Changes

3,989 bytes added ,  13:43, 21 December 2019
no edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:  +
{{#seo:
 +
|title=Apasmara Nidana
 +
|titlemode=append
 +
|keywords=Apasmara, transient loss of memory, seizure disorders, epilepsy, mind-heart connection, mind-brain connection
 +
|description=Nidana Sthana Chapter 8. Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of seizure disorders
 +
}}
 +
 
<big>'''Nidana Sthana Chapter 8. Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of seizure disorders'''</big>
 
<big>'''Nidana Sthana Chapter 8. Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of seizure disorders'''</big>
   Line 32: Line 39:     
===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===
 
===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
अथातोऽपस्मारनिदानं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||  
 
अथातोऽपस्मारनिदानं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||  
    
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ||२||  
 
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ||२||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
athātō'pasmāranidānaṁ  vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||  
 
athātō'pasmāranidānaṁ  vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||  
Line 44: Line 53:     
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  
 
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  
 +
</div></div>
    
“Now we shall discuss the diagnosis of ''Apasmara''”, said Lord Atreya [1-2]
 
“Now we shall discuss the diagnosis of ''Apasmara''”, said Lord Atreya [1-2]
    
==== Four types of ''apasmara'' ====
 
==== Four types of ''apasmara'' ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
इह खलु चत्वारोऽपस्मारा भवन्ति वातपित्तकफसन्निपातनिमित्ताः ||३||  
 
इह खलु चत्वारोऽपस्मारा भवन्ति वातपित्तकफसन्निपातनिमित्ताः ||३||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
iha khalu catvārō'pasmārā bhavanti vātapittakaphasannipātanimittāḥ||3||  
 
iha khalu catvārō'pasmārā bhavanti vātapittakaphasannipātanimittāḥ||3||  
    
iha khalu catvAro~apasmArA bhavanti vAtapittakaphasannipAtanimittAH||3||
 
iha khalu catvAro~apasmArA bhavanti vAtapittakaphasannipAtanimittAH||3||
 +
</div></div>
    
There are four types of ''apasmara'' caused by ''vata, pitta, kapha'' and ''sannipatika'' (combination of all the three ''doshas'').[3]
 
There are four types of ''apasmara'' caused by ''vata, pitta, kapha'' and ''sannipatika'' (combination of all the three ''doshas'').[3]
 
   
 
   
 
==== Persons prone to ''apasmara'' ====
 
==== Persons prone to ''apasmara'' ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
त एवंविधानां प्राणभृतां क्षिप्रमभिनिर्वर्तन्ते; तद्यथा- रजस्तमोभ्यामुपहतचेतसामुद्भ्रान्तविषमबहुदोषाणां समलविकृतोपहितान्यशुचीन्यभ्यवहारजातानि वैषम्ययुक्तेनोपयोगविधिनोपयुञ्जानानां  
 
त एवंविधानां प्राणभृतां क्षिप्रमभिनिर्वर्तन्ते; तद्यथा- रजस्तमोभ्यामुपहतचेतसामुद्भ्रान्तविषमबहुदोषाणां समलविकृतोपहितान्यशुचीन्यभ्यवहारजातानि वैषम्ययुक्तेनोपयोगविधिनोपयुञ्जानानां  
Line 63: Line 77:  
विषमाः समाचरतामत्युपक्षयाद्वा दोषाः प्रकुपिता:  रजस्तमोभ्यामुपहतचेतसामन्तरात्मनः  श्रेष्ठतममायतनं  हृदयमुपसृत्योपरि तिष्ठन्ते,  
 
विषमाः समाचरतामत्युपक्षयाद्वा दोषाः प्रकुपिता:  रजस्तमोभ्यामुपहतचेतसामन्तरात्मनः  श्रेष्ठतममायतनं  हृदयमुपसृत्योपरि तिष्ठन्ते,  
 
तथेन्द्रियायतनानि च | तत्र चावस्थिताः सन्तो यदा हृदयमिन्द्रियायतनानि चेरिताः कामक्रोधभयलोभमोहहर्षशोकचिन्तोद्वेगादिभिः सहसाऽभिपूरयन्ति, तदा जन्तुरपस्मरति ||४||
 
तथेन्द्रियायतनानि च | तत्र चावस्थिताः सन्तो यदा हृदयमिन्द्रियायतनानि चेरिताः कामक्रोधभयलोभमोहहर्षशोकचिन्तोद्वेगादिभिः सहसाऽभिपूरयन्ति, तदा जन्तुरपस्मरति ||४||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
ta ēvaṁvidhānāṁ prāṇabhr̥tāṁ kṣipramabhinirvartantē; tadyathā- Rajas tamōbhyāmupahatacētasāmudbhrāntaviṣamabahudōṣāṇāṁ  samalavikr̥tōpahitānyaśucīnyabhyavahārajātāni vaiṣamyayuktēnōpayōgavidhinōpayuñjānānāṁ tantraprayōgamapi  
 
ta ēvaṁvidhānāṁ prāṇabhr̥tāṁ kṣipramabhinirvartantē; tadyathā- Rajas tamōbhyāmupahatacētasāmudbhrāntaviṣamabahudōṣāṇāṁ  samalavikr̥tōpahitānyaśucīnyabhyavahārajātāni vaiṣamyayuktēnōpayōgavidhinōpayuñjānānāṁ tantraprayōgamapi  
Line 72: Line 87:  
ca viShamamAcaratAmanyAshca sharIraceShTA viShamAHsamAcaratAmatyupakShayAdvA  doShAH prakupitA rajastamobhyAmupahatacetasAmantarAtmanaHshreShThatamamAyatanaM hRudayamupasRutyopari tiShThante, tathendriyAyatanAni ca|  
 
ca viShamamAcaratAmanyAshca sharIraceShTA viShamAHsamAcaratAmatyupakShayAdvA  doShAH prakupitA rajastamobhyAmupahatacetasAmantarAtmanaHshreShThatamamAyatanaM hRudayamupasRutyopari tiShThante, tathendriyAyatanAni ca|  
 
tatra cAvasthitAH santo yadA hRudayamindriyAyatanAni ceritAHkAmakrodhabhayalobhamohaharShashokacintodvegAdibhiH sahasA~abhipUrayanti, tadAjanturapasmarati||4||
 
tatra cAvasthitAH santo yadA hRudayamindriyAyatanAni ceritAHkAmakrodhabhayalobhamohaharShashokacintodvegAdibhiH sahasA~abhipUrayanti, tadAjanturapasmarati||4||
 +
</div></div>
    
Individuals get quickly afflicted with ''apasmara'' if:  
 
Individuals get quickly afflicted with ''apasmara'' if:  
Line 86: Line 102:  
</div>
 
</div>
 
==== Characteristic features of ''apasmara'' ====
 
==== Characteristic features of ''apasmara'' ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
अपस्मारं पुनः स्मृतिबुद्धिसत्त्वसम्प्लवाद्बीभत्सचेष्टमावस्थिकं तमः प्रवेशमाचक्षते ||५||  
 
अपस्मारं पुनः स्मृतिबुद्धिसत्त्वसम्प्लवाद्बीभत्सचेष्टमावस्थिकं तमः प्रवेशमाचक्षते ||५||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
apasmāraṁ punaḥ smr̥ti buddhi sattva samplavādbībhatsacēṣṭamāvasthikaṁ  tamaḥ pravēśamācakṣatē||5||
 
apasmāraṁ punaḥ smr̥ti buddhi sattva samplavādbībhatsacēṣṭamāvasthikaṁ  tamaḥ pravēśamācakṣatē||5||
    
apasmAraM punaH smRutibuddhisattvasamplavAdbIbhatsaceShTamAvasthikaM tamaHpraveshamAcakShate||5||  
 
apasmAraM punaH smRutibuddhisattvasamplavAdbIbhatsaceShTamAvasthikaM tamaHpraveshamAcakShate||5||  
 +
</div></div>
    
''Apasmara'' is characterized by occasional loss of consciousness associated with aberrant activities (like vomiting of froth and abnormal postures of the body) and behavior, due to perversion of memory, intellect and other psychic faculties. [5]
 
''Apasmara'' is characterized by occasional loss of consciousness associated with aberrant activities (like vomiting of froth and abnormal postures of the body) and behavior, due to perversion of memory, intellect and other psychic faculties. [5]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तस्येमानि पूर्वरूपाणि भवन्ति; तद्यथा- भ्रूव्युदासः सततमक्ष्णोर्वैकृतमशब्दश्रवणंलालासिङ्घाणप्रस्रवणमनन्नाभिलषणमरोचकाविपाकौ हृदयग्रहः कुक्षेराटोपो दौर्बल्यमस्थिभेदोऽङ्गमर्दो मोहस्तमसो दर्शनंमूर्च्छा भ्रमश्चाभीक्ष्णं स्वप्ने च मदनर्तनव्यधनव्यथनवेपनपतनादीनीति ||६||  
 
तस्येमानि पूर्वरूपाणि भवन्ति; तद्यथा- भ्रूव्युदासः सततमक्ष्णोर्वैकृतमशब्दश्रवणंलालासिङ्घाणप्रस्रवणमनन्नाभिलषणमरोचकाविपाकौ हृदयग्रहः कुक्षेराटोपो दौर्बल्यमस्थिभेदोऽङ्गमर्दो मोहस्तमसो दर्शनंमूर्च्छा भ्रमश्चाभीक्ष्णं स्वप्ने च मदनर्तनव्यधनव्यथनवेपनपतनादीनीति ||६||  
    
ततोऽनन्तरमपस्माराभिनिर्वृत्तिरेव ||७||  
 
ततोऽनन्तरमपस्माराभिनिर्वृत्तिरेव ||७||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
tasyēmāni pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- bhrūvyudāsaḥ satatamakṣṇōrvaikr̥tamaśabdaśravaṇaṁ  
 
tasyēmāni pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- bhrūvyudāsaḥ satatamakṣṇōrvaikr̥tamaśabdaśravaṇaṁ  
Line 109: Line 130:     
tato~anantaramapasmArAbhinirvRuttireva||7||  
 
tato~anantaramapasmArAbhinirvRuttireva||7||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Premonitory symptoms of ''apasmara'' include contraction of eyebrows, erratic and constant movement of eyes, auditory hallucinations, excessive salivation, and nasal discharge. There is frequent accompaniment of anorexia, indigestion, and general disinclination towards food, chest congestion, distension of the lower abdomen accompanied with gurgling sound, weakness, cracking pain in bones and malaise, unconsciousness, a feeling of despondency or depression, fainting and giddiness, and frequent dreams of scenes of intoxication, dancing, murdering, aching, shivering and falling. [6]
 
Premonitory symptoms of ''apasmara'' include contraction of eyebrows, erratic and constant movement of eyes, auditory hallucinations, excessive salivation, and nasal discharge. There is frequent accompaniment of anorexia, indigestion, and general disinclination towards food, chest congestion, distension of the lower abdomen accompanied with gurgling sound, weakness, cracking pain in bones and malaise, unconsciousness, a feeling of despondency or depression, fainting and giddiness, and frequent dreams of scenes of intoxication, dancing, murdering, aching, shivering and falling. [6]
Line 117: Line 140:     
===== ''Vata dosha'' dominant ''apasmara'' =====
 
===== ''Vata dosha'' dominant ''apasmara'' =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तत्रेदमपस्मारविशेषविज्ञानं भवति; तद्यथा-  
 
तत्रेदमपस्मारविशेषविज्ञानं भवति; तद्यथा-  
Line 122: Line 146:  
अभीक्ष्णमपस्मरन्तं, क्षणेन  सञ्ज्ञां प्रतिलभमानम्, उत्पिण्डिताक्षम्, असाम्नाविलपन्तम्,  
 
अभीक्ष्णमपस्मरन्तं, क्षणेन  सञ्ज्ञां प्रतिलभमानम्, उत्पिण्डिताक्षम्, असाम्नाविलपन्तम्,  
 
उद्वमन्तं फेनम्, अतीवाध्मातग्रीवम्, आविद्धशिरस्कं, विषमविनताङ्गुलिम्, अनवस्थितपाणिपादम्, अरुणपरुषश्यावनखनयनवदनत्वचम्, अनवस्थितचपलपरुषरूक्षरूपदर्शिनं, वातलानुपशयं, विपरीतोपशयं च वातेनापस्मरन्तं विद्यात् ||८||
 
उद्वमन्तं फेनम्, अतीवाध्मातग्रीवम्, आविद्धशिरस्कं, विषमविनताङ्गुलिम्, अनवस्थितपाणिपादम्, अरुणपरुषश्यावनखनयनवदनत्वचम्, अनवस्थितचपलपरुषरूक्षरूपदर्शिनं, वातलानुपशयं, विपरीतोपशयं च वातेनापस्मरन्तं विद्यात् ||८||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
tatrēdamapasmāraviśēṣavijñānaṁ bhavati;  
 
tatrēdamapasmāraviśēṣavijñānaṁ bhavati;  
Line 135: Line 160:     
abhIkShNamapasmarantaM, kShaNena sa~jj~jAM pratilabhamAnam, utpiNDitAkSham, asAmnA vilapantam, udvamantaM phenam,atIvAdhmAtagrIvam, AviddhashiraskaM, viShamavinatA~ggulim, anavasthitapANipAdam,aruNaparuShashyAvanakhanayanavadanatvacam, anavasthitacapalaparuSharUkSharUpadarshinaM,vAtalAnupashayaM, viparItopashayaM ca vAtenApasmarantaM  vidyAt (1)||8||   
 
abhIkShNamapasmarantaM, kShaNena sa~jj~jAM pratilabhamAnam, utpiNDitAkSham, asAmnA vilapantam, udvamantaM phenam,atIvAdhmAtagrIvam, AviddhashiraskaM, viShamavinatA~ggulim, anavasthitapANipAdam,aruNaparuShashyAvanakhanayanavadanatvacam, anavasthitacapalaparuSharUkSharUpadarshinaM,vAtalAnupashayaM, viparItopashayaM ca vAtenApasmarantaM  vidyAt (1)||8||   
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
More frequent episodes of ''apasmara'', episodes of instant loss of consciousness and regain it quickly, bulging or rolling up of eyes, incoherent speech, frothy vomit, excessive stiffness of neck, drooping of the head to one side, irregular contraction of fingers, unstable upper and lower limbs, redness, dryness and grayish tint in the nails, eyes, face and skin, apparent vision or perception of unstable, fickle, coarse and dry objects, conditions associated with consuming ''vata''-aggravating diets and alleviation of ailments when subjected to ''vata''-pacifying diets.[8-1]
 
More frequent episodes of ''apasmara'', episodes of instant loss of consciousness and regain it quickly, bulging or rolling up of eyes, incoherent speech, frothy vomit, excessive stiffness of neck, drooping of the head to one side, irregular contraction of fingers, unstable upper and lower limbs, redness, dryness and grayish tint in the nails, eyes, face and skin, apparent vision or perception of unstable, fickle, coarse and dry objects, conditions associated with consuming ''vata''-aggravating diets and alleviation of ailments when subjected to ''vata''-pacifying diets.[8-1]
Line 140: Line 167:     
===== ''Pitta''-dominant ''apasmara'' =====
 
===== ''Pitta''-dominant ''apasmara'' =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
अभीक्ष्णमपस्मरन्तं क्षणेन  सञ्ज्ञां प्रतिलभमानम्, अवकूजन्तम्, आस्फालयन्तं भूमिं, हरितहारिद्रताम्रनखनयनवदनत्वचं,रुधिरोक्षितोग्रभैरवादीप्तरुषितरूपदर्शिनं, पित्तलानुपशयं,विपरीतोपशयं च पित्तेनापस्मरन्तं विद्यात् ||८||  
 
अभीक्ष्णमपस्मरन्तं क्षणेन  सञ्ज्ञां प्रतिलभमानम्, अवकूजन्तम्, आस्फालयन्तं भूमिं, हरितहारिद्रताम्रनखनयनवदनत्वचं,रुधिरोक्षितोग्रभैरवादीप्तरुषितरूपदर्शिनं, पित्तलानुपशयं,विपरीतोपशयं च पित्तेनापस्मरन्तं विद्यात् ||८||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
abhīkṣṇamapasmarantaṁ kṣaṇēna sañjñāṁ pratilabhamānam, avakūjantam, āsphālayantaṁ bhūmiṁ, haritahāridratāmranakhanayanavadanatvacaṁ, rudhirōkṣitōgrabhairavādīptaruṣitarūpadarśinaṁ, pittalānupaśayaṁ,viparītōpaśayaṁ ca pittēnāpasmarantaṁ vidyāt (2)||8||
 
abhīkṣṇamapasmarantaṁ kṣaṇēna sañjñāṁ pratilabhamānam, avakūjantam, āsphālayantaṁ bhūmiṁ, haritahāridratāmranakhanayanavadanatvacaṁ, rudhirōkṣitōgrabhairavādīptaruṣitarūpadarśinaṁ, pittalānupaśayaṁ,viparītōpaśayaṁ ca pittēnāpasmarantaṁ vidyāt (2)||8||
    
abhIkShNamapasmarantaM kShaNena sa~jj~jAM pratilabhamAnam, avakUjantam, AsphAlayantaMbhUmiM, haritahAridratAmranakhanayanavadanatvacaM,rudhirokShitograbhairavAdIptaruShitarUpadarshinaM, pittalAnupashayaM,viparItopashayaM capittenApasmarantaM vidyAt (2)||8||  
 
abhIkShNamapasmarantaM kShaNena sa~jj~jAM pratilabhamAnam, avakUjantam, AsphAlayantaMbhUmiM, haritahAridratAmranakhanayanavadanatvacaM,rudhirokShitograbhairavAdIptaruShitarUpadarshinaM, pittalAnupashayaM,viparItopashayaM capittenApasmarantaM vidyAt (2)||8||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Frequent episodes of ''apasmara'', instant loss of consciousness and regaining it quickly, stertorous breathing, abnormal, dragging-like movement, green, yellow or coppery tint of nails, eyes, face and skin, apparent vision or perception of bleeding, terrifying, horrible, burning and angry looking objects, conditions associated with ''pitta''-aggravating diets and alleviation of ailments when subjected to ''pitta''-pacifying diets [8-2]
 
Frequent episodes of ''apasmara'', instant loss of consciousness and regaining it quickly, stertorous breathing, abnormal, dragging-like movement, green, yellow or coppery tint of nails, eyes, face and skin, apparent vision or perception of bleeding, terrifying, horrible, burning and angry looking objects, conditions associated with ''pitta''-aggravating diets and alleviation of ailments when subjected to ''pitta''-pacifying diets [8-2]
Line 151: Line 182:     
===== ''Kapha''-dominant ''apasmara'' =====
 
===== ''Kapha''-dominant ''apasmara'' =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
चिरादपस्मरन्तं, चिराच्च सञ्ज्ञां प्रतिलभमानं, पतन्तम्, अनतिविकृतचेष्टं, लालामुद्वमन्तं, शुक्लनखनयनवदनत्वचं,शुक्लगुरुस्निग्धरूपदर्शिनं, श्लेष्मलानुपशयं, विपरीतोपशयं च श्लेष्मणाऽपस्मर-न्तं विद्यात् ||८||  
 
चिरादपस्मरन्तं, चिराच्च सञ्ज्ञां प्रतिलभमानं, पतन्तम्, अनतिविकृतचेष्टं, लालामुद्वमन्तं, शुक्लनखनयनवदनत्वचं,शुक्लगुरुस्निग्धरूपदर्शिनं, श्लेष्मलानुपशयं, विपरीतोपशयं च श्लेष्मणाऽपस्मर-न्तं विद्यात् ||८||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
cirādapasmarantaṁ, cirācca sañjñāṁ pratilabhamānaṁ, patantam, anativikr̥tacēṣṭaṁ, lālāmudvamantaṁ, śuklanakhanayanavadanatvacaṁ, śuklagurusnigdharūpadarśinaṁ, ślēṣmalānupaśayaṁ, viparītōpaśayaṁ ca ślēṣmaṇā'pasmarantaṁ vidyāt  (3)||8||
 
cirādapasmarantaṁ, cirācca sañjñāṁ pratilabhamānaṁ, patantam, anativikr̥tacēṣṭaṁ, lālāmudvamantaṁ, śuklanakhanayanavadanatvacaṁ, śuklagurusnigdharūpadarśinaṁ, ślēṣmalānupaśayaṁ, viparītōpaśayaṁ ca ślēṣmaṇā'pasmarantaṁ vidyāt  (3)||8||
    
cirAdapasmarantaM, cirAcca sa~jj~jAM pratilabhamAnaM, patantam, anativikRutaceShTaM,lAlAmudvamantaM, shuklanakhanayanavadanatvacaM, shuklagurusnigdharUpadarshinaM,shleShmalAnupashayaM, viparItopashayaM ca shleShmaNA~apasmarantaM vidyAt (3)||8||  
 
cirAdapasmarantaM, cirAcca sa~jj~jAM pratilabhamAnaM, patantam, anativikRutaceShTaM,lAlAmudvamantaM, shuklanakhanayanavadanatvacaM, shuklagurusnigdharUpadarshinaM,shleShmalAnupashayaM, viparItopashayaM ca shleShmaNA~apasmarantaM vidyAt (3)||8||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Less frequent episodes of ''apasmara'', gradual loss and regain of consciousness, frequently falling down, less pronounced abnormalities in movement, dribbling of saliva, whitish discoloration of nails, eyes, face, and skin, apparent vision or perception of white, heavy and unctuous objects, and conditions associated with consuming ''kapha''-aggravating diets and alleviation of ailments when subjected to ''kapha''-pacifying diets [8-3]
 
Less frequent episodes of ''apasmara'', gradual loss and regain of consciousness, frequently falling down, less pronounced abnormalities in movement, dribbling of saliva, whitish discoloration of nails, eyes, face, and skin, apparent vision or perception of white, heavy and unctuous objects, and conditions associated with consuming ''kapha''-aggravating diets and alleviation of ailments when subjected to ''kapha''-pacifying diets [8-3]
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
===== ''Sannipatika apasmara'' with dominance of all ''dosha'' =====
 
===== ''Sannipatika apasmara'' with dominance of all ''dosha'' =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
समवेतसर्वलिङ्गमपस्मारं सान्निपातिकं विद्यात्, तमसाध्यमाचक्षते
 
समवेतसर्वलिङ्गमपस्मारं सान्निपातिकं विद्यात्, तमसाध्यमाचक्षते
 
इति चत्वारोऽपस्मारा व्याख्याताः ||८||  
 
इति चत्वारोऽपस्मारा व्याख्याताः ||८||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
samavētasarvaliṅgamapasmāraṁ sānnipātikaṁ vidyāt, Tamasādhyamācakṣatē ||  
 
samavētasarvaliṅgamapasmāraṁ sānnipātikaṁ vidyāt, Tamasādhyamācakṣatē ||  
Line 172: Line 209:     
iti catvAro~apasmArA vyAkhyAtAH||8||  
 
iti catvAro~apasmArA vyAkhyAtAH||8||  
 +
</div></div>
    
''Sannipatika apasmara'' (caused by the simultaneous vitiation of all the three ''doshas'') shares the symptoms of all the three ''doshas'' (described above). This condition is incurable.  
 
''Sannipatika apasmara'' (caused by the simultaneous vitiation of all the three ''doshas'') shares the symptoms of all the three ''doshas'' (described above). This condition is incurable.  
Line 178: Line 216:     
===== ''Apasmara'' with extrinsic factors =====
 
===== ''Apasmara'' with extrinsic factors =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तेषामागन्तुरनुबन्धो भवत्येव कदाचित्, तमुत्तरकालमुपदेक्ष्यामः |  
 
तेषामागन्तुरनुबन्धो भवत्येव कदाचित्, तमुत्तरकालमुपदेक्ष्यामः |  
    
तस्य विशेषविज्ञानं यथोक्तलिङ्गैर्लिङ्गाधिक्यमदोषलिङ्गानुरूपं च किञ्चित् ||९||  
 
तस्य विशेषविज्ञानं यथोक्तलिङ्गैर्लिङ्गाधिक्यमदोषलिङ्गानुरूपं च किञ्चित् ||९||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
tēṣāmāganturanubandhō bhavatyēva kadācit, tamuttarakālamupadēkṣyāmaḥ|  
 
tēṣāmāganturanubandhō bhavatyēva kadācit, tamuttarakālamupadēkṣyāmaḥ|  
Line 190: Line 230:     
tasya visheShavij~jAnaM yathoktali~ggairli~ggAdhikyamadoShali~ggAnurUpaM ca ki~jcit||9||
 
tasya visheShavij~jAnaM yathoktali~ggairli~ggAdhikyamadoShali~ggAnurUpaM ca ki~jcit||9||
 +
</div></div>
    
Sometimes these conditions are associated with extrinsic causative factors described later (in Cikitsa10:53). The symptoms that manifest in such cases, though, are not the same as those caused by vitiated ''doshas''. [9]
 
Sometimes these conditions are associated with extrinsic causative factors described later (in Cikitsa10:53). The symptoms that manifest in such cases, though, are not the same as those caused by vitiated ''doshas''. [9]
    
==== Management of ''apasmara'' ====
 
==== Management of ''apasmara'' ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
हितान्यपस्मारिभ्यस्तीक्ष्णानि संशोधनान्युपशमनानि च यथास्वं, मन्त्रादीनि चागन्तुसंयोगे ||१०||  
 
हितान्यपस्मारिभ्यस्तीक्ष्णानि संशोधनान्युपशमनानि च यथास्वं, मन्त्रादीनि चागन्तुसंयोगे ||१०||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
hitānyapasmāribhyastīkṣṇāni saṁśōdhanānyupaśamanāni ca yathāsvaṁ, mantrādīni cāgantusaṁyōgē||10||
 
hitānyapasmāribhyastīkṣṇāni saṁśōdhanānyupaśamanāni ca yathāsvaṁ, mantrādīni cāgantusaṁyōgē||10||
    
hitAnyapasmAribhyastIkShNAni saMshodhanAnyupashamanAni ca yathAsvaM, mantrAdInicAgantusaMyoge||10||
 
hitAnyapasmAribhyastIkShNAni saMshodhanAnyupashamanAni ca yathAsvaM, mantrAdInicAgantusaMyoge||10||
 +
</div></div>
    
Strong elimination and alleviation therapies are effective in alleviating and curing ''apasmara''. When extrinsic causative factors are involved, then ''mantras'' etc., are considered useful. [10]
 
Strong elimination and alleviation therapies are effective in alleviating and curing ''apasmara''. When extrinsic causative factors are involved, then ''mantras'' etc., are considered useful. [10]
    
==== Manifestation of various diseases ====
 
==== Manifestation of various diseases ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तस्मिन् हि दक्षाध्वरध्वंसे देहिनां नानादिक्षु विद्रवतामभिद्रवणतरणधावनप्लवनलङ्घनाद्यैर्देहविक्षोभणैः पुरागुल्मोत्पत्तिरभूत्, हविष्प्राशात् प्रमेहकुष्ठानां, भयत्रासशोकैरुन्मादानां,  
 
तस्मिन् हि दक्षाध्वरध्वंसे देहिनां नानादिक्षु विद्रवतामभिद्रवणतरणधावनप्लवनलङ्घनाद्यैर्देहविक्षोभणैः पुरागुल्मोत्पत्तिरभूत्, हविष्प्राशात् प्रमेहकुष्ठानां, भयत्रासशोकैरुन्मादानां,  
 
विविधभूताशुचिसंस्पर्शादपस्माराणां, ज्वरस्तु खलुमहेश्वरललाटप्रभवः  ,  
 
विविधभूताशुचिसंस्पर्शादपस्माराणां, ज्वरस्तु खलुमहेश्वरललाटप्रभवः  ,  
 
तत्सन्तापाद्रक्तपित्तम्, अतिव्यवायात् पुनर्नक्षत्रराजस्य राजयक्ष्मेति ||११||  
 
तत्सन्तापाद्रक्तपित्तम्, अतिव्यवायात् पुनर्नक्षत्रराजस्य राजयक्ष्मेति ||११||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
 +
 
tasmin  hi dakṣādhvaradhvaṁsē  dēhināṁ  nānādikṣu  
 
tasmin  hi dakṣādhvaradhvaṁsē  dēhināṁ  nānādikṣu  
 
vidravatāmabhidravaṇataraṇadhāvanaplavanalaṅghanādyairdēhavikṣōbhaṇaiḥ purā gulmōtpattirabhūt, haviṣprāśāt pramēhakuṣṭhānāṁ,  
 
vidravatāmabhidravaṇataraṇadhāvanaplavanalaṅghanādyairdēhavikṣōbhaṇaiḥ purā gulmōtpattirabhūt, haviṣprāśāt pramēhakuṣṭhānāṁ,  
Line 215: Line 262:     
tasmin hi dakShAdhvaradhvaMse dehinAM nAnAdikShuvidravatAmabhidravaNataraNadhAvanaplavanala~gghanAdyairdehavikShobhaNaiH purAgulmotpattirabhUt, haviShprAshAt pramehakuShThAnAM, bhayatrAsashokairunmAdAnAM,vividhabhUtAshucisaMsparshAdapasmArANAM, jvarastu khalu maheshvaralalATaprabhavaH ,tatsantApAdraktapittam, ativyavAyAt punarnakShatrarAjasya rAjayakShmeti||11||  
 
tasmin hi dakShAdhvaradhvaMse dehinAM nAnAdikShuvidravatAmabhidravaNataraNadhAvanaplavanala~gghanAdyairdehavikShobhaNaiH purAgulmotpattirabhUt, haviShprAshAt pramehakuShThAnAM, bhayatrAsashokairunmAdAnAM,vividhabhUtAshucisaMsparshAdapasmArANAM, jvarastu khalu maheshvaralalATaprabhavaH ,tatsantApAdraktapittam, ativyavAyAt punarnakShatrarAjasya rAjayakShmeti||11||  
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
As per vedic legends, in the aftermath of destruction of Daksha’s ''yajna'' (holy sacrifice), ''gulma'' (disease similar to lumps in abdomen) was manifested first in human beings due to stress induced as a result of fleeing, swimming, running, flying, etc. in all directions. ''Prameha'' (disease of obstinate urinary disorders) and ''kushtha'' (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) were manifested due to excess intake of ghee. Various types of ''unmada'' (insanity/psychosis) were manifested due to fear, apprehension and grief. ''Apasmara'' (epilepsy) set in due to coming in contact with various types of unclean objects. ''Jwara'' came out of the forehead of Lord Shiva, and ''raktapitta'' was manifested (a condition characterized by bleeding from different parts of the body) due to ''jwara''’s heat. Moon was afflicted with ''rajayakshma'' due to excessive sexual indulgence. [11]
 
As per vedic legends, in the aftermath of destruction of Daksha’s ''yajna'' (holy sacrifice), ''gulma'' (disease similar to lumps in abdomen) was manifested first in human beings due to stress induced as a result of fleeing, swimming, running, flying, etc. in all directions. ''Prameha'' (disease of obstinate urinary disorders) and ''kushtha'' (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy) were manifested due to excess intake of ghee. Various types of ''unmada'' (insanity/psychosis) were manifested due to fear, apprehension and grief. ''Apasmara'' (epilepsy) set in due to coming in contact with various types of unclean objects. ''Jwara'' came out of the forehead of Lord Shiva, and ''raktapitta'' was manifested (a condition characterized by bleeding from different parts of the body) due to ''jwara''’s heat. Moon was afflicted with ''rajayakshma'' due to excessive sexual indulgence. [11]
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
==== Summary ====
 
==== Summary ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
भवन्ति चात्र-  
 
भवन्ति चात्र-  
Line 233: Line 283:     
तदा साधारणं कर्म प्रवदन्ति भिषग्विदः ||१४||
 
तदा साधारणं कर्म प्रवदन्ति भिषग्विदः ||१४||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
bhavanti cātra-  
 
bhavanti cātra-  
Line 259: Line 310:     
tadA sAdhAraNaM karma pravadanti bhiShagvidaH||14||
 
tadA sAdhAraNaM karma pravadanti bhiShagvidaH||14||
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
From the preceding verses, it can be said that ''apasmara'' manifests itself due to the vitiation of ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' and ''sannipata'' (combined vitiation of all the three ''doshas''). The ''sannipata'' variation is incurable. [12]
 
From the preceding verses, it can be said that ''apasmara'' manifests itself due to the vitiation of ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' and ''sannipata'' (combined vitiation of all the three ''doshas''). The ''sannipata'' variation is incurable. [12]
Line 266: Line 319:  
When ''apasmara'' is caused by the vitiation of ''doshas'' associated with extrinsic causative factors, then general therapies addressing both (''doshic'' equilibrium and extrinsic causes) are advised by the best of physicians.  [14]
 
When ''apasmara'' is caused by the vitiation of ''doshas'' associated with extrinsic causative factors, then general therapies addressing both (''doshic'' equilibrium and extrinsic causes) are advised by the best of physicians.  [14]
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
 +
 
सर्वरोगविशेषज्ञः सर्वौषधविशारदः|  
 
सर्वरोगविशेषज्ञः सर्वौषधविशारदः|  
    
भिषक् सर्वामयान् हन्ति न च मोहं निगच्छति ||१५||
 
भिषक् सर्वामयान् हन्ति न च मोहं निगच्छति ||१५||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
sarvarōgaviśēṣajñaḥ sarvauṣadhaviśāradaḥ|  
 
sarvarōgaviśēṣajñaḥ sarvauṣadhaviśāradaḥ|  
Line 277: Line 333:     
bhiShak sarvAmayAn hanti na ca mohaM nigacchati ||15||  
 
bhiShak sarvAmayAn hanti na ca mohaM nigacchati ||15||  
 +
</div></div>
    
An able physician, well versed in the specific characteristics of all diseases and the properties of all medicines, cures all (curable) diseases and does not get confused. [15]
 
An able physician, well versed in the specific characteristics of all diseases and the properties of all medicines, cures all (curable) diseases and does not get confused. [15]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
इत्येतदखिलेनोक्तं निदानस्थानमुत्तमम् |१६|  
 
इत्येतदखिलेनोक्तं निदानस्थानमुत्तमम् |१६|  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
ityētadakhilēnōktaṁ nidānasthānamuttamam|16|
 
ityētadakhilēnōktaṁ nidānasthānamuttamam|16|
    
ityetadakhilenoktaM nidAnasthAnamuttamam|16|
 
ityetadakhilenoktaM nidAnasthAnamuttamam|16|
 +
</div></div>
    
This concludes the (excellent section titled) [[Nidana Sthana]]. [16]
 
This concludes the (excellent section titled) [[Nidana Sthana]]. [16]
Line 291: Line 351:     
===== ''Nidanarthakara roga'' (disease specific causes) =====
 
===== ''Nidanarthakara roga'' (disease specific causes) =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
निदानार्थकरो रोगो रोगस्याप्युपलभ्यते ||१६||  
 
निदानार्थकरो रोगो रोगस्याप्युपलभ्यते ||१६||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
nidānārthakarō rōgō rōgasyāpyupalabhyatē||16||  
 
nidānārthakarō rōgō rōgasyāpyupalabhyatē||16||  
    
nidAnArthakaro rogo rogasyApyupalabhyate||16||  
 
nidAnArthakaro rogo rogasyApyupalabhyate||16||  
 +
</div></div>
    
Diseases can act as causative factors of other diseases as well [16]   
 
Diseases can act as causative factors of other diseases as well [16]   
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तद्यथा-  
 
तद्यथा-  
Line 305: Line 369:     
रक्तपित्ताज्ज्वरस्ताभ्यां शोषश्चाप्युपजायते  ||१७||  
 
रक्तपित्ताज्ज्वरस्ताभ्यां शोषश्चाप्युपजायते  ||१७||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
tadyathā-  
 
tadyathā-  
Line 317: Line 382:     
raktapittAjjvarastAbhyAM shoShashcApyupajAyate ||17||
 
raktapittAjjvarastAbhyAM shoShashcApyupajAyate ||17||
 +
</div></div>
    
For example, elevated temperature in ''jwara'' can cause ''raktapitta'' and ''raktapitta'' can cause ''jwara''. Both the diseases (i.e ''jwara'' and ''raktapitta'') may lead to ''shosha'' (depletion of ''dhatus''). [17]  
 
For example, elevated temperature in ''jwara'' can cause ''raktapitta'' and ''raktapitta'' can cause ''jwara''. Both the diseases (i.e ''jwara'' and ''raktapitta'') may lead to ''shosha'' (depletion of ''dhatus''). [17]  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
प्लीहाभिवृद्ध्या जठरं जठराच्छोथ एव च |  
 
प्लीहाभिवृद्ध्या जठरं जठराच्छोथ एव च |  
    
अर्शोभ्यो जठरं दुःखं गुल्मश्चाप्युपजायते ||१८||  
 
अर्शोभ्यो जठरं दुःखं गुल्मश्चाप्युपजायते ||१८||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
plīhābhivr̥ddhyā jaṭharaṁ jaṭharācchōtha ēva ca|  
 
plīhābhivr̥ddhyā jaṭharaṁ jaṭharācchōtha ēva ca|  
Line 331: Line 399:     
arshobhyo jaTharaM duHkhaM gulmashcApyupajAyate||18||
 
arshobhyo jaTharaM duHkhaM gulmashcApyupajAyate||18||
 +
</div></div>
    
''Pleeha'' (enlargement of spleen) causes ''jathara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis), which leads to ''shotha'' (generalized edema). ''Arsha'' (hemorrhoids) causes ''jathara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis) that leads to ''gulma''  (abdominal lumps). [18]
 
''Pleeha'' (enlargement of spleen) causes ''jathara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis), which leads to ''shotha'' (generalized edema). ''Arsha'' (hemorrhoids) causes ''jathara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis) that leads to ''gulma''  (abdominal lumps). [18]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
प्रतिश्यायाद्भवेत् कासः कासात् सञ्जायते क्षयः |  
 
प्रतिश्यायाद्भवेत् कासः कासात् सञ्जायते क्षयः |  
    
क्षयो रोगस्य हेतुत्वे शोषस्याप्युपलभ्यते ||१९||
 
क्षयो रोगस्य हेतुत्वे शोषस्याप्युपलभ्यते ||१९||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
pratiśyāyādbhavēt kāsaḥ kāsāt sañjāyatē kṣayaḥ|  
 
pratiśyāyādbhavēt kāsaḥ kāsāt sañjāyatē kṣayaḥ|  
Line 345: Line 416:     
kShayo rogasya hetutve shoShasyApyupalabhyate||19||
 
kShayo rogasya hetutve shoShasyApyupalabhyate||19||
 +
</div></div>
    
''Pratishyaya'' (rhinitis) leads to ''kasa'' (cough) which further leads to ''kshaya'' (depletion of ''dhatu''), consequently resulting in ''sosha'' (emaciation). [19]
 
''Pratishyaya'' (rhinitis) leads to ''kasa'' (cough) which further leads to ''kshaya'' (depletion of ''dhatu''), consequently resulting in ''sosha'' (emaciation). [19]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
ते पूर्वं केवला रोगाः पश्चाद्धेत्वर्थकारिणः |  
 
ते पूर्वं केवला रोगाः पश्चाद्धेत्वर्थकारिणः |  
    
उभयार्थकरा दृष्टास्तथैवैकार्थकारिणः [१] ||२०||  
 
उभयार्थकरा दृष्टास्तथैवैकार्थकारिणः [१] ||२०||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
tē pūrvaṁ kēvalā rōgāḥ paścāddhētvarthakāriṇaḥ|  
 
tē pūrvaṁ kēvalā rōgāḥ paścāddhētvarthakāriṇaḥ|  
Line 359: Line 433:     
ubhayArthakarA dRuShTAstathaivaikArthakAriNaH ||20||
 
ubhayArthakarA dRuShTAstathaivaikArthakAriNaH ||20||
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Conditions in their primary stages or forms manifest themselves as diseases and subsequently act as causative factors for other diseases. They thus play a dual role - as a disease and as a causative factor. Some of these play just one role as well– either as a disease or as a causative factor. [20]
 
Conditions in their primary stages or forms manifest themselves as diseases and subsequently act as causative factors for other diseases. They thus play a dual role - as a disease and as a causative factor. Some of these play just one role as well– either as a disease or as a causative factor. [20]
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
 +
 
कश्चिद्धि रोगो रोगस्य हेतुर्भूत्वा प्रशाम्यति |  
 
कश्चिद्धि रोगो रोगस्य हेतुर्भूत्वा प्रशाम्यति |  
    
न प्रशाम्यति चाप्यन्यो हेत्वर्थं  कुरुतेऽपि च ||२१||  
 
न प्रशाम्यति चाप्यन्यो हेत्वर्थं  कुरुतेऽपि च ||२१||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
kaściddhi rōgō rōgasya hēturbhūtvā praśāmyati|  
 
kaściddhi rōgō rōgasya hēturbhūtvā praśāmyati|  
Line 373: Line 452:     
na prashAmyati cApyanyo hetvarthaM kurute~api ca ||21||
 
na prashAmyati cApyanyo hetvarthaM kurute~api ca ||21||
 +
</div></div>
    
Some diseases subside after causing another disease, while some do not subside even after causing another disease. [21]
 
Some diseases subside after causing another disease, while some do not subside even after causing another disease. [21]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
एवं कृच्छ्रतमा नॄणां दृश्यन्ते व्याधिसङ्कराः |  
 
एवं कृच्छ्रतमा नॄणां दृश्यन्ते व्याधिसङ्कराः |  
    
प्रयोगापरिशुद्धत्वात्तथा चान्योन्यसम्भवात् ||२२||
 
प्रयोगापरिशुद्धत्वात्तथा चान्योन्यसम्भवात् ||२२||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
ēvaṁ kr̥cchratamā nr̥̄ṇāṁ dr̥śyantē vyādhisaṅkarāḥ|  
 
ēvaṁ kr̥cchratamā nr̥̄ṇāṁ dr̥śyantē vyādhisaṅkarāḥ|  
Line 387: Line 469:     
prayogAparishuddhatvAttathA cAnyonyasambhavAt||22||
 
prayogAparishuddhatvAttathA cAnyonyasambhavAt||22||
 +
</div></div>
    
Combinations of diseases in human beings are usually very difficult to treat, owing to the complexity of the line of treatment, and their serving as causative factors of each other.  [22]
 
Combinations of diseases in human beings are usually very difficult to treat, owing to the complexity of the line of treatment, and their serving as causative factors of each other.  [22]
    
===== Ideal therapy without adverse effects =====
 
===== Ideal therapy without adverse effects =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
प्रयोगः शमयेद्व्याधिं योऽन्यमन्यमुदीरयेत् |  
 
प्रयोगः शमयेद्व्याधिं योऽन्यमन्यमुदीरयेत् |  
    
नासौ विशुद्धः, शुद्धस्तु शमयेद्यो न कोपयेत् ||२३||  
 
नासौ विशुद्धः, शुद्धस्तु शमयेद्यो न कोपयेत् ||२३||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
prayōgaḥ śamayēdvyādhiṁ yō'nyamanyamudīrayēt|  
 
prayōgaḥ śamayēdvyādhiṁ yō'nyamanyamudīrayēt|  
Line 403: Line 488:     
nAsau vishuddhaH, shuddhastu shamayedyo na kopayet||23||
 
nAsau vishuddhaH, shuddhastu shamayedyo na kopayet||23||
 +
</div></div>
    
A therapy that alleviates one disease condition but provokes another disease is not ''shuddha'' (or is an impure or incorrect therapy). The ideal therapy is that which pacifies a disease without provoking any other disease. [23]
 
A therapy that alleviates one disease condition but provokes another disease is not ''shuddha'' (or is an impure or incorrect therapy). The ideal therapy is that which pacifies a disease without provoking any other disease. [23]
    
===== Diagnostic aspect of etiological factors =====
 
===== Diagnostic aspect of etiological factors =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
एको हेतुरनेकस्य तथैकस्यैक एव हि |  
 
एको हेतुरनेकस्य तथैकस्यैक एव हि |  
    
व्याधेरेकस्य चानेको बहूनां बहवोऽपि च ||२४||  
 
व्याधेरेकस्य चानेको बहूनां बहवोऽपि च ||२४||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
ēkō hēturanēkasya tathaikasyaika ēva hi|  
 
ēkō hēturanēkasya tathaikasyaika ēva hi|  
Line 419: Line 507:     
vyAdherekasya cAneko bahUnAM bahavo~api ca||24||
 
vyAdherekasya cAneko bahUnAM bahavo~api ca||24||
 +
</div></div>
    
One causative factor may cause one or many diseases. Many causative factors may result in a single disease or may cause several diseases. [24]  
 
One causative factor may cause one or many diseases. Many causative factors may result in a single disease or may cause several diseases. [24]  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
ज्वरभ्रमप्रलापाद्या दृश्यन्ते रूक्षहेतुजाः |  
 
ज्वरभ्रमप्रलापाद्या दृश्यन्ते रूक्षहेतुजाः |  
    
रूक्षेणैकेन चाप्येको ज्वर एवोपजायते ||२५||  
 
रूक्षेणैकेन चाप्येको ज्वर एवोपजायते ||२५||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
jvarabhramapralāpādyā dr̥śyantē rūkṣahētujāḥ|  
 
jvarabhramapralāpādyā dr̥śyantē rūkṣahētujāḥ|  
Line 433: Line 524:     
rUkSheNaikena cApyeko jvara evopajAyate||25||
 
rUkSheNaikena cApyeko jvara evopajAyate||25||
 +
</div></div>
    
It is seen that a single causative factor, ruksha (dry) can cause many diseases such as ''jwara'' (fever), ''bhrama'' (vertigo) and ''pralapa'' (delirium) etc., while the same single factor (''ruksha'') may cause just one disease (''jwara'') [25]  
 
It is seen that a single causative factor, ruksha (dry) can cause many diseases such as ''jwara'' (fever), ''bhrama'' (vertigo) and ''pralapa'' (delirium) etc., while the same single factor (''ruksha'') may cause just one disease (''jwara'') [25]  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
हेतुभिर्बहुभिश्चैको ज्वरो रूक्षादिभिर्भवेत् |  
 
हेतुभिर्बहुभिश्चैको ज्वरो रूक्षादिभिर्भवेत् |  
    
रूक्षादिभिर्ज्वराद्याश्च व्याधयः सम्भवन्ति हि ||२६||  
 
रूक्षादिभिर्ज्वराद्याश्च व्याधयः सम्भवन्ति हि ||२६||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
hētubhirbahubhiścaikō jvarō rūkṣādibhirbhavēt|  
 
hētubhirbahubhiścaikō jvarō rūkṣādibhirbhavēt|  
Line 447: Line 541:     
rUkShAdibhirjvarAdyAshca vyAdhayaH sambhavanti hi||26||
 
rUkShAdibhirjvarAdyAshca vyAdhayaH sambhavanti hi||26||
 +
</div></div>
    
''Jwara'' alone may be caused by a combination of several causative factors including but not limited to ''ruksha''(dry) etc. and many causes like, ''ruksha'' (dry, rough) etc. may lead to several diseases. [26]
 
''Jwara'' alone may be caused by a combination of several causative factors including but not limited to ''ruksha''(dry) etc. and many causes like, ''ruksha'' (dry, rough) etc. may lead to several diseases. [26]
    
===== Diagnostic aspect of symptoms =====
 
===== Diagnostic aspect of symptoms =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
लिङ्गं चैकमनेकस्य तथैवैकस्य  लक्ष्यते |  
 
लिङ्गं चैकमनेकस्य तथैवैकस्य  लक्ष्यते |  
    
बहून्येकस्य च व्याधेर्बहूनां स्युर्बहूनि  च ||२७||  
 
बहून्येकस्य च व्याधेर्बहूनां स्युर्बहूनि  च ||२७||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
liṅgaṁ caikamanēkasya tathaivaikasya  lakṣyatē|  
 
liṅgaṁ caikamanēkasya tathaivaikasya  lakṣyatē|  
Line 463: Line 560:     
bahUnyekasya ca vyAdherbahUnAM syurbahUni ca||27||
 
bahUnyekasya ca vyAdherbahUnAM syurbahUni ca||27||
 +
</div></div>
    
Similarly, one symptom may be common to many diseases, one symptom may be related to only one disease, many symptoms may be associated with only one disease, and many symptoms may be common to many diseases. [27]  
 
Similarly, one symptom may be common to many diseases, one symptom may be related to only one disease, many symptoms may be associated with only one disease, and many symptoms may be common to many diseases. [27]  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
विषमारम्भमूलानां लिङ्गमेकं ज्वरो मतः |  
 
विषमारम्भमूलानां लिङ्गमेकं ज्वरो मतः |  
    
ज्वरस्यैकस्य चाप्येकः सन्तापो लिङ्गमुच्यते ||२८||  
 
ज्वरस्यैकस्य चाप्येकः सन्तापो लिङ्गमुच्यते ||२८||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
viṣamārambhamūlānāṁ liṅgamēkaṁ jvarō mataḥ|  
 
viṣamārambhamūlānāṁ liṅgamēkaṁ jvarō mataḥ|  
Line 477: Line 577:     
jvarasyaikasya cApyekaH santApo li~ggamucyate||28||
 
jvarasyaikasya cApyekaH santApo li~ggamucyate||28||
 +
</div></div>
    
One symptom i.e. ''jwara'' can be considered common to many diseases that have irregular onset, while ''santapa'' (elevated temperature) is considered a symptom of only one disease i.e. ''jwara''.[28]  
 
One symptom i.e. ''jwara'' can be considered common to many diseases that have irregular onset, while ''santapa'' (elevated temperature) is considered a symptom of only one disease i.e. ''jwara''.[28]  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
विषमारम्भमूलैश्च ज्वर एको निरुच्यते |  
 
विषमारम्भमूलैश्च ज्वर एको निरुच्यते |  
    
लिङ्गैरेतैर्ज्वरश्वासहिक्काद्याः सन्ति चामयाः ||२९||  
 
लिङ्गैरेतैर्ज्वरश्वासहिक्काद्याः सन्ति चामयाः ||२९||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
viṣamārambhamūlaiśca jvara ēkō nirucyatē|
 
viṣamārambhamūlaiśca jvara ēkō nirucyatē|
Line 491: Line 594:     
li~ggairetairjvarashvAsahikkAdyAH santi cAmayAH||29||
 
li~ggairetairjvarashvAsahikkAdyAH santi cAmayAH||29||
 +
</div></div>
    
Irregular onset (and similar other symptoms) appear in the case of ''jwara'', while similar symptoms also occur in ''shwasa'' (dyspnea), ''hikka'' (hiccups), and other similar diseases. [29]
 
Irregular onset (and similar other symptoms) appear in the case of ''jwara'', while similar symptoms also occur in ''shwasa'' (dyspnea), ''hikka'' (hiccups), and other similar diseases. [29]
    
===== Therapeutic considerations =====
 
===== Therapeutic considerations =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
एका शान्तिरनेकस्य तथैवैकस्य  लक्ष्यते |  
 
एका शान्तिरनेकस्य तथैवैकस्य  लक्ष्यते |  
    
व्याधेरेकस्य चानेका बहूनां बह्व्य एव च ||३०||  
 
व्याधेरेकस्य चानेका बहूनां बह्व्य एव च ||३०||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
ēkā śāntiranēkasya tathaivaikasya lakṣyatē|  
 
ēkā śāntiranēkasya tathaivaikasya lakṣyatē|  
Line 507: Line 613:     
vyAdherekasya cAnekA bahUnAM bahvya eva ca||30||
 
vyAdherekasya cAnekA bahUnAM bahvya eva ca||30||
 +
</div></div>
    
A single therapy can subside many diseases as well as a single disease. Multiple therapies may be needed to subside many diseases, whereas one disease could require multiple therapies to cure. [30]  
 
A single therapy can subside many diseases as well as a single disease. Multiple therapies may be needed to subside many diseases, whereas one disease could require multiple therapies to cure. [30]  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
शान्तिरामाशयोत्थानां व्याधीनां लङ्घनक्रिया |  
 
शान्तिरामाशयोत्थानां व्याधीनां लङ्घनक्रिया |  
    
ज्वरस्यैकस्य चाप्येका शान्तिर्लङ्घनमुच्यते ||३१||  
 
ज्वरस्यैकस्य चाप्येका शान्तिर्लङ्घनमुच्यते ||३१||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
śāntirāmāśayōtthānāṁ vyādhīnāṁ laṅghanakriyā|  
 
śāntirāmāśayōtthānāṁ vyādhīnāṁ laṅghanakriyā|  
Line 521: Line 630:     
jvarasyaikasya cApyekA shAntirla~gghanamucyate||31||
 
jvarasyaikasya cApyekA shAntirla~gghanamucyate||31||
 +
</div></div>
    
The diseases originating from ''amashaya'' are cured by ''langhana'' (fasting), only whereas only a single disease entity ''jwara'' also can be treated by the single therapy of ''langhana'' (fasting). [31]
 
The diseases originating from ''amashaya'' are cured by ''langhana'' (fasting), only whereas only a single disease entity ''jwara'' also can be treated by the single therapy of ''langhana'' (fasting). [31]
   
+
  <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
 +
 
 
तथा लघ्वशनाद्याश्च ज्वरस्यैकस्य शान्तयः |  
 
तथा लघ्वशनाद्याश्च ज्वरस्यैकस्य शान्तयः |  
    
एताश्चैव ज्वरश्वासहिक्कादीनां प्रशान्तयः ||३२||  
 
एताश्चैव ज्वरश्वासहिक्कादीनां प्रशान्तयः ||३२||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
tathā laghvaśanādyāśca jvarasyaikasya śāntayaḥ|  
 
tathā laghvaśanādyāśca jvarasyaikasya śāntayaḥ|  
Line 535: Line 647:     
etAshcaiva jvarashvAsahikkAdInAM prashAntayaH||32||
 
etAshcaiva jvarashvAsahikkAdInAM prashAntayaH||32||
 +
</div></div>
    
For treating a single disease like ''jwara'', multiple therapies like light diet, etc. are needed and the same multiple therapies like light diet etc. are needed to subside many diseases like ''jwara''(fever), ''shwasa''(dyspnea), ''hikka''(hiccups) etc. [32]
 
For treating a single disease like ''jwara'', multiple therapies like light diet, etc. are needed and the same multiple therapies like light diet etc. are needed to subside many diseases like ''jwara''(fever), ''shwasa''(dyspnea), ''hikka''(hiccups) etc. [32]
    
===== Prognostic aspect in therapy =====
 
===== Prognostic aspect in therapy =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
सुखसाध्यः सुखोपायः कालेनाल्पेन साध्यते |  
 
सुखसाध्यः सुखोपायः कालेनाल्पेन साध्यते |  
Line 551: Line 665:  
   
 
   
 
पादापचाराद्दैवाद्वा यान्ति भावान्तरं गदाः ||३५||
 
पादापचाराद्दैवाद्वा यान्ति भावान्तरं गदाः ||३५||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
sukhasādhyaḥ sukhōpāyaḥ kālēnālpēna sādhyatē|  
 
sukhasādhyaḥ sukhōpāyaḥ kālēnālpēna sādhyatē|  
Line 575: Line 690:     
pAdApacArAddaivAdvA yAnti bhAvAntaraM gadAH||35||
 
pAdApacArAddaivAdvA yAnti bhAvAntaraM gadAH||35||
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Easily curable diseases can be managed in a short time by simple measures. Diseases which are difficult to cure may require more effort and time to cure. The palliable variety of incurable diseases can never be cured, but can be alleviated. Incurable diseases are not amenable to any type of treatment.  
 
Easily curable diseases can be managed in a short time by simple measures. Diseases which are difficult to cure may require more effort and time to cure. The palliable variety of incurable diseases can never be cured, but can be alleviated. Incurable diseases are not amenable to any type of treatment.  
Line 582: Line 699:     
===== Examination of stages of disease =====
 
===== Examination of stages of disease =====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
वृद्धिस्थानक्षयावस्थां रोगाणामुपलक्षयेत्  |  
 
वृद्धिस्थानक्षयावस्थां रोगाणामुपलक्षयेत्  |  
    
सुसूक्ष्मामपि च प्राज्ञो देहाग्निबलचेतसाम् ||३६||  
 
सुसूक्ष्मामपि च प्राज्ञो देहाग्निबलचेतसाम् ||३६||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
vr̥ddhisthānakṣayāvasthāṁ rōgāṇāmupalakṣayēt |  
 
vr̥ddhisthānakṣayāvasthāṁ rōgāṇāmupalakṣayēt |  
Line 594: Line 713:     
susUkShmAmapi ca prAj~jo dehAgnibalacetasAm||36||
 
susUkShmAmapi ca prAj~jo dehAgnibalacetasAm||36||
 +
</div></div>
    
A wise physician should carefully observe the subtle changes in the state of diseases (aggravated, normal and diminished) while properly assessing the patient’s body strength, digestive power and mental ability. [36]
 
A wise physician should carefully observe the subtle changes in the state of diseases (aggravated, normal and diminished) while properly assessing the patient’s body strength, digestive power and mental ability. [36]
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
व्याध्यवस्थाविशेषान् हि ज्ञात्वा ज्ञात्वा विचक्षणः |  
 
व्याध्यवस्थाविशेषान् हि ज्ञात्वा ज्ञात्वा विचक्षणः |  
    
तस्यां तस्यामवस्थायां चतुःश्रेयः  प्रपद्यते ||३७||  
 
तस्यां तस्यामवस्थायां चतुःश्रेयः  प्रपद्यते ||३७||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
vyādhyavasthāviśēṣān hi jñātvā jñātvā vicakṣaṇaḥ|  
 
vyādhyavasthāviśēṣān hi jñātvā jñātvā vicakṣaṇaḥ|  
Line 608: Line 730:     
tasyAM tasyAmavasthAyAM catuHshreyaH prapadyate||37||
 
tasyAM tasyAmavasthAyAM catuHshreyaH prapadyate||37||
 +
</div></div>
    
The physician, who is keenly observing variations in disease stages in the patient, should know it (the disease) well and prescribe such a treatment that would be helpful in attaining the fourfold effect of therapeutics. [37]   
 
The physician, who is keenly observing variations in disease stages in the patient, should know it (the disease) well and prescribe such a treatment that would be helpful in attaining the fourfold effect of therapeutics. [37]   
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
प्रायस्तिर्यग्गता दोषाः क्लेशयन्त्यातुरांश्चिरम् |  
 
प्रायस्तिर्यग्गता दोषाः क्लेशयन्त्यातुरांश्चिरम् |  
Line 618: Line 742:     
ज्ञात्वा कोष्ठप्रपन्नांस्तान् यथासन्नं  हरेद्बुधः ||३९||  
 
ज्ञात्वा कोष्ठप्रपन्नांस्तान् यथासन्नं  हरेद्बुधः ||३९||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
prāyastiryaggatā dōṣāḥ klēśayantyāturāṁściram|  
 
prāyastiryaggatā dōṣāḥ klēśayantyāturāṁściram|  
Line 634: Line 759:     
j~jAtvA koShThaprapannAMstAn yathAsannaM haredbudhaH||39||
 
j~jAtvA koShThaprapannAMstAn yathAsannaM haredbudhaH||39||
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
Generally, ''doshas'' that are spread over obliquely (in the transverse direction) afflict the patient for a longer time. In that condition, treatment should not be initiated in a hurry without proper assessment of body strength and digestive power.  
 
Generally, ''doshas'' that are spread over obliquely (in the transverse direction) afflict the patient for a longer time. In that condition, treatment should not be initiated in a hurry without proper assessment of body strength and digestive power.  
 
These ''doshas'' should be alleviated first by treatment, or they should be carefully be drawn to the ''koshtha'' (bowel). After knowing their status in ''koshtha'', the wise physician should eliminate them through the nearest route. [38-39]  
 
These ''doshas'' should be alleviated first by treatment, or they should be carefully be drawn to the ''koshtha'' (bowel). After knowing their status in ''koshtha'', the wise physician should eliminate them through the nearest route. [38-39]  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
 +
 
ज्ञानार्थं यानि चोक्तानि व्याधिलिङ्गानि सङ्ग्रहे |  
 
ज्ञानार्थं यानि चोक्तानि व्याधिलिङ्गानि सङ्ग्रहे |  
    
व्याधयस्ते तदात्वे तु लिङ्गानीष्टानि नामयाः ||४०||
 
व्याधयस्ते तदात्वे तु लिङ्गानीष्टानि नामयाः ||४०||
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
jñānārthaṁ yāni cōktāni vyādhiliṅgāni saṅgrahē|  
 
jñānārthaṁ yāni cōktāni vyādhiliṅgāni saṅgrahē|  
Line 649: Line 779:     
vyAdhayaste tadAtve tu li~ggAnIShTAni nAmayAH||40||
 
vyAdhayaste tadAtve tu li~ggAnIShTAni nAmayAH||40||
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
In the [[Nidana Sthana]], a compendium of symptomatology has been provided as a reckoner for the [[Ayurveda]] practitioner to gain adequate knowledge of some of the major classes of diseases and diagnose them effectively. But these symptoms may independently develop into diseases and create emergency situations. [40]
 
In the [[Nidana Sthana]], a compendium of symptomatology has been provided as a reckoner for the [[Ayurveda]] practitioner to gain adequate knowledge of some of the major classes of diseases and diagnose them effectively. But these symptoms may independently develop into diseases and create emergency situations. [40]
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
 +
 
विकारः प्रकृतिश्चैव द्वयं सर्वं समासतः |  
 
विकारः प्रकृतिश्चैव द्वयं सर्वं समासतः |  
    
तद्धेतुवशगं हेतोरभावान्नानुवर्तते ||४१||  
 
तद्धेतुवशगं हेतोरभावान्नानुवर्तते ||४१||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
vikāraḥ prakr̥tiścaiva dvayaṁ sarvaṁ samāsataḥ|  
 
vikāraḥ prakr̥tiścaiva dvayaṁ sarvaṁ samāsataḥ|  
Line 663: Line 798:     
taddhetuvashagaM hetorabhAvAnnAnuvartate||41||
 
taddhetuvashagaM hetorabhAvAnnAnuvartate||41||
 +
</div></div>
    
Everything can be categorized into being in a normal or an abnormal state. Both of these categories depend upon causes. Nothing can happen without a cause. [41]
 
Everything can be categorized into being in a normal or an abnormal state. Both of these categories depend upon causes. Nothing can happen without a cause. [41]
    
==== Summary ====
 
==== Summary ====
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
तत्र श्लोकाः-  
 
तत्र श्लोकाः-  
Line 681: Line 818:     
निदानस्थानमेतावत् सङ्ग्रहेणोपदिश्यते ||४४||  
 
निदानस्थानमेतावत् सङ्ग्रहेणोपदिश्यते ||४४||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
tatra ślōkāḥ-  
 
tatra ślōkāḥ-  
Line 709: Line 847:     
nidAnasthAnametAvat sa~ggraheNopadishyate||44||
 
nidAnasthAnametAvat sa~ggraheNopadishyate||44||
 +
</div></div>
 +
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
To sum up this chapter, etiological factors, premonitory symptoms, signs and symptoms, therapeutic relief, pathogenesis, historical origins and brief line of treatment of ''apasmara'' have been described in this section. Since this is the concluding chapter of the [[Nidana Sthana]], a summary to the entire section has also been provided here, stating that starting from ''jwara'' all eight diseases have been dealt with separately in eight chapters, each with etiological factors, symptomatology, prognosis and brief line of management.  
 
To sum up this chapter, etiological factors, premonitory symptoms, signs and symptoms, therapeutic relief, pathogenesis, historical origins and brief line of treatment of ''apasmara'' have been described in this section. Since this is the concluding chapter of the [[Nidana Sthana]], a summary to the entire section has also been provided here, stating that starting from ''jwara'' all eight diseases have been dealt with separately in eight chapters, each with etiological factors, symptomatology, prognosis and brief line of management.  
Line 714: Line 854:  
A compendium of diseases with etiological factors, their synonyms, symptoms of the diseases have been provided as an epilogue to the chapter. [42-44]
 
A compendium of diseases with etiological factors, their synonyms, symptoms of the diseases have been provided as an epilogue to the chapter. [42-44]
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
 +
 
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते निदानस्थाने अपस्मारनिदानं नामाष्टमोऽध्यायः |  
 
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते निदानस्थाने अपस्मारनिदानं नामाष्टमोऽध्यायः |  
    
निदानस्थानं समाप्तम् ||८||  
 
निदानस्थानं समाप्तम् ||८||  
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
    
ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē nidānasthānē  
 
ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē nidānasthānē  
Line 723: Line 866:     
iti carakasaṁhitāyāṁ dvitīyaṁ nidānasthānaṁ samāptam|
 
iti carakasaṁhitāyāṁ dvitīyaṁ nidānasthānaṁ samāptam|
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    
Thus, ends the eighth chapter on the ‘diagnosis of ''apasmara''” of the section “Diagnosis of diseases” ([[Nidana Sthana]]) of Agnivesha , as redacted by Charak.
 
Thus, ends the eighth chapter on the ‘diagnosis of ''apasmara''” of the section “Diagnosis of diseases” ([[Nidana Sthana]]) of Agnivesha , as redacted by Charak.