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{{#seo:

|title=Indriyaneekam Indriyam Adhyaya

|title=Indriyaneekam Indriyam Adhyaya

|keywords=Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.  

|keywords=Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.  

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 4.Fatal signs in five sense organs

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 4.Fatal signs in five sense organs

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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

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'''<big>[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 4.Fatal signs in five sense organs</big>'''

'''<big>[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 4.Fatal signs in five sense organs</big>'''

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Babu S.P.

|data7  = Babu S.P.

|label8 = Editor

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Khandel S.K., Babu S.P.

|data8  = Khandel S.K., Babu S.P., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Date of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 = December 17, 2018

|data9 = 2020

|label10 = DOI

|label10 = Publisher

|data10  = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.005 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.005]

|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

 

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.005 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.005]

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract ''' </big>

<big>'''Abstract ''' </big>

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<p style="text-align:justify;">This chapter explicates about the alterations in the perception of the five sense organs which reveal impending death of an individual. The previous three chapters described [[arishta]] [[lakshana]] as perceived by senses vision, sound, taste and touch. This chapter describes [[arishta]] [[lakshana]] as perceived by all five [[Indriya]] or senses. [[Indriya]] and ''aneekam'' indicate the group of all five sense organs. There is a good synchronization between all sense organs for conversion of information into the knowledge. </p>

 

This chapter explicates about the alterations in the perception of the five sense organs which reveal impending death of an individual. The previous three chapters described [[arishta]] [[lakshana]] as perceived by senses vision, sound, taste and touch. This chapter describes [[arishta]] [[lakshana]] as perceived by all five [[Indriya]] or senses. [[Indriya]] and ''aneekam'' indicate the group of all five sense organs. There is a good synchronization between all sense organs for conversion of information into the knowledge.  

'''Keywords''': Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses.

'''Keywords''': Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses.

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The perception by the sense organs has been described in [[Ayurveda]] to be a function of the conjunction of ''mana'' (mind) with the ''atman'' (soul), the sense organs (''indriya'') and its subject (''indriyartha'') (Figure 1.)<br>   

The perception by the sense organs has been described in [[Ayurveda]] to be a function of the conjunction of ''mana'' (mind) with the [[atman]] (soul), the sense organs ([[indriya]]) and its subject (''indriyartha'') (Figure 1.)<br>   

[[File:organs as per Ayurveda.png]]<br>

[[File:organs as per Ayurveda.png]]<br>

Fig. 1 – Showing the chart of perception by the sense organs as per [[Ayurveda]]

Fig. 1 – Showing the chart of perception by the sense organs as per [[Ayurveda]]

The correct perception has been described to be the function of ''mana'' and ''vata''. ''Vata'' is the entity which joins the ''mana'' and the above stated three other components. The functions of ''mana'' and ''vata'' account for in the modern medical sciences to that of the nervous system and its components.  

The correct perception has been described to be the function of [[mana]] and [[vata]]. [[Vata]] is the entity which joins the [[mana]] and the above stated three other components. The functions of [[mana]] and [[vata]] account for in the modern medical sciences to that of the nervous system and its components.  

Perception by the sense organs occurs through conduction by the peripheral nerves to the brain. Some of the sensory ''arishta'' perceptions described in this chapter are now also described in the modern medical science. The conditions due to defect in the nervous system and peripheral nerves such as Dysosmia (Distorted identification of smell), Parosmia (Altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor, usually unpleasant), Phantosmia (detection of smells which are not present), Ageusia (Inability to taste), Dysgeusia  (Distorted ability to taste), paraesthesias (altered tactile perception) etc..  Some of these are described in this chapter as an indicator of forthcoming death.

Perception by the sense organs occurs through conduction by the peripheral nerves to the brain. Some of the sensory [[arishta]] perceptions described in this chapter are now also described in the modern medical science. The conditions due to defect in the nervous system and peripheral nerves such as Dysosmia (Distorted identification of smell), Parosmia (Altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor, usually unpleasant), Phantosmia (detection of smells which are not present), Ageusia (Inability to taste), Dysgeusia  (Distorted ability to taste), paraesthesias (altered tactile perception) etc..  Some of these are described in this chapter as an indicator of forthcoming death.

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Normally all senses are specific for a special purpose. One cannot be a replaced by another. Usually there is a good synchrony seen during functioning of sensory organs.  

Normally all senses are specific for a special purpose. One cannot be a replaced by another. Usually there is a good synchrony seen during functioning of sensory organs.  

''Achara rasayana'' (Code and conduct of society): A child and his ''indriya'' start getting trained according to codes and conducts of the society soon after birth and grow in that society normally and there is continued training throughout life. ''Pragyaparadha'' (intellectual errors) leads to altered behavior by false and uncontrolled perception by ''indriya'' or senses, this can also occur because of alcohol, substance abuse or mental illness etc. If there is no known cause for the altered behavior then it can be called ''arishta'' and has been considered as a sign of fatality.  

=== Ideal code and conduct (achara rasayana) ===

 

A child and his senses (indriya) start getting trained according to codes and conducts of the society soon after birth and grow in that society normally and there is continued training throughout life. Intellectual errors ([[Pragyaparadha]]) leads to altered behavior by false and uncontrolled perception by senses, this can also occur because of alcohol, substance abuse or mental illness etc. If there is no known cause for the altered behavior then it can be called bad prognostic feature ([[arishta]]) and has been considered as a sign of fatality.

 

 

 

 

 

 

'''Acknowledgement:''' The contributors acknowledge support of Dr. M. Prasad and Dr.G.Kshama for providing tables from their published article referred in this chapter.

This chapter deals about the various perversions of the perception of the sensory organs. All these symptoms resemble the manifestations also seen in psychiatric conditions. It is important to keep in mind that ''arishta lakshana'' should be considered after excluding known conditions causing such symptoms, then only they should be valued as a tool to gauge span of life.

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