Changes

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

<p style="text-align:justify;">Nama- Rupa Vijnana, is a science that deals with the identification and classification of various entities, including [[Vyadhi|diseases]], medicinal plants, and therapeutic processes. Namarupa Vijnana is not only a naming and formulating science, but also a way to understand the interconnectedness of things in the universe. It can be understood as science of nomenclature and identification of different [[Herbs details|herbs]], [[Vyadhi|diseases]] etc. The nama refers to the name of the entity, while [[Rupa|rupa]] refers to its appearance or description. This technique was adopted in the Samhita and nighantu period to denote the salient features of the [[Herbs details|herbs]]. <br/>Binomial nomenclature, established by Carl Linnaeus, plays a pivotal role in systematically cataloguing and comprehending plants. This standardized naming convention ensures global clarity and precision in scientific discourse, facilitating accurate identification and classification. For example, the binomial name <i>"Ocimum sanctum Linn"</i> uniquely identifies the revered Indian medicinal plant Tulsi, known for its numerous [[Health|health]] benefits in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. Through binomial nomenclature, researchers worldwide can efficiently access information, aiding in the conservation and utilization of medicinal flora. This structured framework fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, advancing fields such as herbal medicine, pharmacology, and ecology, ultimately benefiting society's [[Health|health]] and well-being. </p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">Nama- Rupa Vijnana, is a science that deals with the identification and classification of various entities, including [[Vyadhi|diseases]], medicinal plants, and therapeutic processes. Nama rupa vijnana is not only a naming and formulating science, but also a way to understand the interconnectedness of things in the universe. It can be understood as science of nomenclature and identification of different [[Herbs details|herbs]], [[Vyadhi|diseases]] etc. The nama refers to the name of the entity, while [[Rupa|rupa]] refers to its appearance or description. This technique was adopted in the Samhita and nighantu period to denote the salient features of the [[Herbs details|herbs]]. <br/>Binomial nomenclature, established by Carl Linnaeus, plays a pivotal role in systematically cataloguing and comprehending plants. This standardized naming convention ensures global clarity and precision in scientific discourse, facilitating accurate identification and classification. For example, the binomial name <i>"Ocimum sanctum Linn"</i> uniquely identifies the revered Indian medicinal plant [[Tulasi]], known for its numerous [[Health|health]] benefits in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. Through binomial nomenclature, researchers worldwide can efficiently access information, aiding in the conservation and utilization of medicinal flora. This structured framework fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, advancing fields such as herbal medicine, pharmacology, and ecology, ultimately benefiting society's [[Health|health]] and well-being. </p>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label3 = Reviewers & Editors   

|label3 = Reviewers & Editors   

|data3 = Basisht G.⁴<br/>Deole Y.S.⁵  

|data3 = [[Basisht G.]]⁴<br/>[[Deole Y.S.]]⁵  

|label4 = Affiliations

|label4 = Affiliations

== Concept of basonym and synonym ==

== Concept of basonym and synonym ==

<p style="text-align:justify;">The basonym is defined as the earliest validly published name of a taxon.<ref name="ref1">Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Basonym. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 9, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/basonym</ref> Whereas the word synonym is defined as one or more words or expressions of the same language that have the same meaning in some or all senses.<ref name="ref2">Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Synonym. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 9, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synonym</ref> Considering the aspects of namarupa vijnana, basonym is the original name of the plant which is termed as nirukta (etymological root) or moola nama. The synonym is termed as ‘paryaya’. There are no references and documentation of plant nomenclature during pre-vedic and vedic periods. Some references are observed regarding the names of plants similar to the names of Gods such as Mahabala and Muchakunda. This supports the opinion that synonyms are important tools in the field of dravyaguna vijnana (materia medica of [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]]) that aid in the classification, identification, and usage of medicinal plants.<ref name="ref3">Sastry J L N. Dravyaguna Vijnana, Part - 1.Varanasi: Chaukambha orientalia.2009 Reprint</ref> Synonyms of plants are coined based on various considerations, including morphology, utility in treatment, historical background and place of origin of the drug, and others. This article is an attempt to discuss synonyms and the glory they offer to the scholars of [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], particularly in the field of identification and medicinal aspects. Plants were named based on their mythological background. <br/>There are references regarding the usage of synonyms during this period. There were 2 kinds of synonyms used i.e., Naighantuka and Ekapadika. ‘Naighantuka’ refers to the number of synonyms attributed to a single plant, whereas Ekapadika refers to the single synonym used for many plants<ref name="ref4">Satish Pai: Glory of Synonyms of Plants In Ayurveda With Special Reference to Namarupa Vijnanam- A Review ayurpub; III(5): 1105-1110</ref>. Acharya Priyavrat Sharma (2000) has tried to prove the identity of 150 plants on the basis of synonyms, which is quite a new presentation.<ref name="ref5">Sharma PV. Namarupajnanam. 2 nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Vishwabharati, 2011; 9</ref> Dr.Pandey has stated about 25000 names classified into 57 groups on different aspects and has given the root meanings of about 600 plant names .Dr. Shastri has made available the etymology of 498 plants along with 2000 synonyms.<ref name="ref11">Available from : https://bsienvis.nic.in/</ref></p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">The basonym is defined as the earliest validly published name of a taxon.<ref name="ref1">Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Basonym. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 9, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/basonym</ref> Whereas the word synonym is defined as one or more words or expressions of the same language that have the same meaning in some or all senses.<ref name="ref2">Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Synonym. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 9, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synonym</ref> Considering the aspects of nama rupa vijnana, basonym is the original name of the plant which is termed as nirukta (etymological root) or moola nama. The synonym is termed as ‘paryaya’. There are no references and documentation of plant nomenclature during pre-vedic and vedic periods. Some references are observed regarding the names of plants similar to the names of Gods such as Mahabala and Muchakunda. This supports the opinion that synonyms are important tools in the field of dravyaguna vijnana (materia medica of [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]]) that aid in the classification, identification, and usage of medicinal plants.<ref name="ref3">Sastry J L N. Dravyaguna Vijnana, Part - 1.Varanasi: Chaukambha orientalia.2009 Reprint</ref> Synonyms of plants are coined based on various considerations, including morphology, utility in treatment, historical background and place of origin of the drug, and others. This article is an attempt to discuss synonyms and the glory they offer to the scholars of [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], particularly in the field of identification and medicinal aspects. Plants were named based on their mythological background. <br/>There are references regarding the usage of synonyms during this period. There were 2 kinds of synonyms used i.e., Naighantuka and Ekapadika. ‘Naighantuka’ refers to the number of synonyms attributed to a single plant, whereas Ekapadika refers to the single synonym used for many plants<ref name="ref4">Satish Pai: Glory of Synonyms of Plants In Ayurveda With Special Reference to Namarupa Vijnanam- A Review ayurpub; III(5): 1105-1110</ref>. Acharya Priyavrat Sharma (2000) has tried to prove the identity of 150 plants on the basis of synonyms, which is quite a new presentation.<ref name="ref5">Sharma PV. Namarupajnanam. 2 nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Vishwabharati, 2011; 9</ref> Dr.Pandey has stated about 25000 names classified into 57 groups on different aspects and has given the root meanings of about 600 plant names .Dr. Shastri has made available the etymology of 498 plants along with 2000 synonyms.<ref name="ref11">Available from : https://bsienvis.nic.in/</ref></p>

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

<li style="font-weight:bold">Spines:<span style="font-weight:normal">Teekshnakantaka- sharp spines (<i>Balanites aeygyptica</i>) and Deerghakantaka- long thorns (<i>Acacia arabica</i>).</span></li></ul>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Spines:<span style="font-weight:normal">Teekshnakantaka- sharp spines (<i>Balanites aeygyptica</i>) and Deerghakantaka- long thorns (<i>Acacia arabica</i>).</span></li></ul>

== Taxonomy and <i>nama rupa vijnana</i>- ==

== Taxonomy and nama rupa vijnana ==

<p style="text-align:justify;">Taxonomy is the scientific discipline dedicated to the systematic categorization, classification, and naming of living organisms. It serves as a fundamental framework for understanding and organizing the immense diversity of life on earth.<ref name="ref8">Guerra García JM, Espinosa Torre F, García Gómez JC. Trends in taxonomy today: an overview about the main topics in taxonomy. Zoológica baetica, 19, 15-49. 2008.</ref> Taxonomists are the scientists specializing in this field, classify organisms based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships. This hierarchical system groups organisms into categories, ranging from the broadest, such as domains and kingdoms, down to more specific levels, including phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. One of the most recognizable aspects of taxonomy is the use of binomial nomenclature, a standardized naming system introduced by Carl Linnaeus, which assigns each species a unique two-part scientific name. This meticulous organization enables effective communication among scientists, aids in the identification of species, and enhances our comprehension of the natural world. Taxonomy plays a pivotal role in various biological disciplines, from ecology and evolution to conservation and genetics, making it an essential tool for exploring the intricacies of life on our planet. </p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">Taxonomy is the scientific discipline dedicated to the systematic categorization, classification, and naming of living organisms. It serves as a fundamental framework for understanding and organizing the immense diversity of life on earth.<ref name="ref8">Guerra García JM, Espinosa Torre F, García Gómez JC. Trends in taxonomy today: an overview about the main topics in taxonomy. Zoológica baetica, 19, 15-49. 2008.</ref> Taxonomists are the scientists specializing in this field, classify organisms based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships. This hierarchical system groups organisms into categories, ranging from the broadest, such as domains and kingdoms, down to more specific levels, including phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. One of the most recognizable aspects of taxonomy is the use of binomial nomenclature, a standardized naming system introduced by Carl Linnaeus, which assigns each species a unique two-part scientific name. This meticulous organization enables effective communication among scientists, aids in the identification of species, and enhances our comprehension of the natural world. Taxonomy plays a pivotal role in various biological disciplines, from ecology and evolution to conservation and genetics, making it an essential tool for exploring the intricacies of life on our planet. </p>

== Relation between namarupa vijnana and taxonomy- ==

== Relation between namarupa vijnana and taxonomy ==

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Classification and categorization:</li>

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Classification and categorization:</li>

<ul><li>Both namarupa vijnana and taxonomy are concerned with the fundamental processes of classification and categorization. Taxonomy classifies living organisms into hierarchical groups based on shared characteristics, while namarupa vijnana explores how objects, concepts, and ideas are categorized within the context of language and thought.</li></ul>

<ul><li>Both nama rupa vijnana and taxonomy are concerned with the fundamental processes of classification and categorization. Taxonomy classifies living organisms into hierarchical groups based on shared characteristics, while nama rupa vijnana explores how objects, concepts, and ideas are categorized within the context of language and thought.</li></ul>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Names and labels:</li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Names and labels:</li>

<ul><li>Taxonomy uses scientific names (binomial nomenclature) to label and identify species. Namrupa vijnana, on the other hand, focuses on the interplay between names (namas) and the forms or concepts (rupas) they represent, emphasizing the significance of names in shaping our perception of the world and aiding in providing therapeutic intervention.</li></ul>

<ul><li>Taxonomy uses scientific names (binomial nomenclature) to label and identify species. Nama rupa vijnana, on the other hand, focuses on the interplay between names (nama) and the forms or concepts (rupa) they represent, emphasizing the significance of names in shaping our perception of the world and aiding in providing therapeutic intervention.</li></ul>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Hierarchical structure:</li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Hierarchical structure:</li>

<ul><li>Taxonomy employs a hierarchical system with various ranks, such as domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Namarupa vijnana, while less structured, still involves hierarchical thinking when objects and concepts are categorized and named within language and cognition.</li></ul>

<ul><li>Taxonomy employs a hierarchical system with various ranks, such as domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Namarupa vijnana, while less structured, still involves hierarchical thinking when objects and concepts are categorized and named within language and cognition.</li></ul>

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Nomenclature and classification-<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Namarupa vijnana involves the systematic naming and categorization of [[Vyadhi|diseases]], [[Herbs details|herbs]], and therapeutic methods. This classification helps in organizing knowledge and streamlining treatment approaches.</span></li>

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Nomenclature and classification-<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Namarupa vijnana involves the systematic naming and categorization of [[Vyadhi|diseases]], [[Herbs details|herbs]], and therapeutic methods. This classification helps in organizing knowledge and streamlining treatment approaches.</span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Understanding [[Dosha|doshas]]: [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] identifies three fundamental [[Dosha|doshas]]<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">[[Vata dosha|Vata]], [[Pitta dosha|Pitta]], and [[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] – that govern an individual's physical and mental constitution. Namarupa Vijnana plays a crucial role in identifying the doshic imbalances responsible for various health conditions. The different synonyms of the three dosha as well as the description of function of [[Dosha|dosha]] is the application of nama-rupa vijnana for understanding the fundamental concepts.</span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Understanding [[dosha]]: [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] identifies three fundamental [[dosha]]<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">[[Vata dosha|Vata]], [[Pitta dosha|Pitta]], and [[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] – that govern an individual's physical and mental constitution. Namarupa Vijnana plays a crucial role in identifying the doshic imbalances responsible for various health conditions. The different synonyms of the three dosha as well as the description of function of [[Dosha|dosha]] is the application of nama-rupa vijnana for understanding the fundamental concepts.</span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Holistic approach:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Namarupa vijnana extends beyond the mere identification of symptoms and conditions. It considers the interconnectedness of [[Manas|mind]], [[Sharira|body]], and spirit, recognizing that imbalances in one area can affect the whole.</span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Holistic approach:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Namarupa vijnana extends beyond the mere identification of symptoms and conditions. It considers the interconnectedness of [[Manas|mind]], [[Sharira|body]], and spirit, recognizing that imbalances in one area can affect the whole.</span></li>