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{{#seo:
|title=Linga
|title=Linga
|type=article
|type=article
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<p style="text-align:justify;">The term linga (rupa) means clinical features i.e., signs (chinnha), and symptoms ([[lakshana]]) of a disease.(Code: SAT-D)<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda.</ref>The clinical features of the disease are vital predictors of the severity of the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. Linga is a crucial component in understanding disease prognosis and other aspects of nidanapanchaka (five factors necessary for understanding the severity, potency, pathology, and prognosis). [Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/6]
The term linga (rupa) means clinical features i.e., signs (chinnha), and symptoms ([[lakshana]]) of a disease.(Code: SAT-D)<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda.</ref>The clinical features of the disease are vital predictors of the severity of the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. Linga is a crucial component in understanding disease prognosis and other aspects of nidanapanchaka (five factors necessary for understanding the severity, potency, pathology, and prognosis). [Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/6]
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Cardinal features are specific clinical features of a disease. Frequent defecation with variable consistency of stools (muhurbaddham muhurdravam mala) is a cardinal feature of disorders of digestion and metabolism (grahanidosha).
Cardinal features are specific clinical features of a disease. Frequent defecation with variable consistency of stools (muhurbaddham muhurdravam mala) is a cardinal feature of disorders of digestion and metabolism (grahanidosha).
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Linga is one of the three most essential aspects described in the trisutra principle [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] of [[Ayurveda]] i.e., etiology ([[hetu]]), clinical features (linga), and intervention ([[aushadha]]). It is necessary for the precise knowledge and practice of Ayurvedic medicines and treatment techniques. The treatment should be prescribed only after thoroughly examining causative factors ([[hetu]]) and the signs and symptoms ([[lakshana]]) of the disease.<ref>Shukla DJ, Patel NC, Vyas H. Yogaśataka of pandita vararuci. Ancient Sci Life 2016;36:110-3.</ref>
Linga is one of the three most essential aspects described in the trisutra principle [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/24] of [[Ayurveda]] i.e., etiology ([[hetu]]), clinical features (linga), and intervention ([[aushadha]]). It is necessary for the precise knowledge and practice of Ayurvedic medicines and treatment techniques. The treatment should be prescribed only after thoroughly examining causative factors ([[hetu]]) and the signs and symptoms ([[lakshana]]) of the disease.<ref>Shukla DJ, Patel NC, Vyas H. Yogaśataka of pandita vararuci. Ancient Sci Life 2016;36:110-3.</ref>
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All systems of medicine rely primarily on the clinical features of the diseases to investigate, assess and plan the intervention accordingly. This article describes the etymology, synonyms, classification, identification methods, and importance of linga/rupa in medical practice.
All systems of medicine rely primarily on the clinical features of the diseases to investigate, assess and plan the intervention accordingly. This article describes the etymology, synonyms, classification, identification methods, and importance of linga/rupa in medical practice.
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{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|label3 = Reviewer
|label3 = Reviewer
|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>3</sup>
|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]<sup>3</sup>
|label4 = Editor
|label4 = Editor
|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>4</sup>
|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>4</sup>
|label5 = Affiliations
|label5 = Affiliations
|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Kriya Sharir, A.I.I.A., New Delhi, India
|data5 = <sup>1</sup> Department of Kriya Sharir, A.I.I.A., New Delhi, India
<sup>2</sup> Department of Roga Nidana Vikriti Vigyan, A.I.I.A.,New Delhi, India
<sup>2</sup> Department of Roga Nidana Vikriti Vigyan, A.I.I.A.,New Delhi, India
<sup>3</sup>[[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
<sup>3</sup>Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
<sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
<sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com, meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in
|data6 = carakasamhita@gmail.com, meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in
|label7 = Date of first publication:
|label7 = Publisher
|data7 = April 28, 2022
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
|label8 = Date of first publication:
|data8 = April 28, 2022
|label8 = DOI
|label9 = DOI
|data8 = under process
|data9 = 10.47468/CSNE.2022.e01.s09.095
}}
}}
For illness diagnosis and management, every science is dependent on the linga of the condition. Because there was no accessible instrument or diagnostic test in ancient times, the physician had to analyze, observe the linga, and finally conclude the diagnosis. The arishta lakshana can be linked to modern-day death signals [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]]]. Murmure Rasika B et al. elaborated the concept of death signs mentioned in Charak Samhita with the impending indicators just before death and up to six months before death.<ref>Murmure Rasika B Et Al: CharkoktaArishtaLakshanas And Contemporary Signs Of Death. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal {online} 2017 {cited November, 2017}</ref>
For illness diagnosis and management, every science is dependent on the linga of the condition. Because there was no accessible instrument or diagnostic test in ancient times, the physician had to analyze, observe the linga, and finally conclude the diagnosis. The arishta lakshana can be linked to modern-day death signals [Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]]]. Murmure Rasika B et al. elaborated the concept of death signs mentioned in Charak Samhita with the impending indicators just before death and up to six months before death.<ref>Murmure Rasika B Et Al: CharkoktaArishtaLakshanas And Contemporary Signs Of Death. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal {online} 2017 {cited November, 2017}</ref>
=== Validation of tool of dhatu samya lakshana ===
=== Validation of tool of signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya lakshana) ===
In [[Ayurveda]], the signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatu samya) can determine physical and mental well-being. T. Mahesh Raju, B et al. researched 250 seemingly healthy participants to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire to measure improvement in health status using Ayurvedic parameters. The final questionnaire measures health state according to Ayurvedic principles of dhatu samyata.<ref>Mahesh Raju. B, TB Tripathy, MB.Kavita. Development and Standardization of Health Status Assessment Tool Based on Ayurvedic Parameters w.s.r. to DathuSamyaLakshna. International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;1(1):92-96</ref>
In [[Ayurveda]], the signs of equilibrium of body tissues (dhatusamya) can determine physical and mental well-being. T. Mahesh Raju B et. al. researched 250 seemingly healthy participants to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire to measure improvement in health status using Ayurvedic parameters. The final questionnaire measures health state according to Ayurvedic principles of dhatu samyata.<ref>Mahesh Raju. B, TB Tripathy, MB.Kavita. Development and Standardization of Health Status Assessment Tool Based on Ayurvedic Parameters w.s.r. to DathuSamyaLakshna. International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;1(1):92-96</ref>
=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===
=== Cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)===
A diagnostic pathological report: The distinctive and peculiar clinical features of an illness are cardinal features. Mahamad Yunus S et al. concentrated on gaining a scientific grasp of cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)'s distinctiveness and role as a diagnostic pathological report.<ref>MahamadYunus S. Nabooji, Amit K., Sandhya G., Komal R. PratyatmaLakshana: A Diagnostic Pathological Report. Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga, 2019; 12(1):9-12.</ref>
A diagnostic pathological report: The distinctive and peculiar clinical features of an illness are cardinal features. Mahamad Yunus S et. al. concentrated on gaining a scientific grasp of cardinal features (pratyatma lakshana)'s distinctiveness and role as a diagnostic pathological report.<ref>MahamadYunus S. Nabooji, Amit K., Sandhya G., Komal R. PratyatmaLakshana: A Diagnostic Pathological Report. Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga, 2019; 12(1):9-12.</ref>
=== Understanding proper oleation ===
=== Understanding proper oleation ===
#Reddy B.P.S. (1961): Panchanidana men upashaya. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.
#Reddy B.P.S. (1961): Panchanidana men upashaya. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.
#Grover Suman (1962): Lakshansammuchchatyavimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.
#Grover Suman (1962): Lakshansammuchchatyavimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T.& R.A., Gujarat.
#Sharma K.M. (1962): Lakshanavimarsha(kaphajalakshanavishishitavimarshasahita. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.
#Sharma K.M. (1962): Lakshanavimarsha (kaphajalakshana vishishitavimarshasahita. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.
#Mishra D.D. (1963): Pitta ki UshnaGunatah SantapaLakshana Vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.
#Mishra D.D. (1963): Pitta ki Ushna Gunatah Santapa Lakshana Vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.
#Tewari Jagdish (1963): KasaRoga evam lakshana vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.
#Tewari Jagdish (1963): Kasa Roga evam lakshana vimarsha. Department of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat.
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