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| {{#seo: | | {{#seo: |
| |title=Nidana Sthana | | |title=Nidana Sthana |
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| |keywords=Nidana Sthana,Jwara Nidana, Raktapitta Nidana, Gulma Nidana, Prameha Nidana, Kushtha Nidana, Shosha Nidana, Unmada Nidana, Apasmara Nidana | | |keywords=Nidana Sthana,Jwara Nidana, Raktapitta Nidana, Gulma Nidana, Prameha Nidana, Kushtha Nidana, Shosha Nidana, Unmada Nidana, Apasmara Nidana |
| |description=The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases. The term Nidana is applied for knowing the origin of disease (vyadhijanaka) and comprehensive information of disease (vyadhibodhaka). | | |description=The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases. The term Nidana is applied for knowing the origin of disease (vyadhijanaka) and comprehensive information of disease (vyadhibodhaka). |
− | |image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | + | |image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg |
| |image_alt=charak samhita | | |image_alt=charak samhita |
| |type=article | | |type=article |
| }} | | }} |
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| {{Infobox | | {{Infobox |
| |title = [[Charak Samhita]] Nidana Sthana-Preamble | | |title = [[Charak Samhita]] Nidana Sthana-Preamble |
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| |data4 = [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]] | | |data4 = [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]] |
| |label5 = Author | | |label5 = Author |
− | |data5 = Deole Y. S. | + | |data5 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y. S.]] |
| |label6 = Reviewer | | |label6 = Reviewer |
− | |data6 = Basisht G. | + | |data6 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]] |
| |label7 = Editor | | |label7 = Editor |
− | |data7 = Basisht G. | + | |data7 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]] |
| |label8 = Year of publication | | |label8 = Year of publication |
| |data8 = 2020 | | |data8 = 2020 |
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| '''<big>Preamble of Nidana Sthana (Section on Diagnosis)</big>''' | | '''<big>Preamble of Nidana Sthana (Section on Diagnosis)</big>''' |
− | | + | <p style="text-align:justify;">The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases. The term Nidana is applied for knowing the origin of disease (vyadhijanaka) and comprehensive information of disease (vyadhibodhaka). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/1-2] </p> |
− | The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases. The term Nidana is applied for knowing the origin of disease (vyadhijanaka) and comprehensive information of disease (vyadhibodhaka). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/1-2] | |
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| ===Fundamental principles of diagnosis=== | | ===Fundamental principles of diagnosis=== |
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| Before knowing disease, one needs to know the self-healing capacity of the human being. This depends upon equilibrium of five components of health, namely [[dosha]] (regulatory functional factors of body and mind) , [[agni]] (digestive and metabolic capacity), [[dhatu]] (body tissues), [[mala]] (metabolic waste products) and psycho-spiritual state. Health is a state of equilibrium, whereas disease is a state of dis-equilibrium of any of these factors. | | Before knowing disease, one needs to know the self-healing capacity of the human being. This depends upon equilibrium of five components of health, namely [[dosha]] (regulatory functional factors of body and mind) , [[agni]] (digestive and metabolic capacity), [[dhatu]] (body tissues), [[mala]] (metabolic waste products) and psycho-spiritual state. Health is a state of equilibrium, whereas disease is a state of dis-equilibrium of any of these factors. |
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− | According to [[swabhavoparam vada]], the resolution / destruction of the existing always happens naturally in the course of time. So the nature itself heals disequilibrium.[[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya#Swabhavoparama vada (theory of natural destruction)|(Cha.Su.16/27)]] This aspect of host defense mechanism is important to be assessed for knowing natural healing capacity of an individual. In the fourth chapter,[[Prameha Nidana]], [[Prameha Nidana#Process of Onset of Disease|the process of onset of disease]] through interaction between aggravating and pacifying factors is described [[Prameha Nidana#Process of Onset of Disease|(Cha.Ni.4/4)]]. If the host defense factors are stronger than aggravating ones, then the disease will not occur and vice versa. Therefore, before making diagnosis of a disease, [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana#Examination of patient|examination of patient]] is important with emphasis on his [[prakriti]] (basic constitution), [[sara]] (quality of tissues) etc described in context of [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana#Examination of patient|ten fold examination of patient(Cha.Vi.8/94-131)]]. Every person has a unique constitution and hence the same biological investigations cannot be precise to assess his health status completely. Personalized assessment is important to diagnose normal and abnormal state of the individual. | + | According to [[swabhavoparam vada]], the resolution / destruction of the existing always happens naturally in the course of time. So the nature itself heals disequilibrium.[[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya#Swabhavoparama vada (theory of natural destruction)[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]].16/27].This aspect of host defense mechanism is important to be assessed for knowing natural healing capacity of an individual. In the fourth chapter,[[Prameha Nidana]], [[Prameha Nidana#Process of Onset of Disease|the process of onset of disease]] through interaction between aggravating and pacifying factors is described [[Prameha Nidana#Process of Onset of Disease|[Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 4/4]. If the host defense factors are stronger than aggravating ones, then the disease will not occur and vice versa. Therefore, before making a diagnosis of a disease, [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana#Examination of patient|examination of patient]] is important with emphasis on his [[prakriti]] (basic constitution), [[sara]] (quality of tissues) etc described in context of [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana#Examination of patient|ten fold examination of the patient[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/94-131]. Every person has a unique constitution and hence the same biological investigations cannot be precise to assess his health status completely. Personalized assessment is important to diagnose normal and abnormal state of the individual. |
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| ===Knowledge of disease=== | | ===Knowledge of disease=== |
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− | After thorough examination of an individual, one shall evaluate the disease. The second part of diagnostic protocol provides comprehensive knowledge of disease. This includes the methods to elucidate causative factors ([[hetu]]), observe premonitory signs and symptoms ([[purvarupa]]), clinical features[[rupa]], pathogenesis ([[samprapti]]), and pacifying factors ([[upashaya]]). The set of these five diagnostic tools is called as 'Nidana Panchaka'. This is described and applied in clinical practice to know each disequilibrium condition. | + | After thorough examination of an individual, one shall evaluate the disease. The second part of diagnostic protocol provides comprehensive knowledge of disease. This includes the methods to elucidate causative factors ([[hetu]]), observe premonitory signs and symptoms ([[purvarupa]]), clinical features ([[rupa]]), pathogenesis ([[samprapti]]), and pacifying factors ([[upashaya]]). The set of these five diagnostic tools is called as 'Nidana Panchaka'. This is described and applied in clinical practice to know each disequilibrium condition. |
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| The phenomena of a disease causing another disease is described as [[Nidanarthakara roga]]. [[Upadrava]] (complications), [[Udarka]] (marks of disease after it is cured) are applied for knowing the cause-effect relationship in pathogenesis of disease. | | The phenomena of a disease causing another disease is described as [[Nidanarthakara roga]]. [[Upadrava]] (complications), [[Udarka]] (marks of disease after it is cured) are applied for knowing the cause-effect relationship in pathogenesis of disease. |
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| * The third chapter, [[Gulma Nidana]], deals with [[mamsa]] [[dhatu]](muscle tissue) predominantly. This chapter describes diagnosis of lumps in abdomen, tumors. | | * The third chapter, [[Gulma Nidana]], deals with [[mamsa]] [[dhatu]](muscle tissue) predominantly. This chapter describes diagnosis of lumps in abdomen, tumors. |
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− | * The fourth chapter, [[Prameha Nidana]], involves [[meda]] [[dhatu]] (tissue fat) predominantly. This chapter describes the diagnosis of disorders of lipid metabolism, obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes. | + | * The fourth chapter, [[Prameha Nidana]], involves [[Meda dhatu|meda]] [[dhatu]] (tissue fat) predominantly. This chapter describes the diagnosis of disorders of lipid metabolism, obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes. |
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− | * The fifth chapter, [[Kushtha Nidana]], involves seven [[dushyas]] (vitiated factors). This chapter deals with diagnosis of skin disorders. | + | * The fifth chapter, [[Kushtha Nidana]], involves seven [[dushya]] (vitiated factors). This chapter deals with diagnosis of skin disorders. |
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| * The sixth chapter, [[Shosha Nidana]], deals with the pathology of emaciation. This chapter describes diagnosis of degenerative disorders that involve depletion of body tissues. | | * The sixth chapter, [[Shosha Nidana]], deals with the pathology of emaciation. This chapter describes diagnosis of degenerative disorders that involve depletion of body tissues. |
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| * Its pathogenesis | | * Its pathogenesis |
| * Origin or site of lesion and location of presentation | | * Origin or site of lesion and location of presentation |
− | * Etiological factors. [[Trishothiya Adhyaya#Identification of new diseases|(Cha.Su. 18/44-47)]] | + | * Etiological factors. [[Sutra Sthana|[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/44-47]]] |
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| ===Importance of studying Nidana section === | | ===Importance of studying Nidana section === |
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| ===Researches=== | | ===Researches=== |
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− | #A team of researchers compiled all Sanskrit texts of [[Nidana Sthana]] in a project report.<ref>Critical Edition of Charaka Nidana Sthana available from http://ayushportal.nic.in/EMR/LITERARY_FINAL_REPORT-1.pdf downloaded on 17/04/2019</ref> | + | #A team of researchers compiled all Sanskrit texts of [[Nidana Sthana]] of Charak Samhita in a project report.<ref>Critical Edition of Charaka Nidana Sthana available from http://ayushportal.nic.in/EMR/LITERARY_FINAL_REPORT-1.pdf downloaded on 17/04/2019</ref> |
| #Shrirang S.G. have done a critical study on Nidana Sthana with special reference to [[Prameha Nidana]] <ref> Shrirang S.G. Thesis on Critical Study Of Caraka Nidana Sthana With Special Reference To Prameha . Department of Samhita . Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in [[Ayurveda]], Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar . 2000</ref> | | #Shrirang S.G. have done a critical study on Nidana Sthana with special reference to [[Prameha Nidana]] <ref> Shrirang S.G. Thesis on Critical Study Of Caraka Nidana Sthana With Special Reference To Prameha . Department of Samhita . Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in [[Ayurveda]], Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar . 2000</ref> |
| #Shashirekha H. K. has studied [[Shosha Nidana]] described in [[Nidana Sthana]]. <ref>Shashirekha H K . A Study On Caraka Nidana Sthana With Special Reference To Shosha . Swasthavritta . Dr. Basavaraj Nagur Memorial Rural Ayurvedic Medical College And Hospital (Dr. B N M R), Bijapur .2010</ref> | | #Shashirekha H. K. has studied [[Shosha Nidana]] described in [[Nidana Sthana]]. <ref>Shashirekha H K . A Study On Caraka Nidana Sthana With Special Reference To Shosha . Swasthavritta . Dr. Basavaraj Nagur Memorial Rural Ayurvedic Medical College And Hospital (Dr. B N M R), Bijapur .2010</ref> |
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| * [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]] | | * [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]] |
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− | Moreover each chapter of [[Chikitsa sthana]] describes the five assessment tools (nidana panchaka) of respective diseases. | + | Moreover each chapter of [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa sthana]] describes the five assessment tools (nidana panchaka) of respective diseases. |
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| === All Abstracts === | | === All Abstracts === |
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| The new learners of Nidana sthana can read all abstracts of chapters of this section on the [[Abstracts- Nidana Sthana]] page. | | The new learners of Nidana sthana can read all abstracts of chapters of this section on the [[Abstracts- Nidana Sthana]] page. |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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