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→Diagnosis/ signs and symptoms of ear diseases
====== Diagnosis/ signs and symptoms of ear diseases ======
====== Diagnosis/ signs and symptoms of ear diseases ======
Signs of vataja ear disease:
Signs of ''vataja'' ear disease:
Tinnitus, severe pain, dried ear wax, thin discharge, deafness/ inability to hear.
Tinnitus, severe pain, dried ear wax, thin discharge, deafness/ inability to hear.
Signs of pittaja ear disease:
Signs of ''pittaja'' ear disease:
Signs of kaphaja ear disease:
Defective hearing, itching, stiffness, swelling, white and unctuous discharge and dullpain.
Edema, redness, ulceration, burning sensation, yellow and purulent discharge. [127]
Signs of tridoṣhaja/sannipatika ear diseases:
With all the above symptoms there is extreme purulent discharge containing different colours according to the predominant doṣha. [128]
Signs of ''kaphaja'' ear disease:
Defective hearing, itching, stiffness, swelling, white and unctuous discharge and dull pain.
Signs of ''tridoshaja/sannipatika'' ear diseases:
With all the above symptoms there is extreme purulent discharge containing different colours according to the predominant ''dosha''. [128]
Thus, ends description of diagnosis of ear diseases.
Thus, ends description of diagnosis of ear diseases.
===== Eye diseases =====
अल्पस्तुरागोऽनुपदेहवांश्चसतोदभेदोऽनिलजाक्षिरोगे|
अल्पस्तुरागोऽनुपदेहवांश्चसतोदभेदोऽनिलजाक्षिरोगे|
पित्तात्सदाहोऽतिरुजःसरागःपीतोपदेहःसुभृशोष्णवाही||१२९||
पित्तात्सदाहोऽतिरुजःसरागःपीतोपदेहःसुभृशोष्णवाही||१२९||
शुक्लोपदेहंबहुपिच्छिलाश्रुनेत्रंकफात्स्याद्गुरुतासकण्डुः|
शुक्लोपदेहंबहुपिच्छिलाश्रुनेत्रंकफात्स्याद्गुरुतासकण्डुः|
सर्वाणिरूपाणितुसन्निपातान्नेत्रामयाःषण्णवतिस्तुभेदात्||१३०||
सर्वाणिरूपाणितुसन्निपातान्नेत्रामयाःषण्णवतिस्तुभेदात्||१३०||
तेषामभिव्यक्तिरभिप्रदिष्टाशालाक्यतन्त्रेषुचिकित्सितंच|
तेषामभिव्यक्तिरभिप्रदिष्टाशालाक्यतन्त्रेषुचिकित्सितंच|
पराधिकारेतुनविस्तरोक्तिःशस्तेतितेनात्रननःप्रयासः||१३१||
पराधिकारेतुनविस्तरोक्तिःशस्तेतितेनात्रननःप्रयासः||१३१||
इतिनेत्ररोगनिदानम्|
इतिनेत्ररोगनिदानम्|
alpastu rāgō'nupadēhavāṁśca satōdabhēdō'nilajākṣirōgē|
alpastu rāgō'nupadēhavāṁśca satōdabhēdō'nilajākṣirōgē|
pittāt sadāhō'tirujaḥ sarāgaḥ pītōpadēhaḥ subhr̥śōṣṇavāhī||129||
pittāt sadāhō'tirujaḥ sarāgaḥ pītōpadēhaḥ subhr̥śōṣṇavāhī||129||
śuklōpadēhaṁ bahupicchilāśru nētraṁ kaphāt syādgurutā sakaṇḍuḥ|
śuklōpadēhaṁ bahupicchilāśru nētraṁ kaphāt syādgurutā sakaṇḍuḥ|
sarvāṇi rūpāṇi tu sannipātānnētrāmayāḥ ṣaṇṇavatistu bhēdāt||130||
sarvāṇi rūpāṇi tu sannipātānnētrāmayāḥ ṣaṇṇavatistu bhēdāt||130||
tēṣāmabhivyaktirabhipradiṣṭā śālākyatantrēṣu cikitsitaṁ ca|
tēṣāmabhivyaktirabhipradiṣṭā śālākyatantrēṣu cikitsitaṁ ca|
parādhikārē tu na vistarōktiḥ śastēti tēnātra na naḥ prayāsaḥ||131||
parādhikārē tu na vistarōktiḥ śastēti tēnātra na naḥ prayāsaḥ||131||
iti nētrarōganidānam|
iti nētrarōganidānam|
alpastu rAgo~anupadehavAMshca satodabhedo~anilajAkShiroge |
alpastu rAgo~anupadehavAMshca satodabhedo~anilajAkShiroge |
pittAt sadAho~atirujaH sarAgaH pItopadehaH subhRushoShNavAhI ||129||
pittAt sadAho~atirujaH sarAgaH pItopadehaH subhRushoShNavAhI ||129||
shuklopadehaM bahupicchilAshru netraM kaphAt syAdgurutA sakaNDuH |
shuklopadehaM bahupicchilAshru netraM kaphAt syAdgurutA sakaNDuH |
sarvANi rUpANi tu sannipAtAnnetrAmayAH ShaNNavatistu bhedAt ||130||
sarvANi rUpANi tu sannipAtAnnetrAmayAH ShaNNavatistu bhedAt ||130||
teShAmabhivyaktirabhipradiShTA shAlAkyatantreShu cikitsitaM ca |
teShAmabhivyaktirabhipradiShTA shAlAkyatantreShu cikitsitaM ca |
parAdhikAre tu na vistaroktiH shasteti tenAtra na naH prayAsaH ||131||
parAdhikAre tu na vistaroktiH shasteti tenAtra na naH prayAsaH ||131||
iti netraroganidAnam |
iti netraroganidAnam |
Diagnosis of eye diseases:
Diagnosis of eye diseases:
Signs of vataja eye disease:
Signs of vataja eye disease:
Redness, scanty or absence of lacrimation and bougiey discharge, cutting and piercing pain.
Redness, scanty or absence of lacrimation and sticky discharge, cutting and piercing pain.
Signs of pittaja eye disease:
Signs of pittaja eye disease:
Burning sensation, intense pain, redness, yellow discharge and excessive hot lacrimation. [129]
Burning sensation, intense pain, redness, yellow discharge and excessive hot lacrimation. [129]
Signs of kaphaja eye disease:
Signs of kaphaja eye disease:
Whitish discharge, excessive slimy lacrimation, heaviness and itching in the eye.
Whitish discharge, excessive slimy lacrimation, heaviness and itching in the eye.
Signs of tridoṣhaja/sannipataj eye disease:
Signs of tridoshaja/sannipataja eye disease:
All the above characters are observed. [130]
All the above characters are observed. [130]
Total, eye diseases are 96 in number their features and treatment are described in shalakyatantra. It is not desirable to divulge in details of another specialized branch. Hence such details are not attempted here. [131]
Total, eye diseases are 96 in number their features and treatment aredescribed in Salakyatantra. It is not desirable to divulge in details of another specialized branch. Hence such details are not attempted here. [131]
Thus, ends description of diagnosis of eye diseases.
Thus, ends description of diagnosis of eye diseases.
iti khālityarōganidānam|
iti khālityarōganidānam|
Pathogenesis of baldness:
Pathogenesis of alopecia:
The body heat along with vatadi doṣha burns the hair root (scalp) instantaneously and thus causes baldness in men. If there is slight burning of hair root it produces whiteness or greying of head hairs. [132]
The body heat along with vatadi dosha burns the hair root (scalp) instantaneously and thus causes alopecia in men. If there is slight burning of hair root, it produces whiteness or greying of head hairs. [132]
Only some of the ailments affecting the organs of head and neck are described here, in order to prevent the allegation of absolute omission of these ailments in this text. Thus, ends description of diagnosis of disease of alopecia. [133]
Only some of the ailments affecting the organs of head and neck are described here, in order to prevent the allegation of absolute omission of these ailments in this text. Thus, ends description of diagnosis of disease of alopecia. [133]
Treatment of supra-clavicular diseases (urdva jatrugata roga):
Treatment of supra-clavicular diseases (urdhva jatrugata roga):
वातात्सकासवैस्वर्येसक्षारंपीनसेवृतम्|
वातात्सकासवैस्वर्येसक्षारंपीनसेवृतम्|
पिबेद्रसंपयश्चोष्णंस्नैहिकंधूममेववा||१३४||
पिबेद्रसंपयश्चोष्णंस्नैहिकंधूममेववा||१३४||
vAtaje pInase dhImAnicchannevAtmano hitam ||143||
vAtaje pInase dhImAnicchannevAtmano hitam ||143||
Treatment of vatika pinasa (..) if associated with cough and abnormal voice (hoarseness of voice):
Treatment of vatika pinasa (vata dominant chronic rhinitis) if associated with cough and abnormal voice (hoarseness of voice):
1. Consume ghee and yavaksara
1. Consume ghee and yavakshara
2. Drink hot meat soup or warm milk
2. Drink hot meat soup or warm milk
3. Inhalation of unctuous medicated smoke. [134]
3. Inhalation of unctuous medicated smoke. [134]
4. Varti (smoking bougie/cigarette) is to be prepared out of satahva, twak, balaroots, bark of syonaka, eranda root, bark of bilva, aragvadha and bee’s wax, muscle-fat and ghee. Use this as varti (cigarette) to smoke. [135]
4. Varti (smoking wick/cigarette) is to be prepared out of shatahva, twak, balaroots, bark of shyonaka, eranda root, bark of bilva, aragvadha and bee’s wax, muscle-fat and ghee. Use this as varti (cigarette) to smoke. [135]
5. Alternative formula can be adopted by the physician for smoke inhalation in cases of acute coryza /rhinitis: Roasted barley flour and ghee, mix together and keep in an earthen saucer, and cover it with another saucer having hole in the middle, seal the joint of these two earthen saucers then keep it over the fire. Reed should be fixed to the hole in the upper saucer. The smoke coming out of this is to be inhaled in acute rhinitis. [136]
5. Alternative formula can be adopted by the physician for smoke inhalation in cases of acute coryza /rhinitis: Roasted barley flour and ghee, mix together and keep in an earthen saucer, and cover it with another saucer having hole in the middle, seal the joint of these two earthen saucers then keep it over the fire. Reed should be fixed to the hole in the upper saucer. The smoke coming out of this is to be inhaled in acute rhinitis. [136]
6. If pain in temples, head and forehead, fomentation with warm palms and poultices should be used.
6. If pain in temples, head and forehead, fomentation with warm palms and poultices should be used.
7. If sneezing, nasal obstruction or discharge, etc. then fomentation with bolus type (sankar sweda) and other such types foementation to be done after adequate massage [137].
7. If sneezing, nasal obstruction or discharge, etc. then fomentation with bolus type (sankar sweda) and other such types foementation to be done after adequate massage [137].
8. The patient should also inhale powders of rohisa, jiraka, vaca, tarkari, corakaorpowders of- twak, patra, marica, ela, upakuncika [138]
8. The patient should also inhale powders of rohisha, jiraka, vacha, tarkari, chorakaor powders of- twak, patra, maricha, ela, upakunchika. [138]
9. If there is dryness of nasal passage, srngataka (vital spot where the junction of vessels supplying nourishment to eye, nose and ear) nose and eye then oil inhalation is advisable.
9. If there is dryness of nasal passage, shringataka (vital spot where the junction of vessels supplying nourishment to eye, nose and ear) nose and eye then oil inhalation is advisable.
Also, the following oil known as anu-taila:
Also, the following oil known as anu-taila:
Sesame seeds are impregnated in goat’s milk paste is prepared and triturated with goat’s milk again. Add madhuka and heat this paste on mild fire. Extract the oil and add decoction of dasamula and paste of rasna, madhuka and saindhava. Cook the above repeatedly for ten times. The processed in this manner is called anu-tailam. [139-140]
Sesame seeds are impregnated in goat’s milk paste is prepared and triturated with goat’s milk again. Add madhuka and heat this paste on mild fire. Extract the oil and add decoction of dasamula and paste of rasna, madhuka and saindhava. Cook the above repeatedly for ten times. The processed in this manner is called anu-tailam. [139-140]
Treatment of vataja- pinasa:
Treatment of vataja- pinasa:
After oleation therapy, one should be given asthapana type of enema therapy to eliminate the doṣha, [141]
After oleation therapy, one should be given asthapana type of enema therapy to eliminate the dosha, [141]
Dietary treatment in vataja- pinasa:
Dietary treatment in vataja- pinasa:
One should consume unctuous, sour, hot, and light food along with the meat soup of domestic animals. Should use hot water for bath and drinking, [142]
One should consume unctuous, sour, hot, and light food along with the meat soup of domestic animals. Should use hot water for bath and drinking. [142]
Patient should live in wind-free warm room and avoid anxiety, exertion, excessive speech and sexual intercourse considering once own well being. [143]
Patient should live in wind-free warm room and avoid anxiety, exertion, excessive speech and sexual intercourse considering once own well being. [143]
General Treatment of pittaja pinasa:
General Treatment of pittaja pinasa:
1. One should be given ghee prepared with sringavera or milk boiled with sringavera for digestion of morbid matter.
1. One should be given ghee prepared with shringavera or milk boiled with shringavera for digestion of morbid matter.
2. There after, when the morbidity is ripened, head evacuation/errhines should be administered. [144]
2. There after, when the morbidity is ripened, head evacuation/errhines should be administered. [144]
Errhines formulas:
Errhines formulas:
1. Formula for ripened type of rhinitis/ Pakva-pinasa:
1. Formula for ripened type of rhinitis/ Pakva-pinasa:
Oil prepared out of patha, haridra, daruharidra, murva, pippali, tender leaves of jati and danti. [145]
Oil prepared out of patha, haridra, daruharidra, murva, pippali, tender leaves of jati and danti. [145]
2. Treatment of puya-rakta (purulent and sanguinous rhinitis)
2. Treatment of puya-rakta (purulent and sanguinous rhinitis):
Decoctions and snuffs/ inhalation therapies prescribed in raktapitta should be administered.
Decoctions and snuffs/ inhalation therapies prescribed in raktapitta should be administered.
3. Treatment of inflammation, burning sensation and boils etc:
3. Treatment of inflammation, burning sensation and boils etc:
4. In pittaja type of rhinitis inhalations and the decoctions used should be sweet in taste and cooling.
4. In pittaja type of rhinitis inhalations and the decoctions used should be sweet in taste and cooling.
5. In case of rhinitis of less aggravated pitta, purgation with unctuous drugs should be administered. [147]
5. In case of rhinitis of less aggravated pitta, purgation with unctuous drugs should be administered. [147]
6. Diet in case of coryza having mild pitta involvement: Ghee, milk, barley, rice, wheat, meat soup of wild animals, cooling, sour and bitter vegetables and soup of mudga etc. are useful. [148]
6. Diet in case of coryza having mild pitta involvement: ghee, milk, barley, rice, wheat, meat soup of wild animals, cooling, sour and bitter vegetables and soup of mudga etc. are useful. [148]
Treatment of kaphaja pinasa and duṣṭapratiśyāya :
Treatment of kaphaja pinasa and dushtapratishyaya:
गौरवारोचकेष्वादौ लङ्घनं कफपीनसे |
गौरवारोचकेष्वादौ लङ्घनं कफपीनसे |
स्वेदाःसेकाश्चपाकार्थंलिप्तेशिरसिसर्पिषा||१४९||
स्वेदाःसेकाश्चपाकार्थंलिप्तेशिरसिसर्पिषा||१४९||
kShAro~arbudAdhimAMseShu kriyA sheSheShvavekShya ca ||157||
kShAro~arbudAdhimAMseShu kriyA sheSheShvavekShya ca ||157||
iti pInasanAsArogacikitsA |
iti pInasanAsArogacikitsA |
Treatment of kaphaja pinasa:
Treatment of kaphaja pinasa:
1. In kaphaja pinasa, associated with heaviness and anorexia, fasting therapy should be advised. For digestion (of impurity) head should be smeared with ghee and then, fomentation and affusion therapies should be administered. [149]
1. In kaphaja pinasa, associated with heaviness and anorexia, fasting therapy should be advised. For digestion (of impurity) head should be smeared with ghee and then, fomentation and affusion therapies should be administered. [149]
2. Garlic mixed with powder of green gram, trikatu, yavakshara and ghee should be given to reduce the alleviated kapha. When kapha is in excess alleviated condition then kapha alleviating emetic therapy should be given with [150]
2. Garlic mixed with powder of green gram, trikatu, yavakshara and ghee should be given to reduce the alleviated kapha. When kapha is in excess alleviated condition then emetic therapy should be given with kapha alleviating medicines. [150]
3. In case of kaphaja pinasa, apinasa, puti nasya, running nose and itching medicated smoke inhalation therapy and avapeedana/ expressed juice of pungent drugs to be given. [151]
3. In case of kaphaja pinasa, apinasa, puti nasya, running nose and itching medicated smoke inhalation therapy and avapeedana/ expressed juice of pungent drugs to be given. [151]
4. One should inhale the powder of manahshil, vaca, trikatu, vidanga, hingu and guggulu
4. One should inhale the powder of manahshila, vacha, trikatu, vidanga, hingu and guggulu.
5. The powder of pungent fruits should be sniffed / inhaled into the patient’s nose. [152]
5. The powder of pungent fruits should be sniffed / inhaled into the patient’s nose. [152]
6. In case of thick, fat-like mucous discharge which comes out when the rhinitis is ripened (pakve) should be advised snuff with mustard oil, cow’s urine, bharangi, madana, tarkari, drugs of the surasadi group. Boil the above together and cooked by adding paste of laksha, vaca, bittergourd, vidanga, kustha, pippali, karanja. [153-154]
6. In case of thick, fat-like mucous discharge which comes out when the rhinitis is ripened (pakve) should be advised snuff with mustard oil, cow’s urine, bharangi, madana, tarkari, drugs of the surasadi group. Boil the above together and cooked by adding paste of laksha, vacha, bittergourd, vidanga, kushtha, pippali, karanja. [153-154]
7. Treatment for diminished/ milder kaphaja pinasa: The patient should be given oleation therapy followed by emetic therapy. Gruel prepared out of tila and black gram by adding milk boiled with emetic drugs should be used in this emetic therapy. [155]
7. Treatment for diminished/ milder kaphaja pinasa: The patient should be given oleation therapy followed by emetic therapy. Gruel prepared out of tila and black gram by adding milk boiled with emetic drugs should be used in this emetic therapy. [155]
Diet for kaphaja-pinasa:
Diet for kaphaja-pinasa:
Soups of vartaka, patola, trikatu, kulattha, adhaki, mudga and kapha alleviating cereals and affusion of hot water is to be advised. [156]
Soups of vartaka, patola, trikatu, kulattha, adhaki, mudga and kapha alleviating cereals and affusion of hot water is to be advised. [156]
Treatment of dusta pinasa:
Treatment of dushta pinasa:
The measures described above should be applied for overcoming all the three doṣha type rhinitis.
The measures described above should be applied for overcoming all the three dosha type rhinitis.
Treatment of swelling of the nose/ edematous rhinitis:
Treatment of swelling of the nose/ edematous rhinitis:
Edema reliving measures should be applied.
Edema reliving measures should be applied.
Treatment of growth like tumors and polyps/ adhimāṁsa:
Treatment of growth like tumors and polyps/ adhimamsa:
Aplication of alkali is advised.
Aplication of alkali is advised.
Treatment of the remaining disorders of the nose:
Treatment of the remaining disorders of the nose:
“Thus, ends the treatment of pinasa and other diseases of the nose.” [157]
“Thus, ends the treatment of pinasa and other diseases of the nose.” [157]
Treatment of head-diseases:
Treatment of diseases of head:
वातिकेशिरसोरोगेस्नेहान्स्वेदान्सनावनान्|
वातिकेशिरसोरोगेस्नेहान्स्वेदान्सनावनान्|
पानान्नमुपनाहांश्चकुर्याद्वातामयापहान्||१५८||
पानान्नमुपनाहांश्चकुर्याद्वातामयापहान्||१५८||
Treatment of vataja head diseases:
Treatment of vataja head diseases:
1. General treatment of vataja head diseases: oleation, fomentation and snuffing/ inhalation therapy, vāta alleviating diet and poultices are used. [158]
1. General treatment of vataja head diseases: oleation, fomentation and snuffing/ inhalation therapy, vata alleviating diet and poultices are used. [158]
2. Hot poultices/upanaha: One should use the paste of drugs of the agaru etc group, jivaniya group, sumanas (flowers of jati) or of fish or meat fried in oil and used for luke-warm poultices. [159]
2. Hot poultices/upanaha: One should use the paste of drugs of the agaru etc group, jivaniya group, sumanas (flowers of jati) or of fish or meat fried in oil and used for luke-warm poultices. [159]
3. Rasnadi-tailam:
3. Rasnadi-tailam:
a. Oil Prepared out of rasna, laghu panchamula, milk and oil used for nasya cures headache.
a. Oil Prepared out of rasna, laghu panchamula, milk and oil used for nasya cures headache.
b. Oil prepared out of rasna, kakoli, ksirakakoli, sarkara and such oil when used for nasya cures headache [160]
b. Oil prepared out of rasna, kakoli, kshirakakoli, sharkara and such oil when used for nasya cures headache .[160]
4. Baladya-tailam:
4. Baladya-tailam:
The following nasya alleviates all supraclavicular disorders caused by vāta and pitta:
The following nasya alleviates all supraclavicular disorders caused by vata and pitta:
One prastha (640 gm) of oil, bala, madhuka, yashti, vidari, chandana, utpala, jivaka, rishabhaka, draksha, sharkara, milk, 1/2 tula (2 kg) of meat soup of wild animals cooked together and oil prepared in this manner is used for nasya. [161-162]
5. Mayura-ghrita:
5. Mayura-ghrita:
This ghrita is beneficial in head diseases, facial paralysis, diseases of ear, eye, nose, tongue, palate, mouth, throat and other supraclavicular disorders.
This ghrita is beneficial in diseases of head, facial paralysis, diseases of ear, eye, nose, tongue, palate, mouth, throat and other supraclavicular disorders.
Peacock (which is devoid of feathers, bile, intestines, feces, beak and feet) alongwith dashamula, bala, rasna, triphala, madhuka and water are mixed together. Decoction is prepared of all the above. To this 640mg/1 prastha ghee, 640mg/ 1 prastha milk, 10 mg/1 karsha paste of madhuradi gana drugs is added and the prepared ghrita is well known as Mayura ghrita thus ends the description of mayura ghrita. [163-165]
Peacock (which is devoid of feathers, bile, intestines, feces, beak and feet) along with dashamula, bala, rasna, triphala, madhuka and water are mixed together. Decoction is prepared of all the above. To this One prastha (640 gm) ghee, One prastha (640 gm) milk, 1 karsha (10 gm) paste of madhuradi gana drugs is added and prepared ghrita is well known as mayura ghrita thus ends the description of mayura ghrita. [163-165]
AkhubhiH kukkuTairhaMsaiH shashaishcApi hi buddhimAn |
AkhubhiH kukkuTairhaMsaiH shashaishcApi hi buddhimAn |
kalpenAnena vipacet sarpirUrdhvagadApaham ||175||
kalpenAnena vipacet sarpirUrdhvagadApaham ||175||
Mahamayura Ghrta:
Mahamayura ghrita:
Decoction is prepared of Peacock devoid of feathers, bile, intestines, feces, beak and feet, dasamula, bala, rasna, triphala, madhuka and water.
Decoction is prepared of peacock devoid of feathers, bile, intestines, feces, beak and feet, dasamula, bala, rasna, triphala, madhuka and water.
640 mg ghee and four times of milk, 10gm paste of each jivanti, triphala, meda, mrdvika, rddhi, parusaka, samanga, cavika, bhargi, devadaru, kapikacchu, mahameda, talamastaka, kharjuramustaka, bisa,saluka, srngi, jivaka, padmaka, satavari, vidari, iksu, brhati, 2 types of sariva, murva,goksura, rsabhaka, srngataka, kaseruka, rasna, salaparni, tamalaki, suksmaila, sati, puskaramula, punarnava, tugaksiri, kakoli, dhanvayasa, kharjura, aksota, vatama,munjata, abhisuka (asper the availability) added and fortify the above into ghee.
The 640 grams ghee and four times of milk, 10gm paste of each jivanti, triphala, meda, mrdvika, rddhi, parusaka, samanga,cavika, bharangi, devadaru, kapikacchu, mahameda, talamastaka, kharjuramustaka, bisa,shaluka, shringi, jivaka, padmaka, shatavari, vidari, ikshu, brihati, 2 types of sariva, murva, gokshura, rishabhaka, shringataka, kasheruka, rasna, shalaparni, tamalaki, sukshmaila, shati, pushkaramula, punarnava, tugakshiri, kakoli, dhanvayasa, kharjura, akshota, vatama,munjata, abhishuka added and fortify the above into ghee.
This ghrita is used as snuff, intake as drink, massage and enema therapies, in all head diseases, in severe cough and dyspnea, stiffness of neck and back, emaciation, hoarseness of voice, facial paralysis, diseases of vaginal track and menstruation and seminal vitiation and provides fertility to sterile women. Intake of it after bath at the end of the menstrual period delivers male offspring. This is called as maha mayura-ghrita and is praised by Lord Atreya, thus enda the description of maha mayura ghrita. [166-174]
This ghrita is used as snuff, for consumption as drink, massage and enema therapies, in all head diseases, in severe cough and dyspnea, stiffness of neck and back, emaciation, hoarseness of voice, facial paralysis, diseases of vaginal track and menstruation and seminal vitiation and provides fertility to sterile women. Intake of it after bath at the end of the menstrual period delivers male offspring. This is called as maha mayura-ghrita and is praised by Lord Atreya, thus enda the description of maha mayura ghrita. [166-174]
“A wise physician may prepare ghrita, with the above mentioned ingredients and the procedure, with rats, cocks, swans and rabbits [substituted for the peacock (mayura)] which also cure supraclavicular disorders” [175]
“A wise physician may prepare ghrita, with the above mentioned ingredients and the procedure, with rats, cocks, swans and rabbits [substituted for the peacock (mayura)] which also cure supraclavicular disorders” [175]
Treatment of paittika head diseases:
Treatment of paittika diseases of head:
पैत्तेघृतंपयःसेकाःशीतालेपाःसनावनाः|
पैत्तेघृतंपयःसेकाःशीतालेपाःसनावनाः|
जीवनीयानिसर्पींषिपानान्नंचापिपित्तनुत्||१७६||
जीवनीयानिसर्पींषिपानान्नंचापिपित्तनुत्||१७६||
1. General Treatment of paittika head diseases:
1. General Treatment of paittika head diseases:
Ghee, Milk, Affusions, Cold pastes/poultice, Snuffs of drugs having cold potency, ghee prepared out of drugs belonging to jivaniya group and pitta-alleviating diet (food and drinks) should be taken. [176]
Ghee, Milk, affusions, cold pastes/poultice, snuffs of drugs having cold potency, ghee prepared out of drugs belonging to jivaniya group and pitta-alleviating diet (food and drinks) should be taken. [176]
2. Ointment and affusion in pittaja head disease:
2. Ointment and affusion in pittaja diseases of head:
Chandana, usira, madhuyasti, bala, vyaghranakha, utpala and milk (for trituration) made into paste and can be anointed on the patient of pattika head disease and also the decoction prepared out of above drugs can be used for affusion in paittika head diseases. [177]
Chandana, ushira, madhuyashti, bala, vyaghranakha, utpala and milk (for trituration) made into paste and can be anointed on the patient of pattika disease of head and also the decoction prepared out of above drugs can be used for affusion in paittika diseases of head. [177]
3. The snuff in pittaja head disease:
3. The snuff in pittaja diseases of head:
Paste prepared of twak, patra, sarkara alongwith rice water should be squeeze to extract out the juice and put the same in the nostrils followed by administration of ghee as nasya. [178]
Paste prepared of twak, patra, sarkara alongwith rice water should be squeeze to extract out the juice and put the same in the nostrils followed by administration of ghee as nasya. [178]
4. The nasya in pittaja head disease:
4. The nasya in diseases of head:
Ghee fortified with ingredients such as madhuyasti, chandana, ananta and milk is used for nasya. Similarly medicated ghee prepared from sarkara, draksa, madhuka is useful in pittaja head disease. [179]
Ghee fortified with ingredients such as madhuyashti, chandana, ananta and milk is used for nasya. Similarly medicated ghee prepared from sharkara, draksha, madhuka is useful in pittaja head disease. [179]
Treatment of kaphaja/ sannipatika and krimija head diseases:
Treatment of kaphaja, sannipatika and krimija head diseases:
कफजेस्वेदितंधूमनस्यप्रधमनादिभिः|
कफजेस्वेदितंधूमनस्यप्रधमनादिभिः|
शुद्धंप्रलेपपानान्नैःकफघ्नैःसमुपाचरेत्||१८०||
शुद्धंप्रलेपपानान्नैःकफघ्नैःसमुपाचरेत्||१८०||
General treatment of kaphaja head diseases:
General treatment of kaphaja head diseases:
Fomentation therapy, smoking, snuffing and insufflation of powders in to nostrils and then managed with kapha-alleviating paste and diet alongwith intake of old ghee and teekshna basti (medicated enema having strong cleansing property). [180-181]
Fomentation therapy, smoking, snuffing and insufflation of powders in to nostrils and then managed with kapha-alleviating paste and diet alongwith intake of old ghee and teekshna basti (medicated enema having strong cleansing property). [180-181]
1. In kaphaja and vataja head diseases, daha (agnikarma/ cauterization) on forehead and temples is done followed by blood-letting therapy considering the remaining morbid doṣha[181]
1. In kaphaja and vataja head diseases, daha (agnikarma/ cauterization) on forehead and temples is done followed by blood-letting therapy considering the remaining morbid dosha [181]
2. Dhooma varti (smoke bougie/cigar) prepared of eranda, nalada, ksauma, guggulu, aguru, chandana and other aromatic drugs except kustha and tagara should be used for medicated smoking. [182]
2. Dhooma varti (smoke bougie/cigar) prepared of eranda, nalada, ksauma, guggulu, aguru, chandana and other aromatic drugs except kushtha and tagara should be used for medicated smoking. [182]
Treatment of tri-doshic/sannipatika head diseases:
Treatment of tri-doshik/sannipatika head diseases:
Therapeutic measures prescribed for all the three types of head diseases should be administered in sannipatika head diseases. [183]
Therapeutic measures prescribed for all the three types of head diseases should be administered in sannipatika head diseases. [183]
Treatment of head disease due to micro organisms/ krimija:
Treatment of head disease due to micro organisms/ krimija:
1. Strong errhine having sharp (teekshna) ingredients should be administered. [183]
1. Strong errhine having sharply acting (teekshna) ingredients should be administered. [183]
2. Medicated errhine prepared after fortifying oil with twak, danti, vyaghranakha, vidanga, navamallika, apamarga fruits and seeds of naktamala and sirisa, ksavaka, asmantaka, bilva, haridra, hingu, yuthika, phanijjaka alongwith 4 times sheep urine should be used or the same herbs may also be used for insufflation. [184-185]
2. Medicated errhine prepared after fortifying oil with twak, danti, vyaghranakha, vidanga, navamallika, apamarga fruits and seeds of naktamala and shirisha, kshavaka, ashmantaka, bilva, haridra, hingu, yuthika, phanijjaka alongwith 4 times sheep urine should be used or the same herbs may also be used for insufflation. [184-185]
4. The squeezed juice prepared from seeds of sigru karanja and trikatu may be put in the nostrils/ avapeedana. Similarly decoction, fresh juice, alkali preparation, powder preparation, paste of the same drugs may also be used for avapeedana in nostrils.
4. The squeezed juice prepared from seeds of sigru karanja and trikatu may be put in the nostrils/ avapeedana. Similarly decoction, fresh juice, alkali preparation, powder preparation, paste of the same drugs may also be used for avapeedana in nostrils.
Thus ends the treatment of head disease. [186]
Thus ends the treatment of head disease. [186]
Treatment of diseases of the mouth:
Treatment of diseases of the mouth:
शुक्ततिक्तकटुक्षौद्रकषायैःकवलग्रहः|
शुक्ततिक्तकटुक्षौद्रकषायैःकवलग्रहः|
General treatment of diseases of the mouth:
General treatment of diseases of the mouth:
Gargling/ holding paste of drugs in mouth (kavala graha) of contents such as vinegar, decoction of bitter and pungent drug and honey. Medicated Smoking, Insufflation, purgation, emesis, fasting and diet which alleviates the aggravated doṣha are beneficial in oral diseases. [187]
Gargling/ holding paste of drugs in mouth (kavala graha) of contents such as vinegar, decoction of bitter and pungent drug and honey. Medicated smoking, insufflation, purgation, emesis, fasting and diet which alleviates the aggravated dosha are beneficial in oral diseases. [187]
1. Pippalyadi-churna:
1. Pippalyadi-churna:
Take equal quantity each of pippali, aguru, daruharidra bark, yavaksara, rasanjana, patha, tejovati, haritaki. Powder all the above drugs and Mix with honey. This linctus is to be kept in the mouth in all diseases of the mouth. [188]
Take equal quantity each of pippali, aguru, daruharidra bark, yavakshara, rasanjana, patha, tejovati, haritaki. Powder all the above drugs and Mix with honey. This linctus is to be kept in the mouth in all diseases of the mouth. [188]
2. Mix all the above mentioned drugs by adding sidhu (wine prepared out of sugarcane juice), madhava (wine prepared out of honey) and madhvika (wine prepared out of madhuka) together and used for gargling in all diseases of the mouth. [189]
2. Mix all the above mentioned drugs by adding sidhu (wine prepared out of sugarcane juice), madhava (wine prepared out of honey) and madhvika (wine prepared out of madhuka) together and used for gargling in all diseases of the mouth. [189]
3. Tejovatyadi tooth – powder:
3. Tejovatyadi tooth – powder:
Brushing with powder of tejohva/tejabala, haritaki, ela, samanga, katuka, ghana/musta, patha, jyotismati, lodhra, daruharidra, kustha reduces bleeding, itching and pain in the teeth. [190-191]
Brushing with powder of tejohva/tejabala, haritaki, ela, samanga, katuka, ghana/musta, patha, jyotismati, lodhra, daruharidra, kustha reduces bleeding, itching and pain in the teeth. [190-191]
4. Ksara-gutika:
4. Kshara-gutika:
Panchakola (pippali,pippalimola,chavya, chitraka, nagara), talisapatra, ela, marica, twak, alkali of palasa, mustaka and yavaksara.Powder all of the above and cooked together with two times old jaggery. Make pills the size of small karkandu (jujube/ber fruit).
Panchakola (pippali, pippalimula, chavya, chitraka, nagara), talisapatra, ela, maricha, twak, alkali of palasa, mustaka and yavaksara. Powder all of the above and cooked together with two times old jaggery. Make pills the size of small karkandu (jujube/ber fruit).
Keep them within the heap of ash (alkali) of muskaka for a week. These pills are like ambrosia when kept in mouth for all throat disorders. [192-194]
Keep them within the heap of ash (alkali) of muskaka for a week. These pills are like ambrosia when kept in mouth for all throat disorders. [192-194]
5. Kalaka- churna:
5. Kalaka- churna:
Powders of Grahadhooma (kitchen Shoot), yavaksara, patha, trikatu, rasanjana, tejohva, triphala, lodhra, citraka and Honey mix all the above together and keep in mouth (slowly sucked) it cures throat disease. This is called as kalaka churna and it alleviates diseases of teeth, mouth and throat. Thus ends the description of kalaka churna. [194-196]
Powders of grahadhooma (kitchen shoot), yavakshara, patha, trikatu, rasanjana, tejohva, triphala, lodhra, chitraka and honey mix all the above together and keep in mouth (slowly sucked) it cures throat disease. This is called as kalaka churna and it alleviates diseases of teeth, mouth and throat. Thus ends the description of kalaka churna. [194-196]
6. Pitaka churna:
6. Pitaka churna:
Powder of manahsila (realgar), yavaksar, haratala (orpiment), saindhava (rock-salt), daruharidra bark mixed alongwith honey and ghee-scum and is kept in the mouth for cure of oral disease. It is known as pitaka-churna, this is an excellent remedy for oral diseases.Thus ends the description of pitaka-churna. [196-198]
Powder of manahshila (realgar), yavakshar, haratala (orpiment), saindhava (rock-salt), daruharidra bark mixed alongwith honey and ghee-scum and is kept in the mouth for cure of oral disease. It is known as pitaka-churna, this is an excellent remedy for oral diseases.Thus ends the description of pitaka-churna. [196-198]
7. Mrdvika, katuka, trikatu, daruharidra bark, triphala, musta and ghee-scum is to be kept in the mouth for diseases of the throat. [198-199]
7. Mridvika, katuka, trikatu, daruharidra bark, triphala, musta and ghee-scum is to be kept in the mouth for diseases of the throat. [198-199]
8. Patha, rasanjana, murva, tejohva and honey kept in the mouth for the treatment of throat diseases. [199-200]
8. Patha, rasanjana, murva, tejohva and honey kept in the mouth for the treatment of throat diseases. [199-200]
9. Katuka, ativisa, patha, daruharidra, musta, indrayava and cow’s urine. Boil together; this decoction is used to cure throat disorders. [201]
9. Katuka, ativisa, patha, daruharidra, musta, indrayava and cow’s urine. Boil together; this decoction is used to cure throat disorders. [201]
12. Treatment of stomatitis:
12. Treatment of stomatitis:
Venesection (rakta mokshana therapy), head -evacuation errhines and purgation therapy, gargling (kavala-graha therapy) with cow’s urine, oil, ghee, honey and milk, similarly another gargle with triphala, patha, mrdvika, tender leaves of jati and honey is helpful in stomatitis. Also mouth should be washed with astringent, bitter and cold decoctions. [204-205]
Venesection (rakta mokshana therapy), head -evacuation errhines and purgation therapy, gargling (kavala-graha therapy) with cow’s urine, oil, ghee, honey and milk, similarly another gargle with triphala, patha, mrdvika, tender leaves of jati and honey is helpful in stomatitis. Also mouth should be washed with astringent, bitter and cold decoctions. [204-205]
Khadiradi Gutika and Khadiradi Taila:
Khadiradi Gutika and Khadiradi Taila:
तुलांखदिरसारस्यद्विगुणामरिमेदसः|
तुलांखदिरसारस्यद्विगुणामरिमेदसः|
Khadiradi gutika:
Khadiradi gutika:
One tula of heartwood of khadira, two tula- [heartwood of] arimeda. The above should be washed and made to a coarse powder and four drone of water should be added. Cook all the above and reduced to one drona. Then strain and heat again slowly till it is thickened to the consistency of paste. To this add one aksha of powder of each chandana, padmaka, usira, manjistha, dhataki, musta, prapaundarika, yasti, twak, ela, kamalakesara, laksa, rasanjana, mamsi, triphala, lodhra, balaka, two types of haridra (haridra and daruharidra), priyangu, ela, samanga, katphala, vaca, yavasa, aguru, pattanga, gairika, anjana. After it is brought down and cooled, and thereafter add one pala each of - lavanga, nakha, kakkola, jatikosa, one kudava of camphor. Then pills should be made and dried. These pills should be kept in the mouth and sucked.
One tula of heartwood of khadira, two tula- [heartwood of] arimeda. The above should be washed and made to a coarse powder and four drone of water should be added. Cook all the above and reduced to one drona. Then strain and heat again slowly till it is thickened to the consistency of paste. To this add one aksha of powder of each chandana, padmaka, ushira, manjishtha, dhataki, musta, prapaundarika, yashti, twak, ela, kamalakeshara, laksha, rasanjana, mamsi, triphala, lodhra, balaka, two types of haridra (haridra and daruharidra), priyangu, ela, samanga, katphala,vaca, yavasa, aguru, pattanga, gairika, anjana. After it is brought down and cooled, and thereafter add one pala each of - lavanga, nakha, kakkola, jatikosha, one kudava of camphor. Then pills should be made and dried. These pills should be kept in the mouth and sucked.
This alleviates looseness, displacement, caries and parasitic infestation of teeth, stomatitis, and foul smell from mouth, stiffness of mouth, anorexia, discharge, coating, sliminess, abnormal voice and dryness of throat. This is a good remedy in all diseases of teeth, mouth and throat. This pill is called as khadiradi gutika. [206-214].
This alleviates looseness, displacement, caries and parasitic infestation of teeth, stomatitis, and foul smell from mouth, stiffness of mouth, anorexia, discharge, coating, sliminess, abnormal voice and dryness of throat. This is a good remedy in all diseases of teeth, mouth and throat. This pill is called as khadiradi gutika. [206-214].
2. Khadiradi taila:
2. Khadiradi taila:
Oil when fortified with above contents it is called as khadiradi tailam.
Oil when fortified with above contents it is called as khadiradi tailam.
Thus, ends the description of khadiradi gutika and khadiradi tailam and here ends the description of the treatment of oral-diseases. [206-214]
Thus, ends the description of khadiradi gutika and khadiradi tailam and here ends the description of the treatment of oral-diseases. [206-214]
Treatment of anorexia:
Treatment of anorexia:
अरुचौकवलग्राहाधूमाःसमुखधावनाः|
अरुचौकवलग्राहाधूमाःसमुखधावनाः|
General Treatment of anorexia:
General Treatment of anorexia:
Kaval graham (gargles/keeping thin paste of drugs in the mouth), dhuma (smoking therapy), mukha dhavana (mouth washes), delicious food and drink, gladdening and consolation is helpful in anorexia. [215]
Kaval graham (gargles/keeping thin paste of drugs in the mouth), dhuma (smoking therapy), mukha dhavana (mouth washes), delicious food and drink, gladdening and consolation is helpful in anorexia. [215]
Gargle to be used for vatika type anorexia:
Gargle to be used for vatika type anorexia:
Gargles prepared from kustha, sauvarcala, jiraka, sarkara, marica, bida, oil, and honey. [216]
Gargles prepared from kustha, sauvarchala, jiraka, sharkara, maricha, bida, oil, and honey. [216]
Gargle to be used for paittika anorexia:
Gargle to be used for paittika anorexia:
Gargle of amalaki/dhatri, ela, padmaka, usira, pippali, utpala, chandana, oil and honey. [216]
Gargle of amalaki/dhatri, ela, padmaka, usira, pippali, utpala, chandana, oil and honey. [216]
Gargle to be used for kaphaja anorexia:
Gargle to be used for kaphaja anorexia:
Gargle of lodhra, tejovati, haritaki, trikatu, yavaksara, oil and honey. [217]
Gargle of lodhra, tejovati, haritaki, trikatu, yavakshara, oil and honey. [217]
Gargle to be used in tri-doshic/sannipatika anorexia:
Gargle to be used in tri-doshic/sannipatika anorexia:
Fresh juice of pomengranate, jiraka, sarkara, oil and honey. [218]
Fresh juice of pomengranate, jiraka, sarkara, oil and honey. [218]
Karavyadi-yoga:
Karavyadi-yoga:
karavi, marica, jiraka, draksa, vrksamla, dadima, sauvarcala, jaggery and honey. This [gargle] cures all types of anorexia. [219]
karavi, maricha, jiraka, draksha, vrikshamla, dadima, sauvarchala, jaggery and honey. This [gargle] cures all types of anorexia. [219]
General treatment of vatika anorexia:
General treatment of vatika anorexia is
medicated enema.
General treatment of paittika anorexia:
General treatment of paittika anorexia is purgation therapy.
General Treatment of kaphaja anorexia is medicated emesis therapy.
General Treatment of kaphaja anorexia:
General treatment of psychological anorexia:
General treatment of psychic anorexia:
Delicious favorite foods pleasing the heart, gladdening the patient should be given.
Delicious favorite foods pleasing the heart, gladdening the patient should be given.
Thus ends the description of the treatment of arochaka (anorexia). [220]
Thus ends the description of the treatment of arochaka (anorexia). [220]
General treatment of ear diseases:
General treatment of ear diseases:
Vata alleviating treatment on the line listed under pinasa (vatika type of rhinitis) to be applied such as anointing, drops and snuffing as prescribed for pinasa.
Treatment of suppuration and discharge:
Treatment of suppuration and discharge:
Surgical measures/treatment prescribed for vrana (ulcer) should be adopted. Diet and ear drop should be used depending upon the doṣha involvement. [221]
Surgical measures/treatment prescribed for vrana (ulcer) should be adopted. Diet and ear drop should be used depending upon the dosha involvement. [221]
Specific formulas for ear disease:
Specific formulas for ear disease:
1. Hingvadi taila:
1. Hingvadi taila:
Mustard oil, hingu, tumburu, sunthi cooked all together is useful for ear ache. [222]
Mustard oil, hingu, tumburu, sunthi cooked all together is useful for ear ache. [222]
2. Devadarvyadi-taila:
2. Devadarvyadi-taila:
Devadaru, vaca, sunthi, satahva, kustha, rock salt, oil and goat’s urine cooked together cures earache. [223]
Devadaru, vacha, shunthi, shatahva, kushtha, rock salt, oil and goat’s urine cooked together cures earache. [223]
3. Gandha-taila:
3. Gandha-taila:
Cowrie ash (one should collect cowries and burn them in new earthen pot.). This ash should be washed with water (alkaline water is obtained) and paste of- rasanjana, sunthi should be prepared.
Cowrie ash (one should collect cowries and burn them in new earthen pot.). This ash should be washed with water (alkaline water is obtained) and paste of- rasanjana, sunthi should be prepared.
With all the above, perfumed oil should be fortified by cooking together. Ear drop with this medicated oil cures earache. [224-225]
With all the above, perfumed oil should be fortified by cooking together. Ear drop with this medicated oil cures earache. [224-225]
4. Ksara-taila:
4. Kshara-taila:
Ash of dry raddish (dry radish cut into pieces and burnt to prepare ash), oil should be cooked by adding the paste of alkali preparation in total one fourth of quantity of oil of hingu, sunthi, satapuspa, vaca, kustha, devadaru, sigru, rasanjana, sauvarcalalavana, yavaksara, svarjika, audbhida, saindhavalavana, bhurja nodes, bidalavana, musta and 4 times the oil - madhusukta, juice of matulunga, kadali should be added. This ksara taila should be droped into the ear which cures deafness, tinnitus, severe purulent discharge and parasitic infestation of the ear and ear ache. [226-229]
Ash of dry raddish (dry radish cut into pieces and burnt to prepare ash), oil should be cooked by adding the paste of alkali preparation in total one fourth of quantity of oil of hingu, shunthi, shatapushpa, vacha, kushtha, devadaru, shigru, rasanjana, sauvarchala lavana, yavakshara, svarjika, audbhida, saindhava lavana, bhurja nodes, bida lavana, musta and 4 times the oil - madhusukta, juice of matulunga, kadali should be added. This kshara taila should be dropped into the ear which cures deafness, tinnitus, severe purulent discharge and parasitic infestation of the ear and ear ache. [226-229]
Treatment in general of mouth, ear and eyes diseases:
Treatment in general of mouth, ear and eyes diseases:
In case of mouth, ear and eye disorders, the physician should, first evaluate strength and weakness of doṣha and the season, and thereafter decide the treatment/ therapies described for different types of pinasa (rhinitis). Thus ends the description of treatment of ear diseases. [230]
In case of mouth, ear and eye disorders, the physician should, first evaluate strength and weakness of dosha and the season, and thereafter decide the treatment/ therapies described for different types of pinasa (rhinitis). Thus ends the description of treatment of ear diseases. [230]
Treatment of eye diseases:
Treatment of eye diseases:
उत्पन्नमात्रेतरुणेनेत्ररोगेबिडालकः|
उत्पन्नमात्रेतरुणेनेत्ररोगेबिडालकः|
iti netrarogacikitsA |
iti netrarogacikitsA |
Principles of treatment:
Treatment of critical stage of freshly occurred eye diseases:
Treatment of critical stage of freshly occurred eye diseases:
Bidalaka (it is the application of drugs in paste form on the closed eye lids excluding eye-lashes) relieves burning sensation, mucous discharge, lachrymation, swelling and congestion or redness. [231]
Bidalaka (it is the application of drugs in paste form on the closed eye lids excluding eye-lashes) relieves burning sensation, mucous discharge, lacrymation, swelling and congestion or redness. [231]
Treatment of vatika eye disease:
Treatment of vatika eye disease:
[Stage I, pastes for application on the eyelid]
[Stage I, pastes for application on the eyelid]
1. Sunthi, saindhava, ghee-scum triturated and made a paste also known as “Rasakriya”) is applied as bidalaka
1. Shunthi, saindhava, ghee-scum triturated and made a paste also known as “Rasakriya”) is applied as bidalaka.
2. Honey, saindhava and gairika (red ochre) rubbed together and applied. [232]
2. Honey, saindhava and gairika (red ochre) rubbed together and applied. [232]
The following paste when applied relieves pain:
The following paste when applied relieves pain:
1. Savara lodhra fried in ghee
1. Shavara lodhra fried in ghee
2. Haritaki fried in the ghee. [233]
2. Haritaki fried in the ghee. [233]
Treatment of paittika type eye diseases:
Treatment of paittika type eye diseases:
1. Paste of chandana, ananta, and manjistha is applied.
1. Paste of chandana, ananta, and manjistha is applied.
2. Paste of- padmaka, madhuyasti, mamsi, kaliyaka [234]
2. Paste of- padmaka, madhuyashti, mamsi, kaliyaka [234]
Treatment of kaphaja eye diseases:
Treatment of kaphaja eye diseases:
1. Paste of gairika, saindhava, musta, rocana:
1. Paste of gairika, saindhava, musta, rocana:
2. Paste of priyangu, manah-sila (realgar) and honey. [235]
2. Paste of priyangu, manah-sila (realgar) and honey. [235]
Treatment of sannipataj eye diseases:
Treatment of sannipataja eye diseases:
Paste made with all the above mentioned drugs.
Paste made with all the above mentioned drugs.
While application of the paste over the eye lids, the eye-lashes should not be touched. When the disease is matured, collyrium [anjana] may be applied [into the eye] every third day without touching the eyelids. [236]
While application of the paste over the eye lids, the eye-lashes should not be touched. When the disease is matured, collyrium [anjana] may be applied [into the eye] every third day without touching the eyelids. [236]
Ashchyotana - eye douche formulas for eye diseases:
Eye drop for vatika eye disease:
Eye drop for vatika eye disease:
Decoction is prepared of bilvadi (brihat pancamula- bilva, syonaka, gambhari, patala and ganikarnika), eranda, tarkari, brhati, madhusigru and water. Use it as eye drops while warm. [237]
Decoction is prepared of bilvadi (brihat pancamula- bilva, syonaka, gambhari, patala and ganikarnika), eranda, tarkari, brhati, madhushigru and water. Use it as eye drops while warm. [237]
Eye drop for paittika eye disease:
Eye drop for paittika eye disease:
Decoction is prepared with prthivka, daruharidra, manjistha, laksha, two types of madhuka, utpala and water and sugar. Use it as eye drop at cold temperature. Eye drop pacifies rakta and pitta disease
Decoction is prepared with prthivka, daruharidra, manjistha, laksha, two types of madhuka, utpala and water and sugar. Use it as eye drop at cold temperature. Eye drop pacifies rakta and pitta disease.
[238]
[238]
Eye drop for kaphaja disease:
Eye drop for kaphaja disease:
Decoction of sunthi, triphala, musta, nimba, vasa and water used when warm as eye drop is beneficial.
Decoction of shunthi, triphala, musta, nimba, vasa and water used when warm as eye drop is beneficial.
Eye drops in sannipatika eye disease:
Eye drops in sannipatika eye disease:
All the above formulations mixed together should be used. [239]
All the above formulations mixed together should be used. [239]
Varti (medicated bougies) in vatika eye diseases:
Varti (medicated bougies) in vatika eye diseases:
Brahatyadi-varti:
Brahatyadi-varti:
Pound the herbs such as Brhati, root- bark of eranda, sigru flowers, saindhava lavana and goat’s milk and triturate in milk. Make into a bougie/varti, use of this bougie as paste (after rubbing) alleviates vataja eye diseases. [240]
Pound the herbs such as brhati, root- bark of eranda, shigru flowers, saindhava lavana and goat’s milk and triturate in milk. Make into a bougie/varti, use of this bougie as paste (after rubbing) alleviates vataja eye diseases. [240]
Varti in paittika eye diseases:
Varti in paittika eye diseases:
Sumanahkoradi-varti:
Sumanahkoradi-varti:
Varti for kaphaja eye diseases:
Varti for kaphaja eye diseases:
Saindhavadi-varti:
Saindhavadi-varti:
Saindhava lavana, triphala, trikatu, sankhanabhi, samudraphena, saileyaka, sarja (rasa). Make the above into a bougie it cures kaphaja eye disease. [242]
Saindhava lavana, triphala, trikatu, sankhanabhi, samudraphena, shaileyaka, sarja (rasa). Make the above into a bougie it cures kaphaja eye disease. [242]
Varti for tridoshic/sannipatika eye diseases:
Varti for tridoshic/sannipatika eye diseases:
Coarse powder each of guduchi, lotus stem, bilva, patola, goat’s feces, prapaundarika, madhuyasti, daruharidra, kalanusariva in the quantity of eight pala should be washed well and boil them in water and then strain. Reheat till it is thickened. To this add one karsha powder of sweta marica, one pala powder of fresh jati flowers. Make the above into a bougie. Application of this cures sannipatika eye disease and also promotes eye-sight. [243-245]
Coarse powder each of guduchi, lotus stem, bilva, patola, goat’s feces, prapaundarika,madhuyashti, daruharidra, kalanusariva in the quantity of eight pala should be washed well and boil them in water and then strain. Reheat till it is thickened. To this add one karsha (12 grams) powder of sweta maricha, one pala powder of fresh jati flowers. Make the above into a bougie. Application of this cures sannipatika eye disease and also promotes eye-sight. [243-245]
Formulae for other eye diseases:
1. Shankhadi-varti:
1. Shankhadi-varti:
Varti (bougie) prepared of sankha bhasma, pravala bhasma, vaidurya pisti, lauha bhasma (iron), tamra bhasma (copper), bhasma of the bone of plava (pelican- bird called prasevaka-gala), srotonjana and sveta- maricha cures all types of eye diseases. [246]
Varti (bougie) prepared of sankha bhasma, pravala bhasma, vaidurya pishti, lauha bhasma (iron), tamra bhasma (copper), bhasma of the bone of plava (pelican- bird called prasevaka-gala), srotonjana and sveta- maricha cures all types of eye diseases. [246]
2. churnanjana:
2. Churnanjana:
Half sana of maricha (Black pepper fruit – piper nigrum), two sana of pippali – Piper longum, and samudra-phena, half sana of saindhava lavana, nine sana of sauviranjana should be triturated and made to a fine powder during chitra constellation. This powder collyrium is beneficial in itching, cataract and kaphaja eye diseases and eliminates impurities. [247-248]
Half shana ( 1 shana = 3 grams) of maricha (Black pepper fruit – piper nigrum), two shana of pippali – Piper longum, and samudra-phena, half shana of saindhava lavana, nine shana of sauviranjana should be triturated and made to a fine powder during chitra constellation.This powder collyrium is beneficial in itching, cataract and kaphaja eye diseases and eliminates impurities. [247-248]
3. Seeds of ela (Cardamom-Elattaria cardamom), goat’s urine (dip the cardamom in the urine for three days), let the cardamom be well-impregnated and dried and made to a powder.
3. Seeds of ela (Cardamom-Elattaria cardamom), goat’s urine (dip the cardamom in the urine for three days), let the cardamom be well-impregnated and dried and made to a powder.
Application of this powder in the form of collyrium cures timira (a type of cataract), krimi (parasitic infestation), patala (another type of cataract) and discharge of mucoid matter from the eyes. [249]
Application of this powder in the form of collyrium cures timira (a type of cataract), krimi (parasitic infestation), patala (another type of cataract) and discharge of mucoid matter from the eyes. [249]
4. Sauviranjana, tuttha, tapya-dhātu (maksika), manahshila, caksusya (variety of kulattha), madhuka (Licorice – Glycyrrhiza glabra), loha bhasma(iron), precious stones, puspanjana, saindhava, tusk of boar, kataka – strychnos potatorum may be used in the form of either powder or varti (bougie) as collyrium which is excellent remedies for timira (Cataract) and such other eye-diseases. [250-251]
4. Sauviranjana, tuttha, tapya-dhatu (maksika), manahshila, chaksushya (variety of kulattha), madhuka (Licorice – Glycyrrhiza glabra), loha bhasma(iron), precious stones, puspanjana, saindhava, tusk of boar, kataka – strychnos potatorum may be used in the form of either powder or varti (bougie) as collyrium which is excellent remedies for timira (Cataract) and such other eye-diseases. [250-251]
5. Sukhavati varti:
5. Sukhavati varti:
Kataka (Strychnos potatorum), shankha, saindhava (rock salt), sunthi, pippali – long pepper fruit, maricha – Black pepper fruit, sugar, samudraphena, rasanjana (aqueous extract of berberis aristata), honey, vidanga – Embelia ribes, manahshila and shell of hen’s egg.
Kataka (Strychnos potatorum), shankha, saindhava (rock salt), shunthi, pippali – long pepper fruit, maricha – Black pepper fruit, sugar, samudraphena, rasanjana (aqueous extract of berberis aristata), honey, vidanga – Embelia ribes, manahshila and shell of hen’s egg.
Varti prepared out of these ingredients alleviates blurred vision, patala (covering), kacha (type of cataract) and putrid discharge from the eyes quickly. Thus, ends the description of sukhavati- varti. [252-253]
Varti prepared out of these ingredients alleviates blurred vision, patala (covering), kacha (type of cataract) and putrid discharge from the eyes quickly. Thus, ends the description of sukhavati- varti. [252-253]
6. Drushtiprada varti:
6. Drushtiprada varti:
Triturate together triphala, crust of hen’s eggs, kasisa, iron powder, nilotpala, vidanga, samudraphena in goat’s milk and impregnate with the same in a copper vessel for 1 week and rolled in the form of varti. This is called as dristi-prada varti. This varti revives vision even in the blind provided the pupils of his eyes have not undergone any physical change or been damaged. Thus ends the prescription of dristi-prada varti. [254-255]
Triturate together triphala, crust of hen’s eggs, kasisa, iron powder, nilotpala, vidanga, samudraphena in goat’s milk and impregnate with the same in a copper vessel for 1 week and rolled in the form of varti. This is called as drishti-prada varti. This varti revives vision even in the blind provided the pupils of his eyes have not undergone any physical change or been damaged. Thus ends the prescription of drishti-prada varti. [254-255]
7. Collyrium for timira:
7. Collyrium for timira:
A wise physician should keep anjana inside the buccal cavity of a dead black snake cobra for one month.Then, after taking it out, one should dry it well and powder it. To this equal quantity of dried buds of jati puspa, half quantity- rock salt/ saindhva is to be added. Mix all the above together made to a fine powder. This is wonderful recipe for the cure of timira (cataract/ blurred vision). [256-257]
A wise physician should keep anjana inside the buccal cavity of a dead black snake cobra for one month.Then, after taking it out, one should dry it well and powder it. To this equal quantity of dried buds of jati puspa, half quantity- rock salt/ saindhava is to be added. Mix all the above together made to a fine powder. This is wonderful recipe for the cure of timira (cataract/ blurred vision). [256-257]
8. Pippalyadi rasakriya:
8. Pippalyadi rasakriya:
Rasa-kriya (thin paste) prepared out of pippali – Piper longum, Juice of kimsuka – Butea monosperma, snake’s fat, saindhva/ rock salt and old ghee cures all types of eye-diseases. [258-259]
Rasa-kriya (thin paste) prepared out of pippali – Piper longum, Juice of kimsuka – Butea monosperma, snake’s fat, saindhva/ rock salt and old ghee cures all types of eye-diseases. [258-259]
Rasakriya (thin paste) prepared of the fat of black snake cobra, honey, the juice of amalaki – phyllanthus emblicais useful in curing all eye-diseases like kaca (Cataract), arbuda (tumor in the eyes) and discharge from the eyes. [259-260]
Rasakriya (thin paste) prepared of the fat of black snake cobra, honey, the juice of amalaki – phyllanthus emblicais useful in curing all eye-diseases like kaca (Cataract), arbuda (tumor in the eyes) and discharge from the eyes. [259-260]
10. Other recipes for eye diseases:
10. Other recipes for eye diseases:
a. The Rasakriya (thin paste) prepared of dhatri, rasanjana (aqueous extract of berberis aristata), honey and ghee cures eye-diseases caused by the vitiation of pitta and rakta (blood), timira (Cataract /blurred vision) and patala (another type of Cataract).
a. The rasakriya (thin paste) prepared of dhatri, rasanjana (aqueous extract of berberis aristata), honey and ghee cures eye-diseases caused by the vitiation of pitta and rakta (blood), timira (cataract /blurred vision) and patala (another type of cataract).
b. One parts each of amalaka, pippali, white maricha, one part of rock salt and honey. This rasakriya alleviates blindness and patala.
b. One parts each of amalaka, pippali, white maricha, one part of rock salt and honey. This rasakriya alleviates blindness and patala.
Thus, ends the description of the treatment of eye diseases. [260 ½ –262½]
Thus, ends the description of the treatment of eye diseases. [260 ½ –262½]
Treatment of baldness and greying of hair:
Treatment of baldness and greying of hair:
खालित्येपलितेवल्यांहरिलोम्निचशोधितम्||२६२||
खालित्येपलितेवल्यांहरिलोम्निचशोधितम्||२६२||
iti khAlityAdicikitsA |
iti khAlityAdicikitsA |
General treatment of balding and greying of hair:
General treatment of alopecia and graying of hair:
In case of khalitya (alopecia), palitya (graying of the hair), vali (appearance of wrinkles over the face) and hari loman (tawny hair), the patient should be managed after elimination/ detoxification therapies in the beginning and thereafter be given nasya (inhalation therapy) with medicated oil, and application of paste of drugs over the head and face. [262 1/2- 263½]
In case of khalitya (alopecia), palitya (graying of the hair), vali (appearance of wrinkles over the face) and hari loman (tawny hair), the patient should be managed after elimination/ detoxification therapies in the beginning and thereafter be given nasya (inhalation therapy) with medicated oil, and application of paste of drugs over the head and face. [262 1/2- 263½]
1. Oils which should be used in treatment of balding and greying of hair:
1. Oils which should be used in treatment of alopecia and graying of hair:
The following snuffs should be used to alleviate baldness and greying of hair:
The following snuffs should be used to alleviate baldness and greying of hair:
Drugs of vidarigandhadi group (vidarigandha—Pueraria tuberosa, shalaparni, prishnaparni, brhati – Solanum indicum, kantakari – Garcinia Morella and goksura – Tribulus terrestris) or jeevaneeya group (vitalizer drugs) (jivaka – Malaxiz acuminata, rsabhaka – Manilkara hexandra, meda – Polygonatum cirrhifolium, maha-meda – Polygonatum verticillatum, kakoli – Fritillaria roylei, mudga – Green gram- parni and masa-parni – Teramnus labialis.) and Oil.
Drugs of vidarigandhadi group (vidarigandha—Pueraria tuberosa, shalaparni, prishnaparni, brihati – Solanum indicum, kantakari – Garcinia Morella and gokshura – Tribulus terrestris) or jeevaneeya group (vitalizer drugs) (jivaka – Malaxiz acuminata, rishabhaka – Manilkara hexandra, meda – Polygonatum cirrhifolium, maha-meda – Polygonatum verticillatum, kakoli – Fritillaria roylei, mudga – Green gram- parni and masha-parni – Teramnus labialis.) and Oil.
Medicated oil is prepared by cooking all above ingredients. Inhalation therapy with these medicated oils or with anu taila cures alopecia and graying of the hair. [263-264]
Medicated oil is prepared by cooking all above ingredients. Inhalation therapy with these medicated oils or with anu taila cures alopecia and graying of the hair. [263-264]
2. One prastha of milk and juice of sahacara – Barleria prionitis, bhrngaraja – Eclipta alba, surasa –Cinnamonum zeylanica, one kudava of oil, one pala paste of yastimadhu – glychrizza glabra is cooked and kept inside a pot of stone or the horn of sheep. Appropriately administered by the physician for inhalation therapy, this medicated oil cures graying of hair. [264-265]
2. One prastha (640 grams) of milk and juice of sahachara – Barleria prionitis, bhrngaraja – Eclipta alba, surasa –Cinnamonum zeylanica, one kudava of oil, one pala paste of yastimadhu – glychrizza glabra is cooked and kept inside a pot of stone or the horn of sheep. Appropriately administered by the physician for inhalation therapy, this medicated oil cures graying of hair. [264-265]
3. Dugdhika – Euphorbia hirta, karavira – Nerium indicumare made to a paste by triturating them with milk. After pulling out gray hairs, the physician should apply this paste over the head of the patient for curing graying of hair. [265-266]
3. Dugdhika – Euphorbia hirta, karavira – Nerium indicumare made to a paste by triturating them with milk. After pulling out gray hairs, the physician should apply this paste over the head of the patient for curing graying of hair. [265-266]
4. One kudava of oil is cooked by adding one prastha of the juice of markava (Bhrngaraja – Eclipta alba) and milk. To this one pala of yastimadhu – Glychriza glabra is added. Administration of this medicated oil for inhalation therapy cures graying of hair. [266 ½- 268½]
4. One kudava of oil is cooked by adding one prastha of the juice of markava (Bhringaraja – Eclipta alba) and milk. To this one pala of yashtimadhu – Glychriza glabra is added. Administration of this medicated oil for inhalation therapy cures graying of hair. [266 ½- 268½]
5. Mahaneela taila:
5. Mahaneela taila:
Paste of ten pala of each of the root of adityavalli and black variety of saireyaka – Barleria prionitis, leaves of surasa – Cinnamonum zeylanica, Black variety of sana – Brassica alba, markava (Bhrnga-Raja – Eclipta alba), kakamaci – Solanum nigrum, yastimadhu –Glycrrhiza glabra and devadaru – Cedrus deodara. Five pala each of pippali – Piper longum, triphala (haritaki–Terminalia chebula, vibhitaka –Terminalia bellerica, amalaki–Phyllanthus emblica), anjana, prapaundarika, manjistha – Rubia cordifolia, lodhra – Symplocos racemose, black variety of aguru – Aquallaria agallocha, Utpala – Nymphaea alba, amrasthi (seeds of Mango –Mangifera indica), krishna – kardama (black mud), mrinala – Lotus stalk, rakta chandana- Pterocapus santalinus Linn. F, Nili – Indigofera tinctoria, seeds of bhallataka – Semecarpus anacardium Linn., Kasisa, Madayantika – Lawsonia alba, somaraji – Psorelea corylifolia, asana – Terminalia crenulata, Sastra Bhasma of Tiksna (type of iron), black variety of pinditaka (Madana –Randia dumetorum), chitraka – Leadword – Plumbago zeylanica, puskara – Inula racemose, arjuna – Terminalia arjuna, kasmarya – Gmelina arborea, fruits of amra – mango – Mangifera indica as well as jambu – Syzmium cumini.
Paste of ten pala of each of the root of adityavalli and black variety of saireyaka – Barleria prionitis, leaves of surasa – Cinnamonum zeylanica, Black variety of sana – Brassica alba, markava (Bhrnga-Raja – Eclipta alba), kakamachi – Solanum nigrum, yastimadhu –Glycrrhiza glabra and devadaru – Cedrus deodara. Five pala each of pippali – Piper longum, triphala (haritaki–Terminalia chebula, vibhitaka –Terminalia bellerica, amalaki–Phyllanthus emblica), anjana, prapaundarika, manjistha – Rubia cordifolia, lodhra – Symplocos racemose, black variety of aguru – Aquallaria agallocha, Utpala – Nymphaea alba, amrasthi (seeds of Mango –Mangifera indica), krishna – kardama (black mud), mrinala – Lotus stalk, rakta chandana- Pterocapus santalinus Linn. F, Nili – Indigofera tinctoria, seeds of bhallataka – Semecarpus anacardium Linn., Kasisa, Madayantika – Lawsonia alba, somaraji – Psorelea corylifolia, asana – Terminalia crenulata, Sastra Bhasma of Tiksna (type of iron), black variety of pinditaka (Madana –Randia dumetorum), chitraka – Leadword – Plumbago zeylanica, puskara – Inula racemose, arjuna – Terminalia arjuna, kasmarya – Gmelina arborea, fruits of amra – mango – Mangifera indica as well as jambu – Syzmium cumini.
Pound all the above ingredients and cooked with one adhaka of oil extracted from the seeds of vibhitaka – Terminalia bellerica, four adhaka of juice of amalaki – Phyllanthus emblica in an iron pot by solar heat till the water is evaporated. This medicated oil is given to a patient whose body is cleansed/ detoxified [by purgation therapy etc], in the form of inhalation therapy or massage over the head.
Pound all the above ingredients and cooked with one adhaka of oil extracted from the seeds of vibhitaka – Terminalia bellerica, four adhaka of juice of amalaki – Phyllanthus emblica in an iron pot by solar heat till the water is evaporated. This medicated oil is given to a patient whose body is cleansed/ detoxified [by purgation therapy etc], in the form of inhalation therapy or massage over the head.
It promotes eye-sight and longevity and cures all the diseases of the head. This is called mahanila taila which is a wonder cure of gray hair. Thus, ends the description of mahanila taila. [268 ½ –276½]
It promotes eye-sight and longevity and cures all the diseases of the head. This is called mahanila taila which is a wonder cure of gray hair.Thus, ends the description of mahanila taila. [268 ½ –276½]
6. Prapaundarikadya taila:
6. Prapaundarikadya taila:
Paste of one karsa each of prapaundarika, yastimadhu – Glycrrhiza glabra, Pippali – Long pepper fruit – Piper longum, chandana – sandalwood – Santalum album and utpala – Nymphaea alba. One kudava of oil and two kudava of the juice of amalaki – Phyllanthus emblica
Paste of one karsa each of prapaundarika, yastimadhu – Glycrrhiza glabra, Pippali – Long pepper fruit – Piper longum, chandana – sandalwood – Santalum album and utpala – Nymphaea alba. One kudava of oil and two kudava of the juice of amalaki – Phyllanthus emblica
Administration of pratimarsa nasya (errhine therapy wherein dose of drops to be put in nostrils is minimum (two drops per nostrils)) quantity and it cures all the diseases of the head. According to Krsnatreya, this therapy is especially useful for curing graying of hair. [276 ½- 278½]
Administration of pratimarsa nasya (errhine therapy wherein dose of drops to be put in nostrils is minimum (two drops per nostrils)) quantity and it cures all the diseases of the head. According to Krsnatreya, this therapy is especially useful for curing graying of hair. [276 ½- 278½]
7. Ointment for tawny hair:
7. Ointment for tawny hair:
Application of the paste prepared of milk, priyala (Buchanania lanzan), yastimadhu – Glycrrchiza glabra, jivaka – Malaxis acuminata, rishabhaka – Manilkara hexandra, meda – Polygonatum cirrhifolium, maha-meda – Polygonatum cirrhifolium, kakoli – Fritillaria roylei, ksira-kakoli, mudgaparni – Phaseolus trilobus, masaparni – Teramnus labialis, jivanti –Leptadenia reticulata, madhuka, honey, tila – Sesame Sesamum indicum) and pippali – Piper longum cures tawny hair. [278 ½- 279½]
Application of the paste prepared of milk, priyala (Buchanania lanzan), yastimadhu – Glycrrchiza glabra, jivaka – Malaxis acuminata, rishabhaka – Manilkara hexandra, meda – Polygonatum cirrhifolium, maha-meda – Polygonatum cirrhifolium, kakoli – Fritillaria roylei, ksira-kakoli, mudgaparni – Phaseolus trilobus, mashaparni – Teramnus labialis, jivanti –Leptadenia reticulata, madhuka, honey, tila – Sesame Sesamum indicum) and pippali – Piper longum cures tawny hair. [278 ½- 279½]
8. Recipe for restoration of hair:
8. Recipe for restoration of hair:
Application of the paste of tila – Sesame (Sesamum indicum), amalaki – Phyllanthus emblica,
Application of the paste of tila – sesame (Sesamum indicum), amalaki – Phyllanthus emblica,
kinjalka, madhuka– Licorice – Glycyrrhiza glabra and honey over the head restores the color of hair, and promotes hair growth. [279 ½- 280½]
kinjalka, madhuka– Licorice – Glycyrrhiza glabra and honey over the head restores the color of hair, and promotes hair growth. [279 ½- 280½]
9. Recipes for dyeing and softening hair:
9. Recipes for dyeing and softening hair:
Lauha powder (bhasma), saindhava lavana, suktamla (sour vinegar) and rice [all taken in equal quantities] to be cooked together. In the morning, the head is washed with the decoction of haritaki – Terminalia chebula, bibhitaka – Terminalia bellerica and amalaki – Phyllanthus emblica to make it free from oily matter and thereafter this paste is applied over the scalp, and kept overnight with this therapy, the hair becomes black and soft.
Lauha powder (bhasma), saindhava lavana, shuktamla (sour vinegar) and rice [all taken in equal quantities] to be cooked together. In the morning, the head is washed with the decoction of haritaki – Terminalia chebula, bibhitaka – Terminalia bellerica and amalaki – Phyllanthus emblica to make it free from oily matter and thereafter this paste is applied over the scalp, and kept overnight with this therapy, the hair becomes black and soft.
Lauha powder (bhasma) triturated with sour articles and trifala is an excellent hair-dye. [280 ½- 2821/3]
Lauha powder (bhasma) triturated with sour articles and triphala is an excellent hair-dye. [280 ½- 2821/3]
Treatment of remaining Shiroroga – head diseases:
Treatment of remaining Shiroroga – head diseases:
Treatment of vatika svara-bheda:
Treatment of vatika svara-bheda:
In vatika svarabheda (hoarseness of voice) medicated ghee is given after the intake of food. Medicated oil prepared by cooking with bala – Country mallow root – Sida cordifolia, etc), rasna (Vanda roxburghi / Pluchea lanceolata) etc), and guduchi – Tinospora cordifolia etc., is administered in four ways viz, pana or drinking, abhyanga – massage, gargle and basti – enema
In vatika svarabheda (hoarseness of voice) medicated ghee is given after the intake of food. Medicated oil prepared by cooking with bala – country mallow root – Sida cordifolia, etc), rasna (Vanda roxburghi / Pluchea lanceolata) etc), and guduchi – Tinospora cordifolia etc., is administered in four ways viz, pana or drinking, abhyanga – massage, gargle and basti – enema
Meat-soup of pea-cock, partridge and cock prepared by cooking with pancamula (Bilva- Aegle marmelos, syonaka – Orchis mascula, gambhari – Gmelina arborea, patala – Ficus microcarpa and ganikarika or medicated milk and medicated ghee prepared by boiling with the meat of peacock or tryusana (sunthi – ginger, pippali – Long pepper fruit and maricha – Black pepper) are beneficial in this condition. [283- 284]
Meat-soup of pea-cock, partridge and cock prepared by cooking with panchamula (Bilva- Aegle marmelos, syonaka – Orchis mascula, gambhari – Gmelina arborea, patala – Ficus microcarpa and ganikarika or medicated milk and medicated ghee prepared by boiling with the meat of peacock or tryushana (shunthi – ginger, pippali – long pepper fruit and maricha – Black pepper) are beneficial in this condition. [283- 284]
Treatment of paittika svara-bheda:
Treatment of paittika svara-bheda:
If svara bheda (hoarseness of voice) is caused due to vitiated blood (raktaja), then the patient is given the meat soup of wild animals added with ghee.
If svara bheda (hoarseness of voice) is caused due to vitiated blood (raktaja), then the patient is given the meat soup of wild animals added with ghee.
The juice of draksha – raisin – Vitis vinifera, vidari (Ipomoea paniculata / Pueraria tuberosa) and sugar- cane added with ghee and sugar.
The juice of draksha – raisin – Vitis vinifera, vidari (Ipomoea paniculata / Pueraria tuberosa) and sugar- cane added with ghee and sugar.
The entire therapeutic measures prescribed for the treatment of ksayaja kasa and of paittika svara bheda alongwith venesection therapy are beneficial in raktaja type svarabheda (hoarseness of voice). [288-289]
The entire therapeutic measures prescribed for the treatment of ksayaja kasa and of paittika svara bheda alongwith venesection therapy are beneficial in raktaja type svarabheda (hoarseness of voice). [288-289]
Treatment of sannipatika svara-bheda:
Treatment of sannipatika svara-bheda:
Svara bheda (hoarseness of voice) caused by sannipata (simultaneous vitiation of all the three doṣha) is treated with all the therapeutic measures prescribed above for the vatika, paittika and kaphaja, except vensection therapy (siravyadha). Thus, in brief, the treatment of svara-bheda is described.
Svara bheda (hoarseness of voice) caused by sannipata (simultaneous vitiation of all the three dosha) is treated with all the therapeutic measures prescribed above for the vatika, paittika and kaphaja, except vensection therapy (siravyadha). Thus, in brief, the treatment of svara-bheda is described.
This ends the description of the treatment of svara-bheda (hoarseness of voice). [290]
This ends the description of the treatment of svara-bheda (hoarseness of voice). [290]
Summary:
भवन्तिचात्र-
भवन्तिचात्र-
वातपित्तकफानॄणांबस्तिहृन्मूर्धसंश्रयाः|
वातपित्तकफानॄणांबस्तिहृन्मूर्धसंश्रयाः|
tasmAttatsthAnasAmIpyAddhartavyA vamanAdibhiH ||291||
tasmAttatsthAnasAmIpyAddhartavyA vamanAdibhiH ||291||
To Sum Up,
To Sum Up,
In human beings, vāta, pitta and kapha are located in the basti (region of the urinary bladder, i.e Pelvic region), heart (cardiac region) and murdha (head) respectively therefore, the morbid matter located in these places is eliminated from the nearby region appropriately by emetic therapy etc [291]
In human beings, vata, pitta and kapha are located in the basti (region of the urinary bladder, i.e pelvic region), heart (cardiac region) and murdha (head) respectively therefore, the morbid matter located in these places is eliminated from the nearby region appropriately by emetic therapy etc. [291]
Micro- cosm and macro- cosm:
Micro- cosm and macro- cosm:
अध्यात्मलोकोवाताद्यैर्लोकोवातरवीन्दुभिः|
अध्यात्मलोकोवाताद्यैर्लोकोवातरवीन्दुभिः|
pIDyate dhAryate caiva vikRutAvikRutaistathA ||292||
pIDyate dhAryate caiva vikRutAvikRutaistathA ||292||
As the Loka (macro-cosm) is afflicted or maintained respectively by the morbidity and normal state of the wind, sun and moon, so also the adhyatma-loka (sentient world or micro-cosm) is either afflicted or maintained respectively by the morbidity and normal state of vayu, pitta and kapha. [292]
As the Loka (macro-cosm) is afflicted or maintained respectively by the morbidity and normal state of the wind, sun and moon, so also the adhyatma-loka (sentient world or micro-cosm) is either afflicted or maintained respectively by the morbidity and normal state of vayu, pitta and kapha. [292]
Harmony among the doṣha:
Harmony among the dosha:
विरुद्धैरपिनत्वेतेगुणैर्घ्नन्तिपरस्परम्|
विरुद्धैरपिनत्वेतेगुणैर्घ्नन्तिपरस्परम्|
दोषाःसहजसात्म्यत्वाद्विषंघोरमहीनिव||२९३||
दोषाःसहजसात्म्यत्वाद्विषंघोरमहीनिव||२९३||
doShAH sahajasAtmyatvAdviShaM ghoramahIniva ||293||
doShAH sahajasAtmyatvAdviShaM ghoramahIniva ||293||
The doṣha viz, vayu, pitta and kapha never destroy each other inspite of having contradictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their sahaja- satmya (natural wholesome disposition of coexistence), as even fatal poison does not effect snakes [293].
The dosha viz, vayu, pitta and kapha never destroy each other inspite of having contradictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their sahaja- satmya (natural wholesome disposition of coexistence), as even fatal poison does not effect snakes [293].
To, Sum Up
To, Sum Up
trimarmajAnAM rogANAM nidAnAkRutibheShajam |
trimarmajAnAM rogANAM nidAnAkRutibheShajam |
vistareNa pRuthagdiShTaM trimarmIye cikitsite ||294||
vistareNa pRuthagdiShTaM trimarmIye cikitsite ||294||
In this chapter on “the Treatment of diseases of the Three Vital Organs”, the etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment of the individual diseases afflicting the three vital organs of the body are described in detail.
In this chapter on “the Treatment of diseases of the Three Vital Organs”, the etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment of the individual diseases afflicting the three vital organs of the body are described in detail.[294]
इत्यग्निवेशकृतेतन्त्रेचरकप्रतिसंस्कृतेऽप्राप्तेदृढबलसम्पूरितेचिकित्सास्थानेत्रिमर्मीयचिकित्सितंनामषड्विंशोऽध्यायः||२६||
इत्यग्निवेशकृतेतन्त्रेचरकप्रतिसंस्कृतेऽप्राप्तेदृढबलसम्पूरितेचिकित्सास्थानेत्रिमर्मीयचिकित्सितंनामषड्विंशोऽध्यायः||२६||
ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute~aprApte dRuDhabalasampUrite cikitsAsthAne trimarmIyacikitsitaM nAma ShaDviMsho~adhyAyaH ||26||
ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute~aprApte dRuDhabalasampUrite cikitsAsthAne trimarmIyacikitsitaM nAma ShaDviMsho~adhyAyaH ||26||
Thus, ends the 26th chapter of cikitsā sthana section dealing with the treatment of diseases of the three vital organs in Agnivesha’s work as redacted by Charaka, and supplemented by Drudhabala.
Thus, ends the 26th chapter of cikitsā sthana section dealing with the treatment of diseases of the three vital organs in Agnivesha’s work as redacted by Charaka, and supplemented by Drudhabala.
Tattva Vimarsha:
• There are one hundred and seven vital points called marma in the body which are junc-tures of body components and prana (life force) resides in them. Among the ten pra-nayatana, three marma i.e., shira, hridaya and basti are important.
• If dosha affect these three marma, they will have impact on the prana. Hence their pro-tection is crucial for preservation of health and management of disorders.
• Udavarta means abnormal upward frequent movement of vata dosha. Commonly this condition is caused by suppression of natural urges and vata aggravating factors. Uda-varta hampers digestion and metabolism at micro channels. This leads to accumulation of the toxic elements to cause various diseases.
• Vata dosha can be aggravated due to its own causes or due to obstruction by other two vitiated dosha.
• In udavarta, the pathogenesis takes place at pakvashaya (colon) and apana vata is ag-gravated to turn into opposite movements. The apana can cause various disorders after affecting the sites.
• Anulomana ( treatment leading to normal movement of vata) is the principle of treat-ment in udavarta. This includes therapies for pacification of vata and removing obstruc-tion in its movement.
• In vata predominance, the enema added with sour, salty and oily medicines is adminis-tered. In pitta predominance, the enema added with milk is administered. In Kapha pre-dominance, the enema added with urine (cow’s urine) is administered.
• The management of udavarta depends upon condition of dosha vitiation and its clinical presentation in patient. Excess unctuousness is treated with dryness and vice versa.
• Emesis therapy, langhana (fasting therapy) and pachana (carminatives) are advised in sama dosha located in upper part of abdomen.
• Castor oil is an excellent remedy for obstruction caused by excess fat, kapha, pitta and rakta.
• Diet and lifestyle factors along with vitiation of annavaha srotasa (gastro-intestinal tract) are important causative factors for vitiation of dosha in urinary system disorders. This is caused when the vitiated dosha located in urinary bladder, kidney and urinary system.
• When the aggravated vata dries up semen and urine along with pitta and kapha which is located in urinary bladder the calculus is formed. The clinical presentation and compo-sition of ashmari (calculus) depends upon vitiation of dosha.
• The treatment of ashmari includes massage, unctuous and non-unctuous medicated en-ema, unctuous poultice, uttara basti (urethral douche) and sekam (affusion) as well as the diet of soup prepared with dosha alleviating drugs. The main dosha shall be treated first.
• Tikshna(sharply acting) and anulomana(facilitating movement) medicines along with specific procedures like riding fast moving vehicle are administered for breaking, mov-ing and flushing out of calculus.
• Diet, lifestyle and psychological factors are responsible for causing heart diseases. The clinical presentation is based upon vitiation of dosha and accordingly treatment is planned. Langhana, pachana and purification are principles of treatment.
• In addition to the dietary and lifestyle causes, environmental factors like change in weather conditions, temperature are responsible for pratishyaya (rhinitis). Kapha-vata dosha with rasa and rakta dushya are vitiating factors in its pathogenesis.
• In diseases of head, eyes, nose, oral cavity and ears, the treatment of local dosha as well as vitiated dosha is important. Local treatment with generalized treatment is advised.
• The route of administration of drug is the nearest route to site of vitiation of dosha.
• Treatment of arochaka (anorexia) due to psychological factors includes counselling therapy and harshana (happiness) therapy.
• In human beings, vata, pitta and kapha are located in the basti (region of the urinary bladder, i.e pelvic region), heart (cardiac region) and murdha (head) respectively. The treatment of dosha located in these places is administered from the nearby region appro-priately by medicated enema, purgation and emetic therapy respectively.
• As the loka (macro-cosm) is afflicted or maintained respectively by the morbidity and normal state of the wind, sun and moon, so also the adhyatma-loka (sentient world or micro-cosm) is either afflicted or maintained respectively by the morbidity and normal state of vayu, pitta and kapha.
• The dosha viz. vayu, pitta and kapha never destroy each other in spite of having contra-dictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their sa-haja- satmya (natural wholesome disposition of coexistence).
Vidhi Vimarsha:
Vidhi vimarsha:
Understanding concept of udavarta:
Udavarta involves obstruction to movement of vata leading to its vitiation and vimarga-gamana (movement in improper direction). The vitiated vata then locates to various sites and produces diseases at that site. The basic pathogenesis of udavarta takes place at pakvashaya (colon). Ap-ana vata is vitiated due to excess consumption of astringent, bitter and pungent, dried food items, suppression of natural urges, starvation and excess sexual intercourse. The vitiated apana itself obstructs its own functions and produces retention of feces, flatus and urine in pelvic re-gion. These events occur frequently to cause udavarta.
This leads to increased intra-abdominal pressure, hampering functions of various organs. This results in frequent severe pain in urinary bladder, cardiac region, pelvis, flanks, back region, abdominal distension, nausea, fissure in ano, pricking pain, indigestion, cystitis, constipation, dryness, hardness in stool and delayed passage of stools.
These pathological events produce various disorders of vata at various sites.
Therefore, management is targeted to remove the apana sanga by vitiated apana. Pacification of apana by various unctuous and purification enema, massage, fomentation therapies is indi-cated.
Anulomona (carminatives) for proper movement of vata and anal suppositories are indicated to facilitate the action of vata in pelvic region.
Therapeutic purgation with castor oil with proper concoction is prescribed to remove obstruc-tion by excess meda, kapha, pitta and rakta. Obstruction by fat and excess unctuous substances indicates pathogenesis of dyslipidemia causing atherosclerosis and cerebro-vascular disease. This is dealt in more detail in context of pakshaghata in vata vyadhi chapter.
Examination: Clinical examination of palpation of abdomen for distension, assessment of ob-struction and per rectal examination is done.
Investigations: Ultra sonography of abdomen and pelvis can reveal the exact nature of obstruc-tion.
Treatment:
Disease specific therapy: 1. Niruha (enema with decoction for purification) 2. Anuvasana (unc-tuous enema) 3. Anulomana (carminative) 4. Varti (wicks/suppositories)
Important medicines: 1. Haratala 2. Kuchala 3. Haritaki
Medicines for oral intake:
Type Name Dose Time Anupana
1. Vata nirodhaja 1. Agnitundi rasa
125-250 mg
Before meals two time Hot water
2. Vishat-induka vati 250-500 mg Before meals two time Hot water
2.Purisha ni-rodhaja Vishatinduka vati 250-500 mg
Before meals two time Hot water
Aarogya kshara 250-500 mg
Before meals two time Hot water
3. Mutra nirodhaja Gokshuradi mixture 125-250 mg Before meals two time Ushirasava
Surya kshara 125-250 mg Before meals two time Water
Panchakarma therapies:
Type Name Dose Time Anupana
Virechana Castor oil 10-40 ml Morning empty stomach one time lukewarm wa-ter/milk/soup
Virechana de-coction 20-40 ml Morning empty stomach one time -
Stramsana Stramsana churna 500-1500 mg At night before sleep one time lukewarm wa-ter/milk/soup
Anulomana Gomutra haritaki 500-1500 mg Before meals two times lukewarm water
Gandharva haritaki 500-1500 mg Before meals two times lukewarm water
Abhayarishta 10-20 ml Before meals two times lukewarm water
Niruha basti Dashmulika niruha -- -- --
Anuvasana basti Sahachara taila 20-50 ml -- --
Varti Phala varti -- -- --
External applications:
Massage with sesame oil, fomentation with atasi upanaha(poultice)
Researches done on trimarmiya chapter:
1. Mohanlal P.K. (1976): A study on Tri-marma W.S.R. to Hridaya, , Trivandrum
2. Thakare S.S. (1992): Charakokta Trimarmo mein Basti marma ka rachanatmaka Visihesh Adhayana. , Nagpur
3. Waghmare S.S. (2003): Charaka samhita varnita trimarmi paiki Hridaya Marma cha itar samhitatil sthana va tya babat vivechanatkaka rugna adhyanana, R K T. Ayurveda Maha-vidhyalaya, Akola
4. Chirag Goradiya, (2006): An applied aspect of Trimarmiya Adhyaya (Charak Chikitsa 26 and Siddhi 9) wsr to Mutraukasada, Jamnagar.
Research work done on udavarta:
5. Devhitka M.H. (1966) & Upadhyay (1967): Udavarta Ek Adhyayana, department of Basic Principles, Jamnagar.
6. Sharma O.P. (1975): Udavarta Roga Evam Sukumara-Kumara Ghrita, Department of Kayachikitsa, Jaipur.
7. Siddiqui M.A. (1985): Udavarta Evam Us Par Hingvadi Churna Ka Prayoga, Department of Kayachikitsa, Raipur.
8. Sharma B.N. (1987): Pureesha Nirodhaja Udavarta, Department of Kayachikitsa, Jamnagar.
9. Yeole Suresh Marotrao (1993): Udavarta Mein Basti Chikitsa Ek Prayogika Adhyayana, Department of Kayachikitsa, Mumbai.
10. Sheeba (1998) & Prasanna V.N. (1999): Effect of certain indigenous drug on Udavarta, De-partment of Prasuti Tantra and Stri Roga, Trivendrum.
11. Lanjevar Lalita D. (2002): Pureeshaja Udavarta Vyadhi Ka Nidana Panchakatmaka Adhyayana, Department of Roga Vijnana, Nagpur.
Thesis done on other concerned topics:
12. Patankar A.B. (1992): Concept of Pratiloma Vata and practical utility of Anuloma Principle in its management, Department of Basic Principles, Jamnagar.
13. Kachare Prashant P.: Study on conceptual and applied aspect of Apana – Vaigunya w.s.r. to Anaha, Department of Basic Principles, Jamnagar.
14. Patel B.S. (1993): Ayurvedeeya Kriya Shareera Antargata Koshtha Pareekshana evam Vibandha Roga ka Nidana – Chikitsatmaka Adhyayana, Department of Basic Principles, Jamnagar.
15. Chitra S.V. (1998): Drugs acting on Pureeshavaha strotasa w.s.r. to Anulomana, Department of Dravyaguna and Pharmacy, Trivendram.
16. Bhalaghat S. S.: Study of Apana Vayu Dushti Janya Vyadhi and Matra Basti, Department of Kayachikitsa, Gangadhar Shastri Gune Ayu. Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar.
17. Jain M.K. (2001): ‘Apanenavrite Sarva Deepanam Grahi Bheshajam Vatanulomanam’ – yaccha…Department of Basic Principle, Jaipur.
18. Pandey T.N. (1987): Vibandha Roga mein Trivrita evam Yogasana Chikitsa ka Tulanat-maka Adhyayana, Department of Kayachikitsa, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Raipur.
19. Johri Rohit (2004): Standardization of Panchashakara Choorna through laboratory methods and its therapeutic effect on Vibandha (constipation), Department of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Dr. B K R R Govt. Ayu. College, Hyderabad.
Diseases and management of urinary system:
1. Causes:
Difficulty in micturition is caused specifically by excess exertion, sharply acting medicines, wines causing dryness in body, excess coitus and frequent riding on fast moving vehicle. Apart from this eating meat of marshy animals, fishes, frequent over eating, indigestion can cause uri-nary disorders.
Severe depletion of body tissues, direct or indirect trauma to pelvic region can lead to diseases of urinary system.
These causes have role in formation of volume of urine, water- acid-base balance in body. The function of urine is to carry excess kleda (moisture) outside body. Kleda is produced as a bi-product of digestion and micro-cellular metabolism. These specific dietary items can cause dis-equilibrium of kleda leading to impairment of functions of urinary system and its disorders.
Urine formation is function of kapha dosha and is excreted by vata dosha. Therefore, these two dosha are vitiated in cases of urinary disorders.
2. Clinical features:
The clinical features can be examined on the criteria like volume, colour, flow, frequency and turbidity of urine and associated symptoms like pain, burning, heaviness and swelling. The clin-ical features are observed based upon the dominance of dosha in disorders as given in table:
Criteria Vata dominance Pitta dominance Kapha dominance
Volume Less Medium More
Flow Less Medium More
Frequency More Medium More
Colour /turbidity -- Yellow-Red Turbid
Associated com-plaints Severe pain in pelvis, bladder and phallus Burning and pain Heaviness, swelling
Mutrashmari (urinary calculus), mutra sharkara (gravel) and shukrashmari (calculi of dried up semen):
The calculus is formed due to drying of urine or semen by vitiated doshas. This causes obstruc-tion in urination or ejaculation respectively. The clinical features mainly include abdominal pain in lumbar region radiating to back, painful and burning micturition with decreased quanti-ty. In case of semen calculi, painful ejaculation is observed.
Examination: On palpation, tenderness in lumbar region based upon site of ashmari is ob-served.
Investigation: Microscopic examination of urine is done for presence of crystals of calculi and red blood cells. The types of calculi are also asessed . Radiological screening like X-ray and ultra-sonography is done to assess the size, shape and exact location of calculi in urinary sys-tem.
Treatment: 4
1. Mutra kricchra (dysuria):
Disease specific therapies: 1.Sudation 2. Mutra virechana (diuretics) 3. Anulomana (carmina-tives)
Important medicines: 1. Gokshura 2. Shilajatu 3. Parasika yavani 4. Pashanabheda
Medicines for oral intake:
Type Name Dose Time of admin-istration Anupana
Vata dominant Gokshuradi mixture 250-500 mg Between two meals Veeratarvadi kwatha
Surya kshara 250-500 mg Between two meals Veeratarvadi kwatha
Pitta dominant Shatavari –trina panchamula kwatha 20-40 ml Between two meals
Pravala bhasma 125-250 mg After meals two times Haritakyadi kwatha
Shatavari ghee 10-20 ml After meals two times Milk + raw sug-ar
Chandrakala Rasa 125-250 mg Between two meals Milk + raw sug-ar
Kapha dominant Chandraprabha 250-500 mg Between two meals Punarnavasava
Haritakyadhi kwatha 10-20 ml Between two meals
Sharkara (grav-els) Shilabadara churna 250-500 mg Between two meals Milk + raw sug-ar
Panchakarma therapies:
Type Medicine Dose Time Anupana
Vamana Madanaphala yoga 125-500 mg Morning one time Yashtimadhu phanta
Virechana Virechana kashaya 20-40 ml Morning one time --
Stramsana Stramsana churna 250-500 mg At night before sleep Hot water
Niruha Dashamulika niruha 900 ml Morning one time --
External applications:
• Massage with castor oil on lower abdomen and pelvis
• Sudation in the form of sitz bath
Management of urinary calculi: 4
Disease specific therapies: 1. Avagaha sweda (sitz bath) 2. Mutra virechana (diuretics)
Important treatment: 1. Surgery 2. Kusumbha bija 3. Pashana badara
Type Name Dose Time of admin-istration Anupana
Vata dominant Sahachara taila 20-40 drops Before meals two times Milk
Shitivaraka bija 125-250 mg Between meals Viratarvadi kwatha + ya-vakshara
Pitta dominant Shila badara churna 250-500 mg Between meals Milk + raw sug-ar
Shilajatu+ Praval + Vanga bhasma 250-500 mg Between meals Milk + raw sug-ar
Kapha dominant Eranda karkati mula churna 125-200 mg Between meals
Calculi of large size Removal by surgery
Researches on Ashmari:
Place of research : I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar
1. Dr. Parmar B. P. (1978): “Mootraashmari Roga Par Ashmarihara Kwaatha Kaa Pray-oga, Eka Adhyayana”.
2. Dr. Chatterji Rekha (1985): “Role of Punarnavaa in Mootraashmari”.
3. Dr. D. K. Udaya (1989): “Effect of Veeratarvaadi Compound in Mootraashmari w.s.r. to its Etiopathogenesis”.
4. Dr. Mehta J. J. (1990): “Role of indigenous drug compound in the management of Moot-raashmari”.
5. Dr. C. M. Vaghani (1993): “Structures and Functions of Urinary System w.s.r. to Moot-ravaha Srotodushti & its Principle of Management by Aayurvedic Indigenous Com-pound i.e. Ashmarihara Kwaatha”.
6. Dr. Ramesh Chand (1994): “Role of Indigenous Compound in Mootraashmari”. I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar
7. Dr. Vankata Ramaiah (1994): “Role of Shunthyaadi Kwaatha in the Management of Mootraashmari”.
8. Dr. Deepak Kulsreshtha (1996): “Role of Punarnavaadi Compound in the Management of Mootraashmari”.
9. Dr. Dhiraj V. Malaviya (1997): “Role of Badaraashma Pishti in the Management of Mootraashmari”.
10. Dr. Sharma Anil Kumar (2001): “Role of Imaging Techniques in the Diagnosis of Moot-raashmari (Urolithiasis) and Shikhaadi Compound in its Management”.
11. Dr. Shailesh Chovatiya (2004): “Role of Naagaraadi Kashaaya in the Management of Mootraashmari (urolithiasis)”.
12. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Meena (2006): “Experimental and Clinical Evaluation on Nephro-protective and Lithotripsic Activity of Naagaraadi Kashaaya”.
13. Dr. Asim Mandal (2007): “A Comparative Study on Vrikka Samrakshanaatmaka and Ashmarighna Effect of Tilaadi Kshaara and Varunaadi Ghrita (Nephroprotective and Lithotripsic effect)”.
14. Dr. S. K. Gupta (2012): “A clinical & Experimental study of Ashmari and its Manage-ment with Paashaanabhedaadi Ghrita w.s.r. to Urolithiasis”.
15. Dr.Sheetal Kumar Solanki (2013): A comparative clinical evaluation of Ashmarihara Kwaatha & Palaasha Kshaara in the management of Mootraashmari
B. H. U., Varanasi :
16. Gupta S. K. (1995): “Effect of Paashaanabheda (Saxifraga ligulata) in the Management of Ashmari Roga- A Clinical and Experimental Study”.
17. Kumar Vikas (2000): “Effect of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) in the Management of Urolithiasis”.
N.I.A. Jaipur:
18. Chaubisa H. L. (1992): “Mootravaha Srotogata Ashmari Par Varunaadya Lauha Kaa Prabhaavaatmaka Adhyayana”.
19. Chaudhari R. C. (1997): “Mootraashmari Par Aayurvedeeya Aushadhiyon Kaa Prab-haavaatmaka Adhyayana”.
Puri:
20. Sunita Mahapatra (2003): “Management of Mootraashmari (Urinary Calculus) with In-digenous Drugs”.
Causes, prevalence, clinical features and management of diseases of heart:
Causes of heart diseases:
Cardio vascular diseases are considered as major cause of death among non-communicable dis-eases. Faulty diet, lifestyle and stress are etiological factors. Apart from that, iatrogenic factors such as mis-administration of purgation therapy and enema as well as excess use of medicines are enlisted among the causes.
Improper exercise can lead to heart diseases. Indigestion can cause heart diseases. In the hri-daya (heart), the ten dhamani (ten great vessels arising from the heart), prana, apana, manas (mind), buddhi (intellect), chetana (life), mahabhutas (5 fundamental elements) are situated just like spokes to the axle in a wheel.(Cha.Si.9/5) Moreover, heart is the root of rasavaha srotasa, location of vyana vayu, sadhaka pitta and avalambaka kapha. It is also supreme site of con-sciousness and mind. Therefore, any event that affects functions of heart involves all these fac-tors. Heart shall be protected specifically from the psychological miseries. (Cha.Su.30).
Consequences of injury to heart: Injury to the hridaya leads to kasa (cough), shwasa (breath-lessness), balakshaya (weakness), kantha shosha (dryness of throat), klomakarshana (a form of severe chest pain), jihvanirgama (prolapse of tongue), mukhashosha (dryness of mouth), ta-lushosha (dryness of palate), apasmara (epilepsy), unmada (psychosis), pralapa (irrelevant speech), chittanasha (loss of mental integrity) etc. (Cha.Si.9/6)
Clinical features:
The clinical features and diagnosis of sub-type depends upon dosha dominance as follows.
Criteria Vata dominant Pitta dominant Kapha dominant
Feeling in cardiac region Emptiness Burning Heaviness
Heart rate Tachycar-dia/palpitations -- Bradycardia
Rhythm Arrhythmia -- --
Pain Pricking Burning Congestion
Associated features Unconsciousness Fainting, Giddiness, black out, fever Salivation, fever, cough
Mental status Confusion Distress Dullness/Drowsiness
Assessment and diagnosis:
Blood pressure monitoring, electro-cardiograph (ECG), echo-cardiograph, coronary angi-ography are useful in diagnosis and assessment the cardiac status.
Treatment:
Preventive aspect:
Prevention of cardiac diseases can be done by following dietary regulations, lifestyle modifica-tions, panchakarma (body purification therapies), psychotherapies as per dosha dominance in prakriti.
The management emphasizes upon prevention of any obstruction to flow of vata dosha. Facili-tating the movement of vata in its proper direction is the key factor in management of heart dis-eases. The flow of vata with respect to cardiac functions is observed in respiration, digestive processes, nervous conduction, and blood circulation. If there is any obstruction in any of these functions, then cardiac function is affected. Hence the preventive and curative aspect focuses on proper un-obstructed functioning of vata in body.
Management of disease: 4
Disease specific therapies: 1. Pacification of dosha 2. Snehana 3. Swedana
Important medicines: 1. Mruga shringa bhasma 2. Suvarna bhasma 3. Arjuna 4. Aardraka
Type Name Dose Time of admin-istration Anupana
Vata dominant Mriga shringa bhasma mixture 125-250 mg Between meals Honey + ghee
Medicated milk processed with Arjuna
Dashamularishta 10-20 ml Between meals Water
Shaliparni Pot-tali 10-20 ml Between meals Water
Kaphanubandha Karaskara kalpa 250-500 mg After meals Medicated milk processed with Arjuna
Pitta dominant Makshika mix-ture 500-1000 mg Between meals Honey + raw sugar
Swarna shekhara rasa 500-1000 mg Between meals Aamalakavaleha
Kapha dominant Shrungyadi kwa-tha 25-50 ml Between meals --
Kumari Asava mishrana 20-30 ml Between meals Water
Shwasa kuthara mishrana 125-250 mg Between meals Honey
Hemagarbha mishrana 60-120 mg Between meals Honey
Panchakarma therapy:
Type Name Dose Time Anupana
Virechana Virechana kashaya 20-40 ml Morning one time --
Anulomana Haritaki churna 125-250 mg Between meals Honey
Katuki churna 125-250 mg Between meals Sugar + milk
Abhayarishta 10-20 ml Before meals Hot water
Stramsana Stramsana churna 250-500 mg At night Hot water
Niruha basti Dashamulika 900 ml Morning one time --
External applications:
1. Snehana : Eranda sneha
2. Swedana : Atasi upanaha
Causes, prevalence, clinical features and management of diseases of head:
Shiras (head) is the site of the indriyas (the seat of special senses), the srotas (channels) pertain-ing to the conduction of indriya and prana.(Cha.Si.9/5) Moreover, prana vayu and tarpaka kapha are located in head. Aalochaka pitta is specifically located in eyes. All the indriyas are controlled by mind. Hence the co-ordination of mind and senses takes place at head.
Complex structures of brain and spinal cord, roots of nervous system are located in head. All the functions of nervous system are regulated by brain and spinal cord. Twelve cranial nerves are important to be considered in this context.
Consequences of head injury:
Injury to the shiras (head) leads to manyastambha (stiffness of neck), ardita (hemiplegia with facial palsy), chakshuvibhrama (improper movements of eyeball/lesions in sight), moha (a state of confusion), udveshtana (twisting pain in the head), cheshtanasha (loss of body functions), kasa (cough), shwasa (breathlessness), hanugraha (stiffness of jaw), muka (dumbness), gadgada (hoarseness of voice), akshinimilana (ptosis), gandaspandana (twitching in cheek), jrambhana (excessive yawning), lalasrava (dribbling of saliva), svarahani (aphonia), vadana jihmatva (de-viation of face) etc.(Cha.Si.9/6)
All the above diseases are observed due to dysfunction of cranial nerves.
Clinical features:
Clinical features are observed as per dosha dominance and described in the text in kiyanta shi-rasiya, seventeenth chapter of sutra sthana.
Diagnosis and assessment:
Diagnosis of diseases of head is generally based upon history, clinical examination of signs and symptoms of patient. Assessment of frequency, nature and severity of disease are important. Specific investigations are done for each part like eyes, ears and nose. Advanced investigations like Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography scanning, Positron Emission To-mography scans are useful in detecting the space occupying lesions, degenerative pathologies in the brain and spinal cord.
Treatment:
Management of khalitya and palitya (hair loss/alopecia/graying of hair): 4
Type Name Dose Time of admin-istration Anupana
In-dralupta/Khalitya Chyavanaprasha 5-10 grams Morning empty stomach Milk + sugar
Massage with Japa-kusuma oil -- -- --
Massage with Maha neela oil -- -- --
Palitam Hastidanta masi churnam with navanita appli-cation -- -- --
Mahaneela oil massage -- -- --
Bhringaraja oil massage -- -- --
Management of Pratishyaya (rhinitis): 4
Disease specific therapies: 1. Nasya 2. Dhuma (medicated smoke) 3. Shodhana 4. Shamana
Important medicines: 1. Twak (dalachini) 2. Vatsanabha 3. Dhattura
Type Name Dose Time of admin-istration Anupana
Peenasa Samirapannaga rasa 30-120 mg Frequently Honey
Aarogya mish-rana 500-750 mg After meals two times Ghee + milk
Chaturbhuja kalpa 250-500 mg After meals two times Ghee + milk
Shadbindu taila nasya, Apa-marga kshara taila nasya
Nasa paka Pravala bhasma 250-500 mg Between meals Honey
Goghrita nasya
Vata dominant pratishyaya Malla + Naga mishrana 250-500 mg Between meals Honey
Pitta dominant pratishyaya Makshika mish-rana 250-500 mg Between meals Vasavaleha
Kapha dominant pratishyaya Naga guti 60-120 mg Between meals Honey + Ka-nakasava
Glossary:
1. udavarta (उदावर्त- udAvarta): Abnormal condition characterized by retention of feces, urine and flatus, associated with pain and leading to or caused by anti-peristaltic move-ments in the body by vata.
2. pravāhikā (प्रवाहिका- pravAhikA): spurious feeling of the need to evacuate stools with straining.
3. asthilā (अष्ठील AShThIla): stony hard tumour
4. śīta jwara (शीतज्वर- shItajwara) fever with external cold touch.
5. vartiṁ (वर्ति-vartiM): Anal suppository
6. pradhamēt (प्रधमेत्तु - pradhamett): Insufflations- powder is blowed up with the pipe/ tube in to the oleated anal canal
7. prasannā (प्रसन्ना- prasannA): clear top portion of alcohol
8. guḍasīdhu (गुडसीधु –guDasIdhu): wine prepared out of jaggery.
9. dadhimaṇḍa (दधिमण्ड- dadhimaNDa): upper liquid portion of curd/ curd-scum
10. ānāha (आनाह-AnAha): bloated abdomen above navel area
11. bradhna (ब्रध्ना- bradhna): inguinal swelling
12. mūtrakr̥cchra (मूत्रकृच्छ्र- mUtrakRucchra): Dysuria
13. tripuṭ (त्रिपुट्य- tripuT): prismatic i.e. having three layers
14. sēvanī (सेवनी- sevanI): perineum- suture below the pudendum and between two testicles.
15. ccharkarā (च्छर्करा-ccharkarA): Graveluria
16. aṇḍa stabdham (अण्डयोःस्तब्ध aNDa stabdham): stiffness of the testicles
17. drava (द्रव-drava): palpitation/ tachycardia
18. dūyana (दूयन- dUyana): giddiness
19. santrāsa (सन्त्रास- santrAsa): distress
20. stimita (त्स्तिमितं- stimita): timidity of heart
21. vikartikā (विकर्तिका- vikartikA): cutting pain in this chapter it is related to Angina pain
22. pratiśyāya (प्रतिश्याय-pratishyAya): Chronic rhinitis
23. śirōbhitāpa (शिरोभिताshirobhitApa): excessive exposure of head to the heat
24. duṣṭapratiśyāya (duShTapratishyAya): vicious coryza
25. pratīnāha (प्रतीनाह- pratInAha): nasal obstruction
26. parisrava (परिस्रवौ- parisrava): excessive discharge from the nose
27. pūti ghrāṇa (पूतिघ्राण- pUtighrANa) foul smell in nostrils (ozena),
28. apīnasa (अपीनस- apInasa- ) chronic rhinitis
29. nāsāpāka (पाक- nasApAka) inflammation (suppurative rhinitis),
30. nāsāśōtha (शोथा- shotha) swelling (oedematous rhinitis),
31. nāsārbuda (अर्बुद- nasArbuda) growth/nasal tumor,
32. pūyarakta (पूयरक्ताः- pUyaraktA) purulent and sanguineous rhinitis,
33. arūṁṣi (अरूंषि- arUMShi) furunculosis
34. vaisvarya (वैस्वर्ये- vaisvarye): hoarseness of voice
35. śr̥ṅgāṭak (शृङ्गाट- shRu~ggATak): vital spot where the junction of vessels supplying nourishment to eye, nose and ear takes place.
36. avapīḍaka (वपीडकः-avapIDaka): juice extracted after squeezing
37. kavalagrahaḥ - (कवलग्रहः-kavalagrahaH): gargling or holding paste of drugs in mouth.
38. gr̥hadhūmō (गृहधूमो- gRuhadhUmo): Kitchen shoot deposited after burning wood of various plants.
39. Rasakriyā (रसक्रिया-rasakriyA): the decoction of daruharidra when solidified is called rasakriya.
40. biḍālakaḥ (बिडालकः-biDAlakaH): application of drugs in paste form on the closed eye lids excluding eye-lashes.
41. Āścyōtana (आश्च्योतनं- Ashcyotana): eye douche
42. khālityē (खालित्ये- khAlityA): alopecia
43. palitē (पलिते- palite): Graying of the hair
44. Vali (वलि- vali): appearance of wrinkles over the face
45. visūcikā (विसूचिका-visUcikA) diarrhea with pricking pain in abdomen
===''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
===''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===