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=== Abstract ===
 
=== Abstract ===
 
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The seventh chapter [[Pannarupiya]] deals with the loss of shadow image in eyes, changes in complexion and luster indicative of imminent death. Difference between shadow and luster is also explained in this chapter with characteristic features of shadows pertaining to each of ''pancha mahabhuta''. The chapter focuses on fatal prognostic features related to complexion and luster.  
 
The seventh chapter [[Pannarupiya]] deals with the loss of shadow image in eyes, changes in complexion and luster indicative of imminent death. Difference between shadow and luster is also explained in this chapter with characteristic features of shadows pertaining to each of ''pancha mahabhuta''. The chapter focuses on fatal prognostic features related to complexion and luster.  
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If there is any distortion in the image of the examiner reflected as a shadow in the pupil of the patient, should be considered as a sign of imminent death of the patient. ''Nimittanurupa vikriti'' (image pertaining to death) will serve as a yard stick to measure the span of life.
 
If there is any distortion in the image of the examiner reflected as a shadow in the pupil of the patient, should be considered as a sign of imminent death of the patient. ''Nimittanurupa vikriti'' (image pertaining to death) will serve as a yard stick to measure the span of life.
 
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===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===
 
===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===
 
 
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etAshcAnyAshca yAH kAshcit praticchAyA vigarhitAH|  
 
etAshcAnyAshca yAH kAshcit praticchAyA vigarhitAH|  
 
sarvA mumUrShatAM j~jeyA na cellakShyanimittajAH||6||
 
sarvA mumUrShatAM j~jeyA na cellakShyanimittajAH||6||
 
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Observation of shadow of a patient as broken, torn, hazy, devoid of certain organs, seeing excess organs, not conspicuous, bifurcated, deformed and without head, such other similar abnormal shadows if develops without any apparent cause it is considered as severe morbidity.[5-6]
 
Observation of shadow of a patient as broken, torn, hazy, devoid of certain organs, seeing excess organs, not conspicuous, bifurcated, deformed and without head, such other similar abnormal shadows if develops without any apparent cause it is considered as severe morbidity.[5-6]
 
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संस्थानेन प्रमाणेन वर्णेन प्रभया तथा|  
 
संस्थानेन प्रमाणेन वर्णेन प्रभया तथा|  
 
छाया विवर्तते यस्य स्वस्थोऽपि प्रेत एव सः||७||  
 
छाया विवर्तते यस्य स्वस्थोऽपि प्रेत एव सः||७||  
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pratipramANasaMsthAnA jalAdarshAtapAdiShu|  
 
pratipramANasaMsthAnA jalAdarshAtapAdiShu|  
 
chAyA yA sA praticchAyA cchAyA varNaprabhAshrayA||9||  
 
chAyA yA sA praticchAyA cchAyA varNaprabhAshrayA||9||  
 
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The term ''sansthana'' means shape which may be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
 
The term ''sansthana'' means shape which may be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
 
Measurement is of three kinds namely short, medium, and large The image reflected in water, mirror, etc., corresponding to the measurement and shape of the body of the individual is known as ''praticchhaya'' which is nothing but reflected shadow based on the color and luster of the individual.[8-9]
 
Measurement is of three kinds namely short, medium, and large The image reflected in water, mirror, etc., corresponding to the measurement and shape of the body of the individual is known as ''praticchhaya'' which is nothing but reflected shadow based on the color and luster of the individual.[8-9]
 
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==== Features of Shadow of ''Pancha-Mahabhuta'' ====
 
==== Features of Shadow of ''Pancha-Mahabhuta'' ====
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tAsAM yAH syurvikAsinyaH snigdhAshca vipulAshca yAH|  
 
tAsAM yAH syurvikAsinyaH snigdhAshca vipulAshca yAH|  
 
tAH shubhA rUkShamalinAH sa~gkShiptAshcAshubhodayAH||15||  
 
tAH shubhA rUkShamalinAH sa~gkShiptAshcAshubhodayAH||15||  
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All varieties of  luster are constituted of ''tejas bhuta''. They are classified as seven type’s namely red, yellow, white, brown, green, pale yellowish and black. Of them which are emanative, unctuous, and dense are auspicious and those others which are dry, dirty and thin are inauspicious.[14-15]
 
All varieties of  luster are constituted of ''tejas bhuta''. They are classified as seven type’s namely red, yellow, white, brown, green, pale yellowish and black. Of them which are emanative, unctuous, and dense are auspicious and those others which are dry, dirty and thin are inauspicious.[14-15]
 
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==== Difference between ''Chhaya'' (shadow) and ''Prabha''(lustre) ====
 
==== Difference between ''Chhaya'' (shadow) and ''Prabha''(lustre) ====
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nAcchAyo nAprabhaH kashcidvisheShAshcihnayanti tu|  
 
nAcchAyo nAprabhaH kashcidvisheShAshcihnayanti tu|  
 
nRuNAM shubhAshubhotpattiM kAle chAyAprabhAshrayAH||17||  
 
nRuNAM shubhAshubhotpattiM kAle chAyAprabhAshrayAH||17||  
 
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The shadow decreases the complexion of the body whereas the lustre illuminates. The shadow can be observed from nearby whereas lustre illuminates from a distance. There is nothing devoid of lustre or shadow. Certain distinctive features of the shadow and the lustre when mature indicates emergence of inauspicious or auspicious results in relation to human beings. [16-17]
 
The shadow decreases the complexion of the body whereas the lustre illuminates. The shadow can be observed from nearby whereas lustre illuminates from a distance. There is nothing devoid of lustre or shadow. Certain distinctive features of the shadow and the lustre when mature indicates emergence of inauspicious or auspicious results in relation to human beings. [16-17]
 
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==== Fatal signs ====
 
==== Fatal signs ====
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saMsRuShTA vyAdhayo yasya pratilomAnulomagAH|  
 
saMsRuShTA vyAdhayo yasya pratilomAnulomagAH|  
 
vyApannA grahaNI prAyaH so~ardhamAsaM na jIvati||20||  
 
vyApannA grahaNI prAyaH so~ardhamAsaM na jIvati||20||  
 
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Patient who is suffering from ''kamala'', swelling of face, wasting in temples and terrifying appearance with high fever such patient should be discarded for management.
 
Patient who is suffering from ''kamala'', swelling of face, wasting in temples and terrifying appearance with high fever such patient should be discarded for management.
    
Patient who faints again and again while being lifted from bed cannot survive for a week.
 
Patient who faints again and again while being lifted from bed cannot survive for a week.
 
The patient afflicted with multiple ''doshas'' having movements  in upward, downward both directions along with disordered ''grahani''(Duodenum and Small intestine) cannot survive for longer than for a fortnight.[18-20]
 
The patient afflicted with multiple ''doshas'' having movements  in upward, downward both directions along with disordered ''grahani''(Duodenum and Small intestine) cannot survive for longer than for a fortnight.[18-20]
 
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उपरुद्धस्य रोगेण कर्शितस्याल्पमश्नतः|  
 
उपरुद्धस्य रोगेण कर्शितस्याल्पमश्नतः|  
 
बहु मूत्रपुरीषं स्याद्यस्य तं परिवर्जयेत्||२१||  
 
बहु मूत्रपुरीषं स्याद्यस्य तं परिवर्जयेत्||२१||  
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UrdhvaM ca yaH prashvasiti shleShmaNA cAbhibhUyate|  
 
UrdhvaM ca yaH prashvasiti shleShmaNA cAbhibhUyate|  
 
hInavarNabalAhAro yo naro na sa jIvati||26||
 
hInavarNabalAhAro yo naro na sa jIvati||26||
 
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Consumption of little quantity of food by emaciated person but excretes large amount of urine and stool should be discarded for management.  
 
Consumption of little quantity of food by emaciated person but excretes large amount of urine and stool should be discarded for management.  
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If patient is suffering from shallow respiration with irregular twitching in the body is said to be severe fatal condition like almost dead.
 
If patient is suffering from shallow respiration with irregular twitching in the body is said to be severe fatal condition like almost dead.
 
Person who is suffering from respiratory distress with abundance of ''kapha'' along with diminution of complexion, strength and less intake of food will not survive for longer.[21-26]
 
Person who is suffering from respiratory distress with abundance of ''kapha'' along with diminution of complexion, strength and less intake of food will not survive for longer.[21-26]
 
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ऊर्ध्वाग्रे नयने यस्य मन्ये  चारतकम्पने|  
 
ऊर्ध्वाग्रे नयने यस्य मन्ये  चारतकम्पने|  
 
बलहीनः पिपासार्तः शुष्कास्यो न स जीवति||२७||  
 
बलहीनः पिपासार्तः शुष्कास्यो न स जीवति||२७||  
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nicitaM yasya mAMsaM syAttvagasthiShveva  dRushyate|  
 
nicitaM yasya mAMsaM syAttvagasthiShveva  dRushyate|  
 
kShINasyAnashnatastasya mAsamAyuH paraM bhavet||31||  
 
kShINasyAnashnatastasya mAsamAyuH paraM bhavet||31||  
 
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A weak, thirsty and dryness of mouth suffers from rigid and upward look of the eyes and persistent throbbing of the carotid region of the neck, will not survive for long.
 
A weak, thirsty and dryness of mouth suffers from rigid and upward look of the eyes and persistent throbbing of the carotid region of the neck, will not survive for long.
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Whose penis is excessively long along with pendulous testicles or vice versa, such signs are indicative of death of a patient immediately.
 
Whose penis is excessively long along with pendulous testicles or vice versa, such signs are indicative of death of a patient immediately.
 
In emaciated individual whose muscles are excessively undergone wasting with remnants of skin and bone does not survive more than one month.[27-31]
 
In emaciated individual whose muscles are excessively undergone wasting with remnants of skin and bone does not survive more than one month.[27-31]
 
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==== Summary ====
 
==== Summary ====
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=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===
 
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===
 
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==== Role of ''Pancha-mahabhuta'' in complexion and luster ====
 
==== Role of ''Pancha-mahabhuta'' in complexion and luster ====
 
Following cross references are important to be re-visited to assess the role of ''pancha-mahabhuta'', especially ''tejas mahabhuta'' in complexion and luster.  
 
Following cross references are important to be re-visited to assess the role of ''pancha-mahabhuta'', especially ''tejas mahabhuta'' in complexion and luster.  
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In parapsychology and many forms of spiritual practice, an aura is a field of subtle, luminous radiation surrounding a person or object (like the halo oraureola in religious art). <ref>Aura (paranormal); From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)</ref>,
 
In parapsychology and many forms of spiritual practice, an aura is a field of subtle, luminous radiation surrounding a person or object (like the halo oraureola in religious art). <ref>Aura (paranormal); From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)</ref>,
 
<ref>How to see and READ the AURA: Part 1; available at http://www.thiaoouba.com/seeau.htm</ref>
 
<ref>How to see and READ the AURA: Part 1; available at http://www.thiaoouba.com/seeau.htm</ref>
 
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=== Glossary ===  
 
=== Glossary ===  
 
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{| class="wikitable"