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<p style="text-align:justify;">The vitiation of stanya leads to dosha vitiation in the child causing range of diseases. Dalhana mentions that the diseases occur due to consumption of vitiated stanya by the child. [Dalhana on Su. Sutra Sthana 1/7/5] The stana roga like stana-vidradhi (abscess), stana-granthi (cyst) predominantly occur after the development of stana or mammary glands according to the Sushrut Samhita. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 10/17, 26, A.H. Chikitsa Sthana 13/28]. </p>
 
<p style="text-align:justify;">The vitiation of stanya leads to dosha vitiation in the child causing range of diseases. Dalhana mentions that the diseases occur due to consumption of vitiated stanya by the child. [Dalhana on Su. Sutra Sthana 1/7/5] The stana roga like stana-vidradhi (abscess), stana-granthi (cyst) predominantly occur after the development of stana or mammary glands according to the Sushrut Samhita. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 10/17, 26, A.H. Chikitsa Sthana 13/28]. </p>
 
=== 1) Dosha vaishamya (disequilibrium of dosha) ===
 
=== 1) Dosha vaishamya (disequilibrium of dosha) ===
<p style="text-align:justify;">As mentioned earlier the pathology or the vitiation of normal physiology of stanya is the main reason behind the occurrence of diseases in the new-born. The basic dosha disequilibrium (vaishamya) can be understood as depletion (kshaya) and increase (vriddhi). It can be summarized in the table given below:(Table No. 1 – types of Vaishamya its features and understanding concerning Stanya)</p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;">As mentioned earlier the pathology or the vitiation of normal physiology of stanya is the main reason behind the occurrence of diseases in the new-born. The basic dosha disequilibrium (vaishamya) can be understood as depletion (kshaya) and increase (vriddhi). It can be summarized in the table given below:</p>
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Types of  Vaishamya'''
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|+ Table No. 1 – Types of vaishamya, its features and understanding concerning stanya
!'''Features'''
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!Types of  Vaishamya
!'''Practical  understanding'''
+
!Features
 +
!Practical  understanding
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Stanya  kshaya (depletion state)'''
 
|'''Stanya  kshaya (depletion state)'''
    
'''(Su.  Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/12)'''
 
'''(Su.  Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/12)'''
|·        Stana  mlanata: Breast appear underdeveloped or emaciated
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|
 
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* Stana  mlanata: Breast appear underdeveloped or emaciated
·        Stanya  alpata: decrease in quantity of breast milk
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* Stanya  alpata: decrease in quantity of breast milk
 
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* Stanya  asambhava:  Lack of production of  breast milk
·        Stanya  asambhava:  Lack of production of  breast milk
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|
|·       This can be correlated with low milk  supply or decrease in the quantity of milk.
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* This can be correlated with low milk  supply or decrease in the quantity of milk.<ref name="ref5"></ref>
 
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* In some cases, complete failure of milk  production can occur as well.
·        In some cases, complete failure of milk  production can occur as well.
   
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Stanya  vriddhi (increased state)'''
 
|'''Stanya  vriddhi (increased state)'''
    
'''(Su.  Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/6)'''
 
'''(Su.  Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/6)'''
|·        Stana  apeenatwa: Overgrowth of stana.
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|
 
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* Stana  apeenatwa: Overgrowth of stana.
·        Stanya  muhurmuhu pravritti: Intermittent, continuous production of  stanya
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* Stanya  muhurmuhu pravritti: Intermittent, continuous production of  stanya
 
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* Toda:  pricking pain at stana region
·        Toda:  pricking pain at stana region
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|
|·       This is correlated to galactorrhea
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* This is correlated to galactorrhea<ref name="ref6"></ref>
 
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* Breast hypertrophy or gigantomachia  can be related with this condition.<ref name="ref7"></ref>
·       Breast hypertrophy or gigantomachia  can be related with this condition.
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* Symptoms of breast abscess or  carcinoma.<ref name="ref8"></ref>
 
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·       Symptoms of breast abscess or  carcinoma.
   
|}
 
|}
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<p style="text-align:justify;">These conditions are often faced by the practitioners and primi mothers during day to day practice. The stanya kshaya or stanya nasha (reduction in amount of stanya- breast milk) is an important condition as it directly affects the growth and development of new born. Acharya Sushruta has provided the detailed explanation regarding the etio-pathology, clinical features and management of this condition. </p>
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<ul style="text-align:justify;">
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<li style="font-weight:bold">Causes of stanya nasha or stanya kshaya (absence of breast milk or low milk supply): <span style="font-weight:normal"><br/>Krodha (anger), shoka (depression/sorrow), avatsalya (resentment) are mentioned as the most important causes of decreased stanya production as per Sushruta. Vagbhata mentions langhana (fasting) and ayasa (over exertion) in addition to above causes. [Su. Sa. Shareera Sthana 10/30, A.H. Uttar Tantra 1/17]</span></li>
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<li style="font-weight:bold">Treatment of stanya kshaya: <span style="font-weight:normal"><br/>It includes the application of basic concepts pertaining to stanyajanana (facilitating the production of Stanya) and stanyashodhana (alleviation of dosha vitiation in stanya). The treatment can be summarized as given below: [Su. Sa. Shareer Sthana 10/30, Cha. Sa. Shareera Sthana 8/57, A.H. Uttara Tantra 1/18]</span></li>
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<ol><li style="font-weight:bold">Saumanasya janana: <span style="font-weight:normal">Creating and maintaining healthy blissful state of mind</span></li>
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<li style="font-weight:bold">Diet (aharaja) protocol: <span style="font-weight:normal">One suffering from depletion (stanya kshaya) should consume the dietary items like, yava (barley), godhuma (wheat), shali (rice), mansa rasa (meat soup), sura (wine). Alcoholic preparations like seedhu  [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 45/175-176, Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 27/179, A.H. Sutra Sthana 5/67], sauveeraka (alcoholic preparation), peenyaka (sesame extract), lashuna (garlic, allium sativum), matsya (fish), ksheera prayoga (milk and dairy products), drava-amla- lavana pradhana ahaara (liquid diet predominantly salty and sour in taste), nishpava (flat beans) (A.H. Sutra Sthana 6/20). Sushruta also mentions masha (black gram), rajamasha (cow peas). (Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 46/34-35) </span></li>
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<li style="font-weight:bold">Medication/aushadha protocol: <span style="font-weight:normal">Use of herbs like kasheruka (Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh.), shrungataka (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.), bisa (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), vidarikanda (Pueraria tuberosa), madhuka (Madhuca longifolia), shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), nalika (Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)), alabu (Chenopodium album), kaalashaaka (Corchorus capsularis).  veerana (Vetiveria Zizanioides), ikshu (Saccharum officinarum), darbha (Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf.), kasha (Saccharum spontaneum) , gundra (Typha angustata) , moolaka (Raphanus sativus L.). [Cha. Sa. Shareera Sthana 8/56]</span></li></ol></ul>
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<p style="text-align:justify;">As mentioned earlier, extensive knowledge and research is available on the lactogenic, galactagogic potential of herbs mentioned in Ayurveda. The dravya like shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), vidari (Pueraria tuberosa), musali (Chlorophytum borivilianum), durva (Cynodon dactylon), haridra (Curcuma longa Linn), musta (Cyperus rotundus), padmaka (Prunus Cerasoides D), guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia). Similarly,  other drugs constituting jeevaniya (A.H. Sutra Sthana 15/5), vidarigandhadi (A.H. Sutra Sthana 15/7), padmakadi gana (A.H. Sutra Sthana 15/41), mustadi gana (A. H. Sutra Sthana 15/42, Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 54-55), vacha-haridradi gana (A. H. Sutra Sthana 15/35-36), vacha-haridradi (Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 38/26-28), kakolyadi gana (Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 38/35-36) have proven potent effect in enhancing the breast milk production.<ref name="ref9"></ref><ref name="ref10"></ref><ref name="ref11"></ref><ref name="ref12"></ref><ref name="ref13"></ref> <br/>Dalhana has also mentioned few treatment modalities like sura (fermented or alcoholic preparations), shali (rice), mansa (meat), goksheer (milk), sharkara (sugar), dadhi (curd), hridya diet in the treatment of stanya kshaya [Dalhana on Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/29-31] <br/>The aparistruta stanya (improper or inadequate expression of breast milk, improper technique of breast feeding), the child can suffer from conditions like kasa (cough), shwasa (breathing difficulties), vami (vomitus) hence breast feeding should be avoided in such conditions. [Su. Sa. Shareera Sthana 10/29]</p>
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=== 2) Treatment of stanya dushti as per Sushruta ===
 
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The rasa dominant in tikta, kashaya, katu and madhura rasa are indicated for this purpose. [Cha. Sa. Shareera Sthana 8/56]