|-
|1
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(7) || Balya mahakashaya (group of tonics)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(7)
|Balya mahakashaya(tonics)
|-
|-
|2
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/139 || Madhur skanda (group of sweet drugs)
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/139
|Madhur skanda(group of sweet drug)
|-
|-
|3
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/24 || Garbhini paricharya (antenatal care)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/24
|Garbhini paricharya
|-
|-
|4
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/4 || In formulation of Amalaka ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/4
|In formulation of amalaka ghrita
|-
|-
|5
| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267 || As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267
|As an ingredient ofAgurvadi taila.
|-
|-
|6
| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/50 || As a yavagu (gruel) dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/50
|As a yavagu(gruel) dravya
|-
|-
|7
| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87 || As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87
|As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|8
| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/159 || As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/159
|As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila.
|-
|-
|9
| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/56 || As an ingredient of Baladi Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/56
|As an ingredient of Baladi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|10
| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/62 || As an ingredient of Jeevaniya Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/62
|As an ingredient of Jeevaniya Ghrita.
|-
|-
|11
| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/72 || As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/72
|As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha.
|-
|-
|12
| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/76 || As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/76
|As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila.
|}
|}


==Dose<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :13</ref>==
== Dose ==
* 3-6 gm of the drug in powder form
* '''Powder (''Churna''):''' 3 – 6 g daily.<ref name="API" />
==Important formulation<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :13</ref>==
 
== Important Formulations ==
As per A.P.I.<ref name="API" />
* Bala taila
* Bala taila
* Narayana taila
* Narayana taila
* Mahanarayana taila
* Mahanarayana taila


== Current Availability ==
Available
* '''In India:''' Found all over India, particularly in waste places, roadsides, and tropical regions.
== Major Phytoconstituents ==
The pharmacological efficacy of *Abutilon indicum* is attributed to its diverse secondary metabolites distributed across roots, leaves, and seeds:
* '''Flavonoids & Alkaloids:''' Contains active flavonoids, glycosides, and various alkaloidal constituents.
* '''Mucilage & Carbohydrates:''' High concentrations of mucilage present in leaves and roots contributing to demulcent properties.
* '''Sterols & Fatty Acids:''' Beta-sitosterol, gallic acid, and essential oils.
== Therapeutic Efficacy & Modern Scientific Research ==
Modern pharmacological evaluations and experimental studies validate several traditional therapeutic uses of *Abutilon indicum*:
=== 1. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity ===
* '''Traditional Use:''' Indicated in *Vatarakta* (gout) and inflammatory joint discomforts.
* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Experimental studies show that root and leaf extracts significantly reduce acute and chronic inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and prostaglandin synthesis. The anti-nociceptive profile helps mitigate pain responses in animal models.<ref name="Kasimala2013">Kasimala, M. B., et al. "Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts." International Journal of Pharmacology.</ref>
=== 2. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Properties ===
* '''Traditional Use:''' Used in tissue rejuvenation and general debility.
* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Plant extracts demonstrate substantial free-radical scavenging capacity and restoration of hepatic enzymes. In vivo studies confirm protection against toxin-induced liver damage by enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase.<ref name="Seetharam2002">Seetharam, Y., et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats." Fitoterapia.</ref>
=== 3. Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Efficacy ===
* '''Traditional Use:''' Applied locally for skin ulcers, boils, and infections.
* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Extracts exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against common pathogens like *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Escherichia coli*. Furthermore, topical applications accelerate wound contraction and collagen deposition in dermal models.<ref name="Kiran2008">Kiran, K., et al. "Evaluation of wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Abutilon indicum Linn." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.</ref>
=== 4. Hypoglycemic and Antidiabetic Effects ===
* '''Traditional Use:''' Traditionally managed under *Meha* conditions.
* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Oral administration of aqueous extracts results in significant blood glucose reduction in diabetic experimental models, acting partly by improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzymes.<ref name="Palanivel2012">Palanivel, M., et al. "Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Abutilon indicum leaf extract in experimental diabetes." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.</ref>
== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|+ Therapeutic Applications of *Abutilon indicum*
! Indication
! Active Biomolecules
! Primary Pharmacological Action
|-
| '''Inflammation & Gout (*Vatarakta*)'''
| Flavonoids, Sterols
| Anti-inflammatory, Prostaglandin inhibition
|-
| '''Liver Health & Oxidative Stress'''
| Phenolic compounds, Antioxidants
| Free-radical scavenging, Hepatoprotection
|-
| '''Wound Healing & Infections'''
| Mucilage, Tannins, Alkaloids
| Antimicrobial, Dermal collagen deposition
|-
| '''Metabolic Support (*Meha*)'''
| Glycosides, Active principles
| Hypoglycemic, Enzyme modulation
|}
== Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage ==
* '''Precautions:''' Generally safe at standard therapeutic doses; high doses should be avoided during early pregnancy unless guided by an Ayurvedic physician.
* '''Standard Therapeutic Dosage:'''
** ''Root/Plant Powder (Churna):'' 3–6 g daily.<ref name="API" />
== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="API">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:13</ref>
<ref name="Kasimala2013">Kasimala, M. B., et al. "Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Abutilon indicum leaf extracts." International Journal of Pharmacology.</ref>
<ref name="Seetharam2002">Seetharam, Y., et al. "Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats." Fitoterapia.</ref>
<ref name="Kiran2008">Kiran, K., et al. "Evaluation of wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Abutilon indicum Linn." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.</ref>
<ref name="Palanivel2012">Palanivel, M., et al. "Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Abutilon indicum leaf extract in experimental diabetes." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.</ref>
}}


==Current availability ==
[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]
Available
India- All over india
==Current researches ==
https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Abutilon%20indicum


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
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