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|title=Aupasargika roga (contagious diseases)

|title=Aupasargika roga (contagious diseases)

|titlemode=append

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|keywords=Aupasargika roga, carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita online, aupasargika meaning, Sankramaka vyadhi (contagious disease), samsargaja vyadhi (infectious diseases), Role of aupsargika roga in current era, aupasargika diseases list  

|keywords=Aupasargika roga, carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita online, aupasargika meaning, Sankramaka vyadhi (contagious disease), samsargaja vyadhi (infectious diseases), Role of aupasargika roga in current era, aupasargika diseases list, Basisht G., Deole YS, Sapra U., Charak Samhita, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, contagious diseases, epidemics, endemics, pandemics, Covid-19, seed and soil theory, defencive system, healthcare, immunity, vyadhikshamatva 

|description=Matra basti is a type of unctuous enema (sneha basti), in which small amount of sneha (unctuous substance/ medicated fat) is administered through rectum.  

|description=Aupasargika roga means contagious diseases. Prevention and treatment strategies for these diseases are important for social health.

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=carak samhita

|image_alt=carak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

<p style="text-align:justify;">The word aupasargika means contagious. The [[Vyadhi|diseases]] that spread from one person or organism to another person or organism are ‘aupasargika [[Vyadhi|roga]]’. These types of diseases can spread through the same or the other pathogenic factors (microbes) like protozoa, yeast, bacteria, virus etc. [[Ayurveda]] classics have mentioned concept of epidemic/pandemic in context of [[janapadodhvansa]] (community destruction). Air pollution, water pollution, climate changes and environmental factors are responsible for the spread of diseases on large scale resulting in epidemics/pandemic. Causes of vitiation of air, water, climate and place along with their characteristics are described in context of [[janapadodhvansa]]. The causes of contagious diseases are also described in ancient classical texts at various places. Technological advances in medical science have enabled us to know precise micro-organisms responsible for causing and spreading contagious diseases. This chapter deals with the diagnosis and principles of management of contagious diseases described in [[ayurveda]] and its contemporary practices. </p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">The word aupasargika means contagious. The [[Vyadhi|diseases]] that spread from one person or organism to another person or organism are ‘aupasargika [[Vyadhi|roga]]’. These types of diseases can spread through the same or the other pathogenic factors (microbes) like protozoa, yeast, bacteria, viruses etc. [[Ayurveda]] classics have mentioned the concept of epidemic/pandemic in the context of [[janapadodhvansa]] (community destruction). Air pollution, water pollution, climate change, and environmental factors are responsible for the spread of diseases on a large scale, resulting in epidemics/pandemics. Causes of vitiation of air, water, climate and place along with their characteristics are described in context of [[janapadodhvansa]]. The causes of contagious [[diseases]] are also described in ancient classical texts at various places. Technological advances in medical science have enabled us to know precise micro-organisms responsible for causing and spreading contagious [diseases]]. This chapter deals with the diagnosis and principles of management of contagious [[diseases]] described in [[ayurveda]] and its contemporary practices. </p>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|title =  Contributors

|title =  Contributors

==Synonyms==

==Synonyms==

*Sankramaka vyadhi (contagious disease)

*Sankramaka [[vyadhi]] (contagious [[diseases]])

*samsargaja vyadhi (infectious diseases)

*samsargaja [[vyadhi]] (infectious [[diseases]])

== Difference in infectious disease and contagious disease==

== Difference in infectious [[disease]] and contagious [[disease]] ==

A clinically manifested disease of man caused by a micro-organism is an infectious disease. The disease that spreads from one person to another person is a contagious disease. All infectious diseases are not contagious.  

 

A clinically manifested [[disease]] of man caused by a micro-organism is an infectious [[disease]]. The [[disease]] that spreads from one person to another person is a contagious [[disease]]. All infectious [[diseases]] are not contagious.  

==Mode of transmission==

==Mode of transmission==

Sushruta observed the modes of transmission of contagious diseases and listed them as follows. [Su.Sa.Nidansthan5/33-34]

 

Sushruta observed the modes of transmission of contagious [[diseases]] and listed them as follows. [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthan 5/33-34]

*Close physical contact (prasangat)

*Close physical contact (prasangat)

*Touching the affected person (gatra samsparshat)

*Touching the affected person (gatra samsparshat)

*Using clothes, ornaments etc. of affected person (vastra mala anulepanat).

*Using clothes, ornaments etc. of affected person (vastra mala anulepanat).

There are seven types of diseases as per acharya Sushruta. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 24/4 Vyadhisamuddeshiya] These are  

There are seven types of [[diseases]] as per acharya Sushruta. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 24/4 Vyadhisamuddeshiya] These are  

#Adibala pravrutta (hereditary diseases)

#Adibala pravrutta (hereditary [[diseases]])

#Janmabala pravrutta (congenital diseases)

#Janmabala pravrutta (congenital [[diseases]])

# Doshabala pravrutta (dosha dominant diseases)

# Doshabala pravrutta (dosha dominant [[diseases]])

#Sanghatabala pravrutta (accidental bites, attack of animals)

#Sanghatabala pravrutta (accidental bites, attack of animals)

#Kaala bala pravrutta (time/age/season related based diseases)

#Kaala bala pravrutta (time/age/season related based [[diseases]])

#Daiva bala pravrutta (diseases caused due to previous deeds etc.)

#Daiva bala pravrutta ([[diseases]] caused due to previous deeds etc.)

# Swabhava bala pravrutta (diseases occurs due to natural processes like ageing, death) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 24/4]

# Swabhava bala pravrutta ([[diseases]] occurs due to natural processes like ageing, death) [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 24/4]

Daiva bala pravrutta diseases (previous deeds)are classified as [Su.Sa.Sutrasthan24/7]

Daiva bala pravrutta [[diseases]] (previous deeds) are classified as [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 24/7]

# Contagious or communicable (aupasargika roga)

# Contagious or communicable (aupasargika roga)

#Accidental (akasmik)

#Accidental (akasmik)

==List of diseases ==

==List of [[diseases]] ==

Ayurveda texts have listed the diseases that can spread through above means as below:

Ayurveda texts have listed the [[diseases]] that can spread through above means as below:

*Kushtha (~skin diseases)

*[[Kushtha]] (~skin [[diseases]])

*Jwara (~fever)

*[[Jwara]] (~fever)

*Netrabhishyanada (~conjunctivitis)

*Netrabhishyanada (~conjunctivitis)

*Shosha (~emaciation/tuberculosis)

*[[Shosha]] (~emaciation/tuberculosis)

*Visuchika (~cholera)

*Visuchika (~cholera)

*Shleshmak jwara with pratishyaya (fever with rhinitis)

*Shleshmak jwara with pratishyaya (fever with rhinitis)

*Influenza

*Influenza

*Masurika (chickenpox)

*Masurika (chickenpox)

* Romantika (measles)

*Romantika (measles)

* Granthi (cysts)

*Granthi (cysts)

*Visarpa (erysipelas)

*[[Visarpa]] (erysipelas)

*Kandu (pruritus)

*Kandu (pruritus)

===Bhavamishra described following Aupsargika diseases:===

=== Aupsargika [[diseases]] described by Bhavamishra===

 

*Kandu (pruritus)

*Kandu (pruritus)

*Kushtha (skin diseases)

*Kushtha (skin [[diseases]])

*Upadansha (sexually transmitted disease like chancroid/soft chancre)

*Upadansha (sexually transmitted disease like chancroid/soft chancre)

*Bhuta-unmada (psychosis due to infection of micro-organisms)

*Bhuta-unmada (psychosis due to infection of micro-organisms)

*Jwara (fever)

*Jwara (fever)

===Dalhana described following aupasargika diseases: ===

===Dalhana described following aupasargika [[diseases]] ===

Shwasa (respiratory disorder), kasa (cough) and pratishyaya (allergic rhinitis) diseases can spread through droplet infection. Jwara (fever) and masurika can spread through skin contact.

 

[[Shwasa]] (respiratory disorder), [[kasa]] (cough) and pratishyaya (allergic rhinitis) [[diseases]] can spread through droplet infection. Jwara (fever) and masurika can spread through skin contact.

==Causes==

==Causes==

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>The causes of abovementioned diseases are described in the respective chapters. However, the contagious nature of the diseases can affect other person susceptible for similar diseases.  </li>

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>The causes of abovementioned [[diseases]] are described in the respective chapters. However, the contagious nature of the [[diseases]] can affect other person susceptible for similar [[diseases]].  </li>

<li>Ayurveda believe in seed and soil theory, where seeds are microorganisms like bacteria, virus etc. and soil is body. When the soil is healthy, then no disease can prevail in the body. But if the seeds are more potent, they can produce a disease. Therefore, the occurrence of diseases depend on interaction of dosha, dushya, and causes. If the inherent immunity (vyadhikshamatva) is superior, then the affecting micro-organisms cannot multiply and cause diseases. However, if the immunity is poor, then the micro-organisms can lead to infectious diseases. The transmission of microbes from one person to other depends on nature of microbe and availability of its favourable transmission mode like air, soil, water etc. </li>

<li>[[Ayurveda]] believe in seed and soil theory, where seeds are microorganisms like bacteria, virus etc., and soil is body. When the soil is healthy, then no disease can prevail in the body. But if the seeds are more potent, they can produce a disease. Therefore, the occurrence of [[diseases]] depends on the interaction of [[dosha]], [[Dushya]], and causes ([[hetu]]). If the inherent immunity ([[vyadhikshamatva]]) is superior, then the affecting micro-organisms cannot multiply and cause [[diseases]]. However, if the immunity is poor, then the micro-organisms can lead to infectious [[diseases]]. The transmission of microbes from one person to other depends on nature of microbe and availability of its favourable transmission mode like air, soil, water etc. </li>

<li>As per contemporary medical literature, communicable diseases are caused by viruses or bacteria. These micro-organisms are transmitted to one another through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, blood products, insect bites, or through the air. The modes of transmission are described by Sushruta as mentioned earlier.</li></ul>

<li>As per contemporary medical literature, communicable [[diseases]] are caused by viruses or bacteria. These micro-organisms are transmitted to one another through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, blood products, insect bites, or through the air. The modes of transmission are described by Sushruta as mentioned earlier.</li></ul>

==Role of aupsargika roga in current era==

==Role of aupsargika roga in current era==

==Root cause for epidemics (janapadodhawansa)-==

<p style="text-align:justify;">Root cause for vitiation of air etc. factors is 'adharma' or misdeeds performed by intellectual errors (prajnaparadha). Sinful acts may be in the form of wars, demons, germs & curse.  In the present day, sinful act can include different activities like antinational elements indulging in bomb blast, crime, deforestation, not obeying government rules in the industries, discharge of untreated polluted water in to the river, automobile pollutions etc., which produce air pollution. Disposal of waste water in an improper method on land leads to pollution of soil. The basic cause of such act is intellectual errors (prajnaparadha), due to rajas & tamas predominance resulting in greed, selfishness, tendency to harm people, jealousy & anger. All these factors not only influence the individual, but also the society leading to janapadodhwansa.</p>

 

==Root cause for epidemics ([[janapadodhawansa]])==

 

<p style="text-align:justify;">Root cause for vitiation of air etc. factors is 'adharma' or misdeeds performed by intellectual errors (prajnaparadha). Sinful acts may be in the form of wars, demons, germs & curse.  In the present day, sinful acts can include different activities like antinational elements indulging in bomb blast, crime, deforestation, not obeying government rules in the industries, discharge of untreated polluted water in to the river, automobile pollution etc., which produce air pollution. Disposal of wastewater in an improper method on land leads to pollution of soil. The basic cause of such act is intellectual errors (prajnaparadha), due to rajas & tamas predominance resulting in greed, selfishness, tendency to harm people, jealousy & anger. All these factors influence not only the individual, but also the society, leading to [[janapadodhwansa]].</p>

==Preventive aspects==

==Preventive aspects==

<p style="text-align:justify;">Ayurveda durably gives priority to preservation of health of healthy person. Immunity plays a major role in occurrence and non-occurrence of any disease especially in such type of infectious disease. Ayurveda believe in ‘sahaja bala’ (inherent immunity) of person. If that is reduced, then thepossibility of getting infection is more. So, Ayurveda recommends a comprehensive regimen for safeguarding health and increasing vyadhikshamatva (immunity) as a code of the health conduct viz ‘swasthavritta’. It includes following practices: [Cha.Sa.Sutrasthan 7/53-60][Cha.Sa.Vimansthan3/13-17]</p>

 

*Dinacharya (daily code of health conduct)

<p style="text-align:justify;">[[Ayurveda]] durably gives priority to preservation of [[health]] of healthy person. Immunity plays a major role in occurrence and non-occurrence of any [[disease]], especially in such type of infectious [[disease]]. [[Ayurveda]] believes in ‘Sahaja [[bala]]’ (inherent immunity) of person. If that is reduced, then the possibility of getting an infection is greater. So, [[ayurveda]] recommends a comprehensive regimen for safeguarding health and increasing [[vyadhikshamatva]] (immunity) as a code of the health conduct viz ‘swasthavritta’. It includes the following practices: [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 7/53-60], [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 3/13-17]</p>

*Ritucharya (conduct in relation to various seasons)

 

*Sadvritta (details about life style, diet,

*[[Dinacharya]] (daily code of health conduct)

exercise, personal and social hygiene)

*[[Ritucharya (conduct in relation to various seasons)

* Avoiding prajnaparadha (intellectual errors)

*[[Sadvritta]] (details about life style, [[diet]], [[exercise]], personal and social hygiene)

*Controlling senses (indriyopashama)

*Avoiding [[prajnaparadha]] (intellectual errors)

*Controlling senses ([[indriya]]pashama)

*Memorizing the health protocols and following it

*Memorizing the health protocols and following it

*Shodhana (suitable purification therapies as per season and constitution).

*[[Shodhana]] (suitable purification therapies as per season and constitution).

*Following advices given by authorities and elder persons

*Following advices given by authorities and elder persons

*Ahara vidhi (dietary guidelines) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 7/53-54]

*[[Ahara vidhi]] (dietary guidelines) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/53-54]

These all-precautionary measures not only aid to increasing immunity, but also resist the mode of transmission of infectious agents like bacteria, viruses and fungi. The preventive measures as advised in janapadodhwansa shall also be followed.  

These all-precautionary measures not only aid to increasing immunity, but also resist the mode of transmission of infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The preventive measures as advised in [[janapadodhwansa]] shall also be followed.  

== Treatment measures==

== Treatment measures==

Krimi is an organism that invades human body. It is generally referred as worms and micro-organisms. The treatment protocol for krimi is as follow  [Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 7/14]

Krimi is an organism that invades human body. It is generally referred as worms and micro-organisms. The treatment protocol for krimi is as follows [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/14]

'''Apkarshana: '''Removing krimi manually or with techniques or therapeutically by purification procedures   

 

'''Apakarshana: '''Removing krimi manually or with techniques or therapeutically by purification procedures   

 

'''Prakritivighat: '''The therapies to eradicate favorable environment for krimi are done so as to prevent recurrence.  

'''Prakritivighat: '''The therapies to eradicate favorable environment for krimi are done so as to prevent recurrence.  

'''Nidana anupsevana: '''The specific dietary causes are avoided.  

'''Nidana anupsevana: '''The specific dietary causes are avoided.  

==Protocol for prevention of spread of infection==

==Protocol for prevention of spread of infection==

*Maintaining hygiene to prevent growth of microorganism

*Maintaining hygiene to prevent growth of microorganism

*Avoiding direct contact with infected individual

*Avoiding direct contact with an infected individual

*Safe handling of patient care

*Safe handling of patient care

*Controlling spread of micro-organisms in environment

*Controlling the spread of micro-organisms in the environment

 

<p style="text-align:justify;">New [[disease]] like COVID19 is one of recently known aupasargika [[roga]] (contagious or infectious [[diseases]]). The studies on the effect of Ayurveda formulations and therapies in the management of COVID-19 are supportive of the protocol of management of aupasargika roga. Few important studies related with the ayurvedic management of COVID-19 are highlighted as follows: </p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">New disease like COVID19 is one of recently known aupasargika roga (contagious or infectious diseases). The studies on effect of Ayurveda formulations and therapies in management of COVID-19 are supportive to the protocol of management of aupasargika roga. Few important studies related with the ayurvedic management of COVID19 are highlighted as follows: </p>

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>In a case report, P.L.T Girija et al<ref name="ref1">Girija P.L.T, Sivan N. Ayurvedic treatment of COVID-19: A case report.Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine,2022,13(1):100329.</ref> noticed that the COVID-19 patient’s condition did not deteriorate when ayurvedic treatment was taken. Despite the patient having severe cough and fever more than 39.1°C, the patient’s condition did not worsen and develop breathlessness. Median time for onset of symptoms to recovery in mild and severe cases was 2 and 3–6 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, time interval between onset and developing severe symptoms such as hypoxia was one week. This patient had recovered in 7 days. Hence, it can be said that the duration of the disease was presumably shorter, because of the ayurvedic medicines. The regulated diet played an important supportive role in the cure. The diet advised was soup made of mung dal and cooked parboiled rice which is easy to digest (laghu) and stimulated the digestive power ([[agni]] [[deepana]]) and it nourished the patient. </li>

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>In a case report, P.L.T Girija et al<ref name="ref1">Girija P.L.T, Sivan N. Ayurvedic treatment of COVID-19: A case report.Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine,2022,13(1):100329.</ref> noticed that the COVID-19 patient’s condition did not deteriorate when ayurvedic treatment was taken. Despite the patient having severe cough and fever more than 39.1°C, the patient’s condition did not worsen and develop breathlessness. Median time for onset of symptoms to recovery in mild and severe cases was 2 and 3–6 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, time interval between onset and developing severe symptoms such as hypoxia was one week. This patient had recovered in 7 days. Hence, it can be said that the duration of the disease was presumably shorter, because of the ayurvedic medicines. The regulated diet played an important supportive role in the cure. The diet advised was soup made of mung dal and cooked parboiled rice which is easy to digest (laghu) and stimulated the digestive power (agni deepanam) and it nourished the patient. </li>

<li>Ram Deo Pandit et al<ref name="ref2">Pandit R.D, Singh R.K. COVID-19 Ayurveda treatment protocol of governmentsof Nepal and India: A review and perspective. Applied Science & Technology Annals,2020, Vol.1, No.1 :72-80.</ref> concluded that polyherbal drugs in the protocol should be taken into series of clinical trials to test its effectiveness against COVID-19 and discover the pharmaco-clinical evidences and prove effectiveness. Immunity is vital factor in the management of COVID-19 pandemic condition. The prevention /arrest of pandemic can be achieved by adopting proper food habits and life styles as well as regularly taking the rasayanas.  It is need of time to implement  these    principles  in    National health policies  to  make  the  Nation  healthy.  </li>

<li>Ram Deo Pandit et al<ref name="ref2">Pandit R.D, Singh R.K. COVID-19 Ayurveda treatment protocol of governmentsof Nepal and India: A review and perspective. Applied Science & Technology Annals,2020, Vol.1, No.1 :72-80.</ref> concluded that polyherbal drugs in the protocol should be taken into series of clinical trials to test its effectiveness against COVID-19 and discover the pharmaco-clinical evidences and prove effectiveness. Immunity is vital factor in the management of COVID-19 pandemic condition. The prevention /arrest of pandemic can be achieved by adopting proper food habits and life styles as well as regularly taking the rasayanas.  It is need of time to implement  these    principles  in    National health policies  to  make  the  Nation  healthy.  </li>

<li>In a case report on COVID-19 patient with hypoxia by Jyoti Anand Joshi<ref name="ref3">Joshi J.A, Puthiyedath R. Outcomes of Ayurvedic care in a COVID-19 patient with hypoxia – A case report. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2022, 13 (1): 100363.</ref> suggested the potential of ayurvedic supportive care for recovery of COVID-19 patients even when they are oxygen-dependent. In this case, the patient declined Fabiflu because of the prohibitive cost, uncertainty of benefits and potential side-effects. Ayurvedic care based on an individualised and whole system approach could fill gaps and unmet needs in our response to the COVID-19 challenge.</li>

<li>In a case report on COVID-19 patient with hypoxia by Jyoti Anand Joshi<ref name="ref3">Joshi J.A, Puthiyedath R. Outcomes of Ayurvedic care in a COVID-19 patient with hypoxia – A case report. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2022, 13 (1): 100363.</ref> suggested the potential of ayurvedic supportive care for recovery of COVID-19 patients even when they are oxygen-dependent. In this case, the patient declined Fabiflu because of the prohibitive cost, uncertainty of benefits and potential side-effects. Ayurvedic care based on an individualised and whole system approach could fill gaps and unmet needs in our response to the COVID-19 challenge.</li>

<li>A study conducted by Anup Thakar<ref name="ref4">Thakar A, Panara K et.ol. Add-on Ayurveda Treatment for Early Stage COVID-19: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study From Gujarat, India. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine. 2021, Volume 26:1-7.</ref> et al. suggested that ayurveda treatment as adjunctive might be more effective in mild/ early stage COVID-19 patients as compared to stand alone conventional care. This may provide leads to generate hypotheses for designing future studies such as by helping identify the potential drug candidates from Ayurveda treatment and provide preliminary evidence for further clinical use in COVID-19 patients.</li>

<li>A study conducted by Anup Thakar<ref name="ref4">Thakar A, Panara K et.ol. Add-on Ayurveda Treatment for Early Stage COVID-19: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study From Gujarat, India. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine. 2021, Volume 26:1-7.</ref> et al. suggested that ayurveda treatment as adjunctive might be more effective in mild/early-stage COVID-19 patients as compared to stand alone conventional care. This may provide leads to generate hypotheses for designing future studies, such as by helping identify the potential drug candidates from Ayurveda treatment and provide preliminary evidence for further clinical use in COVID-19 patients.</li>

<li>Shivangi Talwar<ref name="ref5">Talwar S, SoodS et.ol. Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020. Clinical Pharmacology,2020; 6(6): 354–363.</ref> et al. reviewed ayurveda and allopathic therapeutic strategies in Coronavirus pandemic treatment and summarizes the utility of currently opted therapies for COVID-19. No suitable medicine was found to exist for this virus infection. The rapidly increasing patient’s data of COVID-19 is triggering scientific communities to come forward to develop some possible therapy. The most reassuring treatment is considered to be remdesivir. This drug is known to possess strong antiviral activity as proven by several in vitro studies. Oseltamivir has not presented with suitability, and corticosteroids are at present not recommended. On the other hand, homeopathy and Ayurveda may be promising, but not applicable towards all types of patients. Therefore, the present study concluded that COVID-19 infection can be prevented by following government guidelines and opting immune-boosting Ayurveda routes.</li>

<li>Shivangi Talwar<ref name="ref5">Talwar S, Sood S et. al. Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020. Clinical Pharmacology,2020; 6(6): 354–363.</ref> et al. reviewed ayurveda and allopathic therapeutic strategies in Coronavirus pandemic treatment and summarizes the utility of currently opted therapies for COVID-19. No suitable medicine was found to exist for this virus infection. The rapidly increasing patient’s data of COVID-19 is triggering scientific communities to come forward to develop some possible therapy. The most reassuring treatment is considered to be remdesivir. This drug is known to possess strong antiviral activity as proven by several in vitro studies. Oseltamivir has not presented with suitability, and corticosteroids are at present not recommended. On the other hand, homeopathy and Ayurveda may be promising, but not applicable towards all types of patients. Therefore, the present study concluded that COVID-19 infection can be prevented by following government guidelines and opting immune-boosting Ayurveda routes.</li>

<li>In a study, Alka Mishra<ref name="ref6">Mishra A. et. ol. The use of integrative therapy based on Yoga and Ayurveda in the treatment of a high-risk case of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 with multiple comorbidities: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2021; 15:95.</ref> et al found that the Integrative therapy was effective in mitigating the symptoms of COVID-19 in a patient with multiple comorbidities. Moreover, a significant improvement in blood sugar levels was also achieved. </li>

<li>In a study, Alka Mishra<ref name="ref6">Mishra A. et. ol. The use of integrative therapy based on Yoga and Ayurveda in the treatment of a high-risk case of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 with multiple comorbidities: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2021; 15:95.</ref> et al found that the Integrative therapy was effective in mitigating the symptoms of COVID-19 in a patient with multiple comorbidities. Moreover, a significant improvement in blood sugar levels was also achieved. </li>

<li>In a paper published by Ram Manohar<ref name="ref7">Puthiyedath R.et. ol. Ayurvedic clinical profile of COVID-19 – A preliminary report.Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2022; 1:100326.</ref> et. Al. on ayurvedic clinical profile of COVID-19 suggested that COVID-19 can be classified as agantuka jvara with a vata kapha pradhana sannipata presentation. The dominance of pitta in certain stages of the disease and in some patients should be considered. However, COVID-19 needs to be further subclassified under the category of vata kapha pradhana sannipata jvara on the basis of a more detailed analysis of clinical symptomatology of a cross section of COVID-19 patients representing diverse populations from different geographical regions in the world. It is possible to develop provisional Ayurvedic clinical classifications of COVID-19 in consultation with modern medical doctors treating COVID-19 patients an Interdisciplinary AYUSH research Task force for COVID -19 is the need of the hour. Such policy decisions may create a better integrative environment in the future which underlines the significance of this study.</li>

<li>In a paper published by Ram Manohar<ref name="ref7">Puthiyedath R.et. ol. Ayurvedic clinical profile of COVID-19 – A preliminary report.Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2022; 1:100326.</ref> et. Al. on ayurvedic clinical profile of COVID-19 suggested that COVID-19 can be classified as agantuka jvara with a vata kapha pradhana sannipata presentation. The dominance of pitta in certain stages of the disease and in some patients should be considered. However, COVID-19 needs to be further subclassified under the category of vata kapha pradhana sannipata jvara on the basis of a more detailed analysis of clinical symptomatology of a cross section of COVID-19 patients representing diverse populations from different geographical regions in the world. It is possible to develop provisional Ayurvedic clinical classifications of COVID-19 in consultation with modern medical doctors treating COVID-19 patients an Interdisciplinary AYUSH research Task force for COVID -19 is the need of the hour. Such policy decisions may create a better integrative environment in the future which underlines the significance of this study.</li>

<li>Abhimanyu Kumar<ref name="ref13">Abhimanyu K, Govind P, Sanjay S, Vinod K. G, Neha S.A Retrospective Study on Efficacy and Safety of GuduchiGhanVati for Covid-19 Asymptomatic Patients.</ref> concluded that Guduchi Ghana Vati could benefit in treating asymptomatic covid patients.</li>

<li>Abhimanyu Kumar<ref name="ref13">Abhimanyu K, Govind P, Sanjay S, Vinod K. G, Neha S.A Retrospective Study on Efficacy and Safety of GuduchiGhanVati for Covid-19 Asymptomatic Patients.</ref> concluded that Guduchi Ghana Vati could benefit in treating asymptomatic covid patients.</li>

<li>Himesh Soni<ref name="ref14">Himesh S, Sarvesh S, Jitender K. M. Synergistic prophylaxis on COVID -19 by Nature Golden Heartand Swarna Bhasma. Asian Journal of research in Dermatological Science, 2020; 3(2):21-27.</ref> Synergistic effect of herbs (Piper betle leaves) and swarna bhasma in combination taken regularly in dosage dependant manner can be used as prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment for corona patient.</li>

<li>Himesh Soni<ref name="ref14">Himesh S, Sarvesh S, Jitender K. M. Synergistic prophylaxis on COVID -19 by Nature Golden Heartand Swarna Bhasma. Asian Journal of research in Dermatological Science, 2020; 3(2):21-27.</ref> Synergistic effect of herbs (Piper betle leaves) and swarna bhasma in combination taken regularly in dosage dependant manner can be used as prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment for corona patient.</li>

<li>Priya Shree<ref name="ref15">Priya S, Priyanka M,Chandrabose S, Sanjeev K.S, Radha C,Neha G. Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Withaniasomnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) – a molecular docking study.Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 2022; 40(1):190-203.</ref> el al. concluded that active phytoconstituents of Ayurvedic medicinal plants Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi) predicted to significantly hinder main protease (M^pro or 3Cl^pro) of SARS-CoV-2.Through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation study, Withanoside V, Somniferine, Tinocordiside, Vicenin, Ursolic acid and Isorientin 4′-O-glucoside 2″-O-p-hydroxybenzoagte were anticipated to impede the activity of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro.</li></ol>

<li>Priya Shree<ref name="ref15">Priya S, Priyanka M,Chandrabose S, Sanjeev K.S, Radha C,Neha G. Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Withaniasomnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) – a molecular docking study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 2022; 40(1):190-203.</ref> el al. concluded that active phytoconstituents of Ayurvedic medicinal plants Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi) predicted to significantly hinder main protease (M^pro or 3Cl^pro) of SARS-CoV-2.Through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation study, Withanoside V, Somniferine, Tinocordiside, Vicenin, Ursolic acid and Isorientin 4′-O-glucoside 2″-O-p-hydroxybenzoagte were anticipated to impede the activity of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro.</li></ol>

==Conclusion==

==Summary==

<p style="text-align:justify;">From the above literature and research studies, it can be concluded that aupasargika roga (contagious diseases) are well described in the ayurvedic literature and the incidence has increased now. As ayurveda believe in seed and soil theory, where seeds are microorganisms like bacteria, virus etc and soil is body. So if soil is intact then no disease can prevail. In Harrison's text book of medicine, it is described that no disease can prevail in the body until or unless the body is prepared for that. From the experience of COVID19 pandemic, it can be understood that the immunity of the person is most important. If the person is having good immunity, the diseases like COVID19 may not be able to produce any harm to the patient. Therefore, just by following the proper diet, life style pattern, devoid of stress, greed, jealousy etc. along with dinacharya and ritucharya, one can maintain a healthy body and mind and the disease incidence will be negligible. </p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">From the above literature and research studies, it can be concluded that aupasargika roga (contagious [[diseases]]) are well described in the ayurvedic literature and the incidence has increased now. As [[ayurveda]] believe in seed and soil theory, where seeds are microorganisms like bacteria, virus, etc and soil is the body. So if the soil is intact, then no disease can prevail. Harrison's textbook of medicine describes that no disease can prevail in the body until or unless the body is prepared for that. From the experience of COVID19 pandemic, it can be understood that the immunity of the person is most important. If the person is having good immunity, the [[diseases]] like COVID19 may not be able to produce any harm to the patient. Therefore, just by following the proper diet, life style pattern, devoid of stress, greed, jealousy etc. along with [[dinacharya]] and [[ritucharya]], one can maintain a healthy body and mind and the disease incidence will be negligible. </p>

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