Changes

|label2 = Authors

|label2 = Authors

|data2 = Adarsh P. M. ¹, Deole Y.S. ²  

|data2 = Adarsh P. M. ¹, [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]²  

|label3 = Reviewer & Editor

|label3 = Reviewer & Editor

|data3 = Basisht G.³

|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]³

|label4 = Affiliations

|label4 = Affiliations

|label9 = DOI

|label9 = DOI

|data9 = In process

|data9 = {{DoiWithLink}}

<p style='text-align:justify;'>}}Hemiplegia (paralysis or hemiparesis) is known as ‘pakshaghata’ or ‘pakshavadha’ in ([[Ayurveda]]). It is classified under 80 diseases due only to the vitiation of ([[vata dosha]]) (nanatmaja [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa|vata vyadhi]]). There is complete or partial paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on one side of the body. The most typical cause of hemiplegia is cerebrovascular stroke. A stroke affecting the corticospinal tract results in hemiplegia. Other causes are trauma, diabetes, infections affecting the nervous system, neoplasms, demyelination disorders, congenital disorders, multiple sclerosis, parasomnia etc. As per [[Ayurveda]] pathophysiology, the vitiated [[vata dosha]] afflicts half of the body by causing desiccation of nerves or blood vessels (sira) and muscles or tendons (snayu). It finally results in the signs and symptoms of [[wikipedia:Hemiparesis|pakshaghata]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 53-55] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28157752/ Rehabilitation] is the primary treatment of hemiplegia to regain maximum function and quality of life. It includes both physical and [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6476805/ occupational therapy.] Ayurvedic management is vatahara (pacification of [[vata dosha]]) in nature. It can improve motor functions by [[Vata dosha|vata]]<nowiki/>nulomana (proper elimination of flatus, faeces, urine etc., by proper functioning of [[vayu]]) and balya (which provides strength) forms of medications.

<p style='text-align:justify;'>}}Hemiplegia (paralysis or hemiparesis) is known as ‘pakshaghata’ or ‘pakshavadha’ in [[Ayurveda]]. It is classified under [https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Maharoga_Adhyaya#Eighty_disorders_caused_due_to_vata_dosha 80 diseases] due only to the vitiation of ([[vata dosha]]) (nanatmaja [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa|vata vyadhi]]). There is complete or partial paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on one side of the body. The most typical cause of hemiplegia is cerebrovascular [[wikipedia:Stroke|stroke]]. A stroke affecting the [[wikipedia:Corticospinal_tract|corticospinal tract]] results in [[wikipedia:Hemiparesis|hemiplegia]]. Other causes are trauma, diabetes, infections affecting the [[wikipedia:Nervous_system|nervous system]], [[wikipedia:Neoplasm|neoplasms]], [[wikipedia:Demyelinating_disease|demyelination disorders]], [[wikipedia:Birth_defect|congenital disorders]], [[wikipedia:Multiple_sclerosis|multiple sclerosis]], [[wikipedia:Parasomnia|parasomnia]] etc. As per [[Ayurveda]] pathophysiology, the vitiated [[vata dosha]] afflicts half of the body by causing desiccation of nerves or blood vessels (sira) and muscles or tendons (snayu). It finally results in the signs and symptoms of pakshaghata. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 53-55] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28157752/ Rehabilitation] is the primary treatment of hemiplegia to regain maximum function and quality of life. It includes both physical and [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6476805/ occupational therapy.] Ayurvedic management is vatahara (pacification of [[vata dosha]]) in nature. It can improve motor functions by [[Vata dosha|vata]]<nowiki/>nulomana (proper elimination of flatus, faeces, urine etc., by proper functioning of [[vayu]]) and balya (which provides strength) forms of medications.

'''National Ayurveda Morbidity code:''' AAC-24

'''National Ayurveda Morbidity code:''' AAC-24

'''[[Kashaya|Decoctions:]]'''

'''[[Kashaya|Decoctions:]]'''

Dhanadanayanadi [[Kashaya]] [Sahasrayoga 1/58]<ref name=":3">Dr.K.Nishteswar,Dr.R.Vidyanath. Sahasrayogam.3rd ed. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas academy;2011</ref>, Prasarinyadi Kashaya [Sahasrayoga 1/59(1)]<ref name=":3" />, Sahacharadi Kashaya [Sahasrayoga 1/59(2)]<ref name=":3" />, Rasonadi kwatha [Sahasrayoga 1/59(3)]<ref name=":3" /> Gandharvahastadi kwatha [Sahasrayoga 1/59(4)]<ref name=":3" />, Maharasnadi kwatha [Sahasrayoga 1/60]<ref name=":3" />, Balasahacharadi Kashaya. [Sahasrayoga 1/54]<ref name=":3" />

[https://www.ayurmedinfo.com/2012/04/29/dhanadanayanadi-kashayam-benefits-dosage-side-effects-ingredients-reference/ Dhanadanayanadi Kashaya] [Sahasrayoga 1/58]<ref name=":3">Dr.K.Nishteswar,Dr.R.Vidyanath. Sahasrayogam.3rd ed. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas academy;2011</ref>, [https://www.ayurmedinfo.com/2012/05/05/prasarinyadi-kashayam-benefits-dosage-side-effects-ingredients/ Prasarinyadi Kashaya] [Sahasrayoga 1/59(1)]<ref name=":3" />, [https://www.easyayurveda.com/2009/12/04/sahacharadi-kashayam-natural-remedy-for-hip-pain-leg-pain-and-low-back-pain/ Sahacharadi Kashaya] [Sahasrayoga 1/59(2)]<ref name=":3" />, [https://www.ayurmedinfo.com/2012/05/05/rasonadi-kashayam-benefits-dosage-side-effects-ingredients/ Rasonadi kwatha] [Sahasrayoga 1/59(3)]<ref name=":3" /> [https://www.ayurmedinfo.com/2012/05/01/gandharvahasthadi-kashayam-benefits-dosage-side-effects-ingredients-reference/ Gandharvahastadi kwatha] [Sahasrayoga 1/59(4)]<ref name=":3" />, [https://www.ayurmedinfo.com/2012/02/15/maharasnadi-kashayam-benefits-dose-side-effects-ingredients-and-reference/ Maharasnadi kwatha] [Sahasrayoga 1/60]<ref name=":3" />, [https://www.ayurmedinfo.com/2012/02/14/ashtavargam-kashayam-benefits-dose-side-effects-ingredients/ Balasahacharadi Kashaya]. [Sahasrayoga 1/54]<ref name=":3" />

'''Churnas/Herbal powder mixtures'''

'''Churnas/Herbal powder mixtures'''

A comparative clinical trial for comparing the effect of kala [[basti]] and [[virechana]] in pakshaghata was conducted in 25 patients. Kala basti group has shown better improvement in outcomes compared to the [[virechana]] group.<ref>Vimal M Vekariya (2008): comparative study of virechana karma and kala basti in the management of pakshaghata. Department of Panchakarma, ITRA, Jamnagar.</ref>

A comparative clinical trial for comparing the effect of kala [[basti]] and [[virechana]] in pakshaghata was conducted in 25 patients. Kala basti group has shown better improvement in outcomes compared to the [[virechana]] group.<ref>Vimal M Vekariya (2008): comparative study of virechana karma and kala basti in the management of pakshaghata. Department of Panchakarma, ITRA, Jamnagar.</ref>

In a clinical study involving 10 patients of pakshaghata, the treatments like [[abhyanga]], sarvanga shashtikashali pinda sweda and rajayapana basti were administered consecutively. It has shown significant improvement in vakstambha, padasankocha, hastakankocha, shula and Cheshta nivritti.<ref>Manasa T. V, Kiran M. Goud, Lolashri S. J. (2019). A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of rajayapana basti in pakshaghata. IAMJ: Volume 7, Issue 3, March - 2019 (www.iamj.in).</ref>

In a clinical study involving 10 patients of pakshaghata, the treatments like [[abhyanga]], sarvanga shashtikashali pinda sweda and rajayapana basti were administered consecutively. It has shown significant improvement in slurred speech, spasticity of upper limb, spasticity of lower limb, pain and lose of movement.<ref>Manasa T. V, Kiran M. Goud, Lolashri S. J. (2019). A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of rajayapana basti in pakshaghata. IAMJ: Volume 7, Issue 3, March - 2019 (www.iamj.in).</ref>

In a comparative clinical study conducted among 40 patients, kalabasti with dasamoola kashaya, yavanyadi kalka, and sahacharadi taila has shown better improvement both in subjective and objective parameters as compared to the group of [[nasya]] (nasal medication) with karpasasthyadi taila and group with [[shamana]] (pacification) drugs only.<ref>Dr. Sayeda Nikhat Inamdar, Dr. Prashanth A S, Dr. Rahul kumar. Clinical evaluation of basti and nasya in pakshaghata (hemiplegia). PIJAR/July-August-17/volume 1/Issue-6, ISSN:2456:4354

In a comparative clinical study conducted among 40 patients, kalabasti with dasamoola kashaya, yavanyadi kalka, and sahacharadi taila has shown better improvement both in subjective and objective parameters as compared to the group of [[nasya]] (nasal medication) with karpasasthyadi taila and group with [[shamana]] (pacification) drugs only.<ref>Dr. Sayeda Nikhat Inamdar, Dr. Prashanth A S, Dr. Rahul kumar. Clinical evaluation of basti and nasya in pakshaghata (hemiplegia). PIJAR/July-August-17/volume 1/Issue-6, ISSN:2456:4354

'''2.''' In a case report of a 77-year-old male patient with complaints of sudden weakness in right side of the body including face, inability to stand, walk, slurring of speech in the past 2 days. The main treatments given are dhanyamladhara, [[abhyanga]], shashtika shali pinda sweda, [[matra basti]], [[nasya]], tailadhara along with [[shamana]] aushadhis in the above-mentioned order. The patients’ muscle power, tone, strength improved greatly and deep tendon reflexes regained the normal status. Patient was able to walk without any support at the end of treatment.<ref>Karthikeya Prasad, Manjusri. (2022). Pakshaghata – A case study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. Volume 7, Issue 6 Nov-Dec 2022, pp: 687-690 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2456-4494.</ref>

'''2.''' In a case report of a 77-year-old male patient with complaints of sudden weakness in right side of the body including face, inability to stand, walk, slurring of speech in the past 2 days. The main treatments given are dhanyamladhara, [[abhyanga]], shashtika shali pinda sweda, [[matra basti]], [[nasya]], tailadhara along with [[shamana]] aushadhis in the above-mentioned order. The patients’ muscle power, tone, strength improved greatly and deep tendon reflexes regained the normal status. Patient was able to walk without any support at the end of treatment.<ref>Karthikeya Prasad, Manjusri. (2022). Pakshaghata – A case study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. Volume 7, Issue 6 Nov-Dec 2022, pp: 687-690 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2456-4494.</ref>

'''3.'''  A case on management of stroke of a male patient aged 40 years with chief complaints of loss of function of the left upper & lower limb is repored. He was a diagnosed case of stroke based on clinical presentation and brain computed tomography-scan. In the case, [[Ayurveda]] medications were found to be effective in providing relief in chief complaint with improvement of overall health of the patient. Treatment protocol was [[Snehana (unction therapy)|snehana]], [[swedana]], mridu [[virechana]], [[basti]] karma, murdhni taila ([[shirodhara]]) along with internal medication which is mentioned by Acharya Sushruta.<ref>Santhosh kumar Bhatted, Uttamram Yadav. (2020). Treatment Protocol of Stroke (Pakshaghata) Through Ayurveda Medicine -A Case Study. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. Vol.10; Issue: 1; January 2020 Website: www.ijhsr.org Case Study ISSN: 2249-9571.</ref>

'''3.'''  A case on management of stroke of a male patient aged 40 years with chief complaints of loss of function of the left upper & lower limb is reported. He was a diagnosed case of stroke based on clinical presentation and computerized tomography scan. [[Ayurveda]] medications were found to be effective in providing relief in chief complaints with improvement of overall health of the patient. Treatment protocol was [[Snehana (unction therapy)|snehana]], [[swedana]], mridu [[virechana]], [[basti]] karma, murdhni taila ([[shirodhara]]) along with internal medication which is mentioned by Acharya Sushruta.<ref>Santhosh kumar Bhatted, Uttamram Yadav. (2020). Treatment Protocol of Stroke (Pakshaghata) Through Ayurveda Medicine -A Case Study. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. Vol.10; Issue: 1; January 2020 Website: www.ijhsr.org Case Study ISSN: 2249-9571.</ref>