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== Tools to understand shastra ==

== Tools to understand shastra ==

<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li style="font-weight: bold;">Anubandha chatushtya (four connecting factors of a literary text) <br/><span style="font-weight: normal;">This concept, initially put forth by Vedant philosophy, can be understood as a means to decipher different aspects of science.<ref name="ref9">RāDhāKāNtadeva, Vasu, v., & Vasu, h. (1886).Śabdakalpadrumah,Available from  https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/cslapidev/servepdf.php?dict=skd& page=1-050 </ref> This includes four aspects namely:   

<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li style="font-weight: bold;">Anubandha chatushtya (four connecting factors of a literary text) <br/><span style="font-weight: normal;">This concept, initially put forth by Vedant philosophy, can be understood as a means to decipher different aspects of science.<ref name="ref9">RāDhāKāNtadeva, Vasu, v., & Vasu, h. (1886).Śabdakalpadrumah,Available from  https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/cslapidev/servepdf.php?dict=skd& page=1-050 </ref> This includes four aspects namely:   

# Abhidheya (main topic of interest)  

# Abhidheya (main topic of interest)  

# Prayojana (purpose or end result)  

# Prayojana (purpose or end result)  

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Prayojana is main goal or aim the science is directed towards for instance dhatusamya while sambandha is the connection between the terms. Adhikari refers to man or individual proficient in the shastra, physician or vaidya. He further states that abhidheya and prayojana are essential for the pravritti or implementation of shastra. Unless one is aware about the ultimate goal of understanding shastra one cannot implement the principles of shastra.  </span></li>

Prayojana is main goal or aim the science is directed towards for instance dhatusamya while sambandha is the connection between the terms. Adhikari refers to man or individual proficient in the shastra, physician or vaidya. He further states that abhidheya and prayojana are essential for the pravritti or implementation of shastra. Unless one is aware about the ultimate goal of understanding shastra one cannot implement the principles of shastra.  </span></li>

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<li style="font-weight: bold;">Vakyashaha- vakya-arthashaha, artha-avayavashah [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana.30/19] (method of learning of text) <span style="font-weight: normal;"><br/>This refers to “read the quotation first” and then meaning,  interpretation and explanation of the different verses and concepts given in the text. </span></li>

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<li style="font-weight: bold;">Pada- padam- shlokam [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 3/54] (study of each part of text) <span style="font-weight: normal;"><br/>Sushruta mentions this method to understand the verses mentioned in the text correctly.  This is an essential aspect of learning the ayurveda texts as it is majorly presented in the poetry form.  This methodology helps to properly understand the meaning of every term mentioned in the text.</span></li>

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<li style="font-weight: bold;">Trividha dnyanopaya/ shastra upaya (three steps in understanding the science or text)- adhyayana (self learning), adhyapana (teaching), tadvidya-sambhasha (discussion)[Cha. Sa.Vimana Sthana.8/6] <span style="font-weight: normal;"><br/>Three methods for correct understanding or implementing the principles of shastra (shastra drudhatartha) are described. Adhyayana refers to method of studying; adhyapana refers to the teaching method, while tadvidya sambhsha deals with scientific debates and interactions. These can also be considered essential components of pedagogy and help facilitate the teaching and learning process. </span></li>

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<li style="font-weight: bold;">Tantrayukti (tricks to understand the text) <span style="font-weight: normal;"><br/>Tantrayukti is the most critical tool to understand the applied aspects and hidden meanings of teachings mentioned in the shastra. These guide in understanding the application of varied terms and verses mentioned in the text. The one who can understand the proper method to learn even one kind of shastra or the one who develops the temperament to understand the nuances of single shastra can also decipher the contents of other shastra. (Cha.Sa.Siddhi Sthana12/47) One who studies the shastra without understanding the tantrayukti cannot understand its practical utility. (Cha.Sa.Siddhi Sthana 12/48) For instance, with the help of adhikarana tantrayukti, we can understand the  main subject of discussion of a particular text e.g. Ashtang Hridaya  deals with description of eight branches of ayurveda. (Arundatta on A.H. UttaraTantra.40/80) </span></li></ol>